Barrel plants

Barrel plants
	Elatine hexandra
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family :	Barrel plants
Scientific name
	Elatinaceae
	Dumort.

The Tännelgewächse (Elatinaceae) are a family in the order of the Malpighian (Malpighiales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). The 35 to 50 species are distributed in the temperate to tropical areas almost worldwide.

description

The species of the Tännelgewächse are annual to perennial or perennial herbaceous plants or subshrubs in wetlands. The opposite, sometimes whorled , simple leaves usually have a serrated edge (sometimes entire) and can be above or below water. The stipules are (mostly) small.

The flowers stand alone or in zymose inflorescences . The small, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and (two- to) five- to six-fold. The sepals and petals are free. There are one or two circles with two to five (up to six) free stamens per flower . Two to five (or six) carpels are a syncarp, upper permanent ovary fused, with two to five free (up to six) styluses. Two to fivefold capsule fruits are formed.

distribution

The species have their areas mostly in the temperate to tropical latitudes worldwide. It is only in arctic latitudes that there are no species.

In Central Europe you can find whorls ( Elatine alsinastrum L. ), six-male tännel or stalk tännel ( Elatine hexandra (Lapierre) DC. ), Water pepper tännel or Krummkeim tännel ( Elatine hydropiper L. ) with the subspecies Elatine hydropiper L. subsp. hydropiper and Elatine hydropiper subsp. orthosperma (Düben) F. Herm. as well as Dreimänniger Tännel or Stiel-Tännel ( Elatine triandra Schkuhr ).

Systematics

The Elatinaceae family was established in 1829 by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in Analyze des Familles de Plantes , pp. 44, 49. Type genus is Elatine L. Synonyms for Elatinaceae Dumort. nom. cons. are: Alsinastraceae Rupr. nom. illegal. and Cryptaceae Raf.

The Elatinaceae family now belongs to the Malpighiales order . In older systems it was incorporated into the former Theales order.

Bergia texana

Elatine hexandra , illustration

Elatine gratioloides

Elatine hungarica

In the Elatinaceae family there are only two genera with about 60 species. A list of the recognized species of the respective genus can be found in R. Govaerts.

Bergia L .: The mostly five-fold flowers have a short stalk. It contains 29 species that occur in the tropics and subtropics.
Tännel ( Elatine L. ): The three-fold flowers are sessile. It contains about 30 species:
- Quirl-Tännel ( Elatine alsinastrum L. )
- Elatine ambigua Wight : It occurs from southwestern Siberia to Java.
- Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. : It occurs from sub-Arctic America to the United States and in Kamchatka.
- Elatine brachysperma A.Gray : It occurs in North America and from Peru to northeast Argentina.
- Elatine brochonii Clavaud : It occurs from Spain to southwest France and from northwest Africa to Mauritania.
- Elatine californica A.Gray : It occurs from western and west-central North America to northern Mexico.
- Elatine campylosperma Seub. : It occurs in the Mediterranean area.
- Elatine chilensis Gay : It occurs from Bolivia to southern South America and on the Falkland Islands.
- Elatine ecuadoriensis Molau : It occurs in Colombia and Ecuador.
- Elatine fassettiana Steyerm. : It occurs in Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
- Elatine fauquei Monod : It occurs in Mali .
- Elatine glaziovii Nied. : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
- Elatine gratioloides A. Cunn . : It occurs from Australia to the islands in the southwestern Pacific.
- Elatine gussonei (Sommier) Brullo, Lanfr., Pavone & Ronsisv. : It occurs in Malta and Lampedusa .
- Elatine heterandra H. Mason : It occurs in California, New Mexico and Texas.
- Six-male tännel ( Elatine hexandra (Lapierre) DC. , Syn .: Elatine tripetala Sm. )
- Elatine hungarica Moesz : It occurs from eastern Central Europe to Siberia.
- Wasserpfeffer-Tännel ( Elatine hydropiper L. ): It occurs from Europe to the Far Eastern Asian Russia.
- Elatine lindbergii Rohrb. : It occurs in Brazil.
- Elatine Lorentziana Hunz. : It occurs in northeastern Argentina.
- Elatine macrocalyx Albr. : It occurs in Western Australia and Northern Trritiry.
- Elatine macropoda cast. : It occurs in the Mediterranean area.
- Elatine madagascariensis H.Perrier : It occurs in Madagascar
- Elatine major A.Braun : It occurs in France only in the Foret de Fontainebleau.
- Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fish. & CAMey. : It occurs in Canada and the United States.
- Elatine ojibwayensis Garneau : It occurs in Québec .
- Elatine paramoana Schmidt-M. & Bernal : It occurs in Colombia and Bolivia.
- Elatine peruviana Baehni & JFMacbr. : It occurs in Peru and Bolivia.
- Elatine rubella Rydb. : It occurs in the western and central United States.
- Elatine spathulata Gorski : It occurs in Scandinavia and from Germany to Far Eastern Asiatic Russia.
- Three-man barrel ( Elatine triandra Schkuhr )

swell

The family of Elatinaceae in APWebsite . (Sections systematics and description)
The Elatinaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
Leslie Watson, 2008: The Elatinaceae family in the Western Australian flora . (Section description)
Abdul Ghafoor & Syed Irtifaq Ali: The Elatinaceae Family , In: Flora of West Pakistan 67 . (Section description)
Qiner Yang & Gordon C. Tucker: Elatinaceae , p. 55 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae. Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 . (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution)

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c Christopher David Kentish Cook: Bergia and Elatine. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al .: Flora Europaea . Volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 295-296.
↑ ^a ^b ^c P. Uotila, 2009: Elatinaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
↑ Elatinaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 11, 2013.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Elatinaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Tännelgewächse (Elatinaceae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

The family in the Flora of Zimbabwe. (English)
Family and genus description. (English)
Illustration of three types .

[FloraEuropaea1968-1] A ^b ^c Christopher David Kentish Cook: Bergia and Elatine. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al .: Flora Europaea . Volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 295-296.

[Euro+Med-2] P. Uotila, 2009: Elatinaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .

[biodiversitylibrary-3] First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[tropicos-4] Elatinaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 11, 2013.

[WCSP-5] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Elatinaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2020.