Olinia
Olinia | ||||||||||||
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Olinia ventosa , branch with leaves and inflorescences |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name of the tribe | ||||||||||||
Olinieae | ||||||||||||
Horan. | ||||||||||||
Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
Olinia | ||||||||||||
Thunb. |
The Olinia are the only plant genus of the tribe Olinieae in the family of the Penaeaceae within the order of the myrtle-like (Myrtales). The home areas are in East Africa , in the Capensis , in an area in West Africa and on the island of St. Helena .
description
Appearance and leaves
The Olinia species are small, richly branched trees and shrubs . The cork cambium is initially superficial. The secondary growth in thickness is based on a conventional cambium ring . Above-ground parts of plants can have single-celled glandular hairs.
The leaves are, as with most other Myrtenartigen against continuously arranged. The simple leaf blades are pinnate and entire. The stomata are anomocytic, paracytic, and cyclocytic. Stipules are present in some species.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are grouped in terminal or lateral, zymous inflorescences .
The relatively small, hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are four to five-fold. There is a hypanthium . The four or five sepals are reduced to a narrow four- or five-lobed margin on the hypanthium; they are ephemeral early on. The four or five free petals are spatulate. There are two or three circles with four or five free stamens each, they are clearly designed differently; of these are four to ten staminodes , which are corolla-like, hair-like or scale-like and are located outside the fertile stamens. The four or five fertile stamens face the sepals and consist of short stamens curved back and basifix anthers with two counters that are separated by a thickened connective. The pollen grains have three or six apertures and are colporat or colpat and colporat. The (three to) mostly four to five carpels are fused into a subordinate, rarely three, usually four to five- chamber ovary. In the central-angled placentation there are rarely two, usually three pendulous, apotropic, hemianatropic, bitegmic, crassinucellate ovules per ovary chamber in the ovary . The stylus ends in a cephalic scar.
Fruits and seeds
The fleshy stone fruits contain one to five seeds. The seeds do not have an endosperm, but have a well-developed embryo with two spirally twisted or unevenly folded cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
Ingredients and chromosome numbers
Due to the cyanogenic glycoside prunasin, plant parts smell like almonds when injured. The mesophyll contains solitary prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
Systematics
The genus Olinia was set up in 1799 by Carl Peter Thunberg in Archives for Botany , 2 (1), p. 4. Type species is Olinia cymosa (L. f.) Thunb. , which is now a synonym of Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. is. The botanical genus name Olinia honors the Swedish botanist Johan Hendrik Olin (1769-1824). A synonym for Olinia Thunb. is Plectronia L.
The genus Olinia formed the family of Oliniaceae Arn for some time . ex Sond. , whose synonym is Plectroniaceae Hereafter . Today the genus Olinia alone forms the tribe Olinieae in the family of the Penaeaceae within the order of the myrtle-like (Myrtales).
There are about eight to ten species in the genus Olinia :
- Olinia capensis Klotzsch : The home is the Capensis.
- Olinia emarginata Burtt Davy : The home is the Capensis.
- Olinia micrantha Decne. : The home is the Capensis.
- Olinia radiata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips : The home is the Capensis.
- Olinia rochetiana A. Juss. (Syn .: Olinia aequipetala (Del.) Cufod. , Olinia discolor Mildbr. , Olinia huillensis Welw. Ex A.Fern. & R.Fern. , Olinia macrophylla Gilg , Olinia ruandensis Gilg , Olinia usambarensis Gilg , Olinia volkensii Gilg ): The homeland is Angola , eastern Zaire , Ethiopia , Kenya , Rwanda , Transvaal , Tanzania and Uganda .
- Olinia vanguerioides Baker f. : It occurs in Zimbabwe and neighboring areas in Mozambique .
- Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. (Syn .: Olinia cymosa (L.) Thunb. ): It is distributed in coastal areas of the southern and eastern coast of South Africa from the Cape Peninsula to about the border of Transkei and southern KwaZulu-Natal . She was also found on St. Helena .
swell
- The tribe Olinieae within the family Penaeaceae on the AP website . (Section description, distribution and systematics)
- Olinia as some genus of the Oliniaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Olinia ventosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b Olinieae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ B. Verdcourt: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 4: Oliniaceae . (English)
- ^ Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe . (English)
- ↑ Description and pictures of Olinia ventosa near Plantzafrica . (English)