Chamoishorn family

Chamoishorn family
	Annual Martynia ( Martynia annua ), unripe capsule fruits and the seed pods (diaspores) without the fallen exocarp with horns for epizoochorous spread
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Chamoishorn family
Scientific name
	Martyniaceae
	Horan.

The chamois horn family (Martyniaceae) are a family of plants in the order of the mint family (Lamiales). The approximately five genera with approximately 14 species have their areas in the New World .

The chamois horn family are also known as "devil's claws". However, they are not related to the genus of devil's claws from the bluebell family or to the African devil's claw ( Harpagophytum procumbens ) from the sesame family (Pedaliaceae).

description

Illustration by Martynia annua

Flowers of Martynia annua

Ibicella lutea capsule fruit with hook

Seeds of Ibicella lutea

Vegetative characteristics

They are annual or perennial herbaceous plants that sometimes become slightly woody at the base. They often form tubers as Überdauerungsorgane. All parts of the plant above ground are covered with sticky glandular hairs.

The alternate or oppositely arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blades are hairy with toothed leaf margins.

Generative characteristics

They form racemose inflorescences .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic , five-fold and tetracyclic with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are free. The five petals are fused, they are often two-lipped. There are often sap marks in the form of dots and lines. There is only one stamen circle with mostly only two, sometimes four stamens . There are either one or three staminodes . Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown.

They form capsule fruits (according to another opinion they are opening stone fruits ) with horns that are bent like chamois horns (hence the German common name chamois horn plants).

ecology

For some species of the genera Proboscidea and Ibicella a status as a carnivorous plant is being discussed.

The spread of the fruits takes place epizoochorically , the diaspores stick to animals which then trample them down (trampling burdock) and thus release the individual seeds.

Systematics

Botanical history

The Martyniaceae family was established in 1847 by Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow in Characteres Essentiales Familiarum , page 130. Type genus is Martynia L. . The genus Martynia is named after the English botanist John Martyn (1699–1768).

Those in the Martyniaceae Horan family . nom cons. included genera are occasionally assigned to the Pedaliaceae .

Genera and their distribution

There are about five genera in the chamois horn family (Martyniaceae), two of which are monotypical , containing a total of 13 to 16 species:

Craniolaria L .: The only three species are common in South America .
Ibicella Van Donkey. : It contains only two types. It is originally native to South America. One species made its way to the southwestern United States and California early on and is a neophyte in some areas of the world.
Holoregmia Nees : it contains only one species:
- Holoregmia viscida Nees : This endemic occurs only in the Caatinga regionin the eastern Brazilian state of Bahia .
Martynia L .: It contains only one species:
- Annual Martynia ( Martynia annua L. ): It is native to Mexico . It is a neophyte in many areas of the world, for example in Africa, Asia and Malesia.
Proboscidea Schmidel : The seven species are common in North America and Mexico. At least two species are now distributed worldwide as neophytes.

literature

Raul Gutierrez: A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). Dissertation, Arizona State Univ., December 2011, PDF at ASU Digital Repository. (PDF; 41.7 MB)
The Martyniaceae family on the AP website . (Sections systematics and description)
The Martyniaceae family at DELTA .
HD Ihlenfeldt: Martyniaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki, Joachim W. Kadereit (Eds.): The Families and Generas of Vascular Plants. Volume VII: Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons , Springer, 2004, ISBN 978-3-642-62200-7 , pp. 283-288.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Martyniaceae family at DELTA .
↑ E. Ulbrich: Biology of fruits and seeds ‹Karpobiology›. Springer, 1928, ISBN 978-3-642-51789-1 , p. 130.
↑ Martyniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 .
↑ Martyniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
↑ RM Harley, AM Giulietti, FAR dos Santos: Holoregmia Nees, a Recently Rediscovered Genus of Martyniaceae from Bahia, Brazil. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 58, No. 1, 2003, pp. 205-212, doi: 10.2307 / 4119363 , PDF on eurekamag.com.

Web links

Commons : Chamois Horns (Martyniaceae) - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

[DELTA-1] The Martyniaceae family at DELTA .

[Ulbrich1928-2] E. Ulbrich: Biology of fruits and seeds ‹Karpobiology›. Springer, 1928, ISBN 978-3-642-51789-1 , p. 130.

[Tropicos-3] Martyniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 9, 2018.

[Genaust1976-4] Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 .

[GRIN-5] Martyniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 23, 2017.

[6] RM Harley, AM Giulietti, FAR dos Santos: Holoregmia Nees, a Recently Rediscovered Genus of Martyniaceae from Bahia, Brazil. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 58, No. 1, 2003, pp. 205-212, doi: 10.2307 / 4119363 , PDF on eurekamag.com.