Primrose family

Primrose family
	Stemless cowslip ( Primula vulgaris hybrid)
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
Order :	Heather-like (Ericales)
Family :	Primrose family
Scientific name
	Primulaceae
	Batsch

The plant family of the Primrose family (Primulaceae), also key flower plants , belongs to the order of the heather-like (Ericales) within the flowering plant . Primrose plants can be found worldwide from the permafrost zone to the tropics .

description

They are herbaceous plants or woody plants. The herbaceous species are seldom annual, mostly persistent and form rhizomes or tubers as persistent organs or stolons . The woody plants have a wide range of growth habits of half bushes over shrubs to trees and vines . Some taxa contain colored milky sap in schizogenic canals.

The leaves are alternate and spiral or opposite, often arranged in basal rosettes or distributed on the stem ( phyllotaxis ). The stalked or sessile leaves are usually simple. There are often dark spots or lines of glands on the leaf blades. The leaf margins can be smooth to toothed. Stipules are missing.

Flower diagram of Primula .

The flowers stand individually or in differently shaped inflorescences. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are usually five-fold (three to nine-fold) and with double perianth . The green sepals are fused. The petals are usually fused together ( sympetalie ); in Glaux they are absent; in some taxa the petals are more or less deeply divided into two. There are one or two circles with usually five free stamens . Five carpels are a mostly upper constant ovary grown. The ovary contains several or many ovules in free central placentation. There is a stylus with a scar. Heterostyly is common. Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).

The following flower formula applies most often : ${\ displaystyle \ star K _ {(5)} \; [C _ {(5)} \; A_ {5}] \; G _ {\ underline {(5)}}}$

Capsule fruits are usually formed, which rarely contain one, usually two to 100 oil-containing seeds.

Many primrose species produce the benzoquinone derivative primin as glandular secretion , which can cause skin irritation on contact.

Systematics and distribution

The valid first publication of the family name Primulaceae took place in 1794 by August Batsch in Synopsis Universalis Analytica Generum Plantarum 2: 395. 1794. The type genus is Primula L.

Primulaceae s. l. are spread worldwide from the permafrost zone to the tropics .

Within the order of the Ericales , Primulaceae are a sister group of the Ebenaceae and these two are closest to the Sapotaceae .

The Primulaceae family has often been reorganized and the number of genera varies greatly in the arrangements. The latest conception of the family according to APG III includes all taxa which earlier in the order of the Primulales Lindl. were asked. Stevens therefore treats the earlier families as subfamilies.

Today the family includes the Primulaceae s. l. 58 genera with about 2590 species. The family of Primulaceae in its broad scope is divided into four subfamilies (for the genera see there):

Subfamily Maesoideae : It contains only one genus with about 150 woody species in the Paleotropic :
- Maesa Forssk.
Subfamily Theophrastoideae (Bartl.) A.DC. : It contains six to nine genera with about 105 species. They are mainly native to the New World . In the Old World species, for example, from Europe to Asia Minor, in capensis, Australia and New Zealand is home There are more species in the tropics than in the subtropics or moderates areas.
Subfamily Primuloideae : It contains nine to twelve genera. They are herbaceous plants with a very wide distribution, mainly in the northern hemisphere .
Subfamily Myrsinoideae : It contains about 41 genera with about 1435 species with almost worldwide distribution, but more species in the tropics than in the temperate areas. They are woody and herbaceous plants.

swell

The Primulaceae family on the AP website. (Sections systematics and description)
The Primulaceae family in DELTA - not the same size as in APG III. (Section description)
Qiming Hu & Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae , p. 39 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996. ISBN 0-915279-37-1 (Description section)

Individual evidence

↑ Birgitta Bremer, Kåre Bremer, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, James L. Reveal, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Peter F. Stevens et al .: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. , in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , October 2009, Volume 161, Issue 2, pp. 105-121.

Web links

Commons : Primrose Family (Primulaceae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Identification key

Determination of the primrose plants occurring in Germany.

[APGIII-1] Birgitta Bremer, Kåre Bremer, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, James L. Reveal, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Peter F. Stevens et al .: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. , in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , October 2009, Volume 161, Issue 2, pp. 105-121.