Whisk tank

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Whisk tank
Whisk-Tännel (Elatine alsinastrum)

Whisk-Tännel ( Elatine alsinastrum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Barrel family (Elatinaceae)
Genre : Tännel ( Elatine )
Type : Whisk tank
Scientific name
Elatine alsinastrum
L.

The Quirl-Tännel ( Elatine alsinastrum ), also called Quirlblättriger Tännel or Mierenstern-Tännel , is a type of plant from the genus Elatine within the family of the Tännelgewächse (Elatinaceae).

description

illustration

The Quirl-Tännel grows as a wintering green, annual herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 20 to 50, rarely up to 100 centimeters. The upright or ascending stem is simple or branched at the base.

The leaves are lively arranged on the stem and are sitting. The underwater leaves, standing in 8 to 16-fold whorls, are narrowly linear with a length of about 5 centimeters. The leaves, which are mostly in three to rarely six-fold whorls outside the water, are sessile and egg-shaped and greenish with a length of up to 12 millimeters.

The flowering period in Central Europe extends from June to September. The flowers stand individually in the axils of the overwater leaves. The greenish-white flowers are four-fold, with four sepals , four petals and eight stamens .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = approx. 40.

ecology

The Quirl-Tännel is a helomorphic hydrophyte and therophyte .

There is insect pollination or self-pollination in the bud. Velcro spreads in the diaspores .

Occurrence

The Quirl-Tännel is mainly distributed from Europe to Central Asia and North Africa. The distribution area is mostly torn up into individual occurrences; there is a greater density in western and central France , in north-eastern central Europe , in central eastern Europe and in Kazakhstan . The northern border is in southern Finland at 63 ° north latitude, the eastern border is in western Siberia . Splinters of land can be found in North Africa and in the Colchis . In Central Europe you can find it sporadically in the central and eastern lowlands , in the western Harz foreland , on the upper reaches of the Ruhr , on the Main , on the Central and Upper Rhine , on Lake Lugano and in Lower Austria .

The Quirl-Tännel thrives best in nutrient-rich, sandy-muddy, sometimes flooded soils . It populates flat banks and the shallow soils of ponds and ponds, but also goes into the bank zones of oxbow lakes . He is a Nanocyperion bandage character.

Endangerment and population development

In various regions of Central Europe, the whisk tannel is endangered. According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), it is not particularly protected in Germany. In Germany, the whisker tännel decreases very strongly. In eight federal states of Germany the whorl-tännel is recorded as extinct on the red lists, only in Berlin and Brandenburg is it considered "critically endangered" and in all others as "threatened with extinction".

The main causes of danger lie in intensified pond management. Long-term extensive management of ponds should be ensured as a species relief measure.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline. Founded by Werner Rothmaler . 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae. 2nd expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 3: Evening primrose plants to reddish plants , Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Elatine alsinastrum L., Quirl-Tännel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 666.
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Elatine alsinastrum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  4. ^ W. Subal, A. Zehm: Quirl-Tännel, Elatine alsinastrum L. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, November 2009, accessed on March 14, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Quirl-Tännel ( Elatine alsinastrum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files