Holoregmia viscida
| Holoregmia viscida | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Holoregmia | ||||||||||||
| Nees | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Holoregmia viscida | ||||||||||||
| Nees |
Holoregmia viscida is the only species of the monotypic plant genus Holoregmia within the chamois horn family(Martyniaceae). This endemic occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia .
description
Appearance
Holoregmia viscida grows as a shrub and reaches heights of up to 3 meters. The upright shoot axes have a diameter of up to 5 centimeters and are green and fleshy when young, with increasing age they become light brown and lignified. All above-ground parts of the plant are densely hairy and glandular-sticky.
leaf
The mostly opposite leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is more or less, but rather long. The leaf blade is heart-shaped to triangular or arrow-shaped with a heart-shaped base and tapering upper end with a length of up to 20 centimeters. The leaf margins are more or less lobed and toothed. The leaf surface is dark green and has an impressed vein, the underside of the leaf is paler with protruding veins. The leaf upper and lower surface is densely hairy glandular. Stipules are missing.
Inflorescence and flower
The inflorescence , which is up to 70 centimeters long, contains numerous flowers and towers above the leaves. The early falling bracts are linear-lanceolate with a length of up to 25 millimeters. The bracts are narrow-lanceolate and remain until the fruit is ripe. The flower stalks are up to 1.5 centimeters long during anthesis and extend to up to 2 centimeters until the fruit is ripe.
The hermaphroditic flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 4 to 6 centimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five glandular hairy sepals are spatha- like grown together, they form an inflated urn, which closes completely when the fruit ripe, the individual lobes are pointed and the same length. The five glandular hairy petals are fused together funnel-shaped to bell-shaped. The pale yellow to pale green corolla is up to 5 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide and has two lips. The constricted part of the corolla tube lies in the sepals. The throat of the corolla tube has purple to chestnut-red dots, or sap marks fused into lines . The outside of the corolla tube and the corolla lobes are less, less spotted. The flowers have only four slightly downwardly directed, fertile stamens and a staminodium . The stamens are 2.5 to 2.8 inches long. The anthers are up to 8 millimeters long. There is a fleshy nectar slice under the ovary . The relatively small, above-permanent, two-chamber ovary contains four ovules . The thread-like stylus ends in a two-lobed scar .
Fruit and seeds
The hairy-sticky, green and fleshy capsule fruit is ovate-elliptical with a length of up to 4 centimeters and a diameter of up to 2.3 centimeters. The pericarp is sloping. The woody, very hard endocarp is self-contained, sculpted, with a reduced or inconspicuous, adaxial crest. The capsule fruit, which is dark brown when ripe, has a very short beak or two very small horns. Each capsule fruit contains two to four seeds that remain in it. The seeds are oblong with a length of up to 2 centimeters.
ecology
The capsule fruits are not spread out as trample , as is the case with the other chamois horns, because no corresponding horns are formed on the capsule fruit.
Occurrence
Holoregmia viscida only grows in the state of Bahia in eastern Brazil . Natural sites can be found in the Caatinga region near the Rio de Contas and Rio Paragauçu , which arise from the Chapada Diamantina massif.
Systematics
With the first description of the species Holoregmia viscida in 1821 the German botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776-1858) set up the genus Holoregmia in Flora , Volume 4, page 300. After its discovery and first description, this plant species remained lost until it was not rediscovered until 2003.
In the genus Holoregmia Nees there is only one species:
- Holoregmia viscida Nees (Syn .: Craniolaria unibracteata Nees & Mart. , Proboscidea unibracteata (Nees & Mart.) Decne .; Martynia spathacea Spreng. )
literature
- Joachim W. Kadereit (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 7: Flowering plants, Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-40593-3 , pp. 287 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- Raul Gutierrez: A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). Dissertation, Arizona State Univ., December 2011. PDF at ASU Digital Repository . (PDF; 41.7 MB)
- RM Harley, AM Giulietti, FAR dos Santos: Holoregmia Nees, a Recently Rediscovered Genus of Martyniaceae from Bahia, Brazil. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 58, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 205–212, doi: 10.2307 / 4119363 , PDF on eurekamag.com , accessed on September 27, 2018.
- Ana Maria Giulietti, Raymond Mervyn Harley: Flora da Bahia: Martyniaceae. In: Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas. Volume 13, 2013, doi: 10.13102 / scb318 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e Raul Gutierrez: A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). Pp. 94-96, 218.
- ↑ a b Joachim W. Kadereit (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 7: Flowering plants, Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-40593-3 , pp. 287 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Ana Maria Giulietti, Raymond Mervyn Harley: Flora da Bahia: Martyniaceae.
- ↑ RM Harley, AM Giulietti, FAR dos Santos: Holoregmia Nees, a Recently Rediscovered Genus of Martyniaceae from Bahia, Brazil.