Cunoniaceae

Cunoniaceae
	Weinmannia pinnata
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Wood sorrel (Oxalidales)
Family :	Cunoniaceae
Scientific name
	Cunoniaceae
	R.Br.

The Cunoniaceae , rarely called Cunonia plants, are a family in the order of the wood sorrel (Oxalidales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). The approximately 300 species are mainly found in the southern hemisphere . The name comes from the genus Cunonia, which in turn honors a German lawyer and businessman Johann Christian Cuno (1708-?).

description

Illustration of Callicoma serratifolia

Appearance and leaves

They are woody plants: shrubs , trees or often lianas . Many species are evergreen .

The opposite or whorled arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leathery leaf blades are seldom simple or mostly composed, sometimes tripartite, but mostly unpinnate. The leaf margins are usually serrated. Stipules (stipules) are always present. If the leaves are whorled, the stipples of neighboring leaves have grown together to form a uniform structure, in this case the term interpetiolar stipples is used.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand individually or completely different types of inflorescences : cymes , panicles or heads . For example, Davidsonia jerseyaqna is kauliflor .

Flowers of Eucryphia glutinosa

The mostly radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic or rarely unisexual. If the flowers are unisexual, then the species can be dioecious ( Spiraeanthemum ), androdiocial, gynodiocial or polygamomonoecan ( subdiocese ). The bracts can be divided into sepals and petals or there are only sepals similar to petals. There are (three to) five (to ten), or (six to) ten (to twenty) sepals (free or fused at their base). If petals are present then there are (three to) four or five (to ten) (free or fused at their base). There are one or two stamen circles with four or five free stamens each , rarely 11 to 40 stamens. Usually two, rarely three to five carpels are a mostly upper constant (at spiraeanthemum half under permanent) ovary grown (synkarp), rarely the fruit leaves are free (apokarp), rarely the ovary is partially under constant. There are two or three to five free styles per flower, depending on the number of carpels.

The fruits sit directly on the trunk at Davidsonia jerseyaqna . She is kauliflor .

Fruits and seeds

In the species with apocarpic carpels, follicles are formed. In the other species, the fruits are mostly (woody) capsule fruits , sometimes stone fruits or rarely nut fruits . The small seeds are winged or wingless; they have an oily endosperm .

distribution

They are native to Australia , New Caledonia , New Guinea , New Zealand , South America , the Mascarene Islands and southern Africa ( Capensis ). So they have a distribution that corresponds to the great continent Gondwana . Several species have a strong disjoint area on different continents, for example Cunonia in South Africa and New Caledonia or Caldcluvia and eucryphia ( Eucryphia ) both in Australia and southern South America. The area of Caldcluvia extends further north to Ecuador and the Philippines . Geissois has areas in Fiji in the Pacific Ocean . The main distribution is in tropical areas between 13 degrees north and 35 degrees south latitude.

Caldcluvia paniculata

Ceratopetalum gummiferum

Inflorescences and leaves of Pullea stutzeri

Felled trunk of Schizomeria ovata

Branches with fruits of Weinmannia trichosperma

Systematics

The family Cunoniaceae was established in 1814 by Robert Brown in A Voyage to Terra Australis , 2, p. 548. The type genus is Cunonia L.

The species of the earlier families Baueraceae Lindl. , Davidsoniaceae GGJBange, and Eucryphiaceae Gay are now included in Cunoniaceae. Other synonyms for Cunoniaceae R.Br. are Belangeraceae J.Agardh , Callicomaceae J.Agardh and Codiaceae Tiegh .

In the family of the Cunoniaceae there are (16 to 27) about 23 genera with about 280 to 350 species:

Acrophyllum Benth. (Syn .: Calycomis R.Br. ex Nees & Sinning ): With the single species (or two species):
- Acrophyllum australe (A.Cunn.) Hoogland : It is endemic to the Blue Mountains of New South Wales.
Aistopetalum Schltr. : With about two to three species in Australia.
Anodopetalum A. Cunn . ex Endl. : With the only kind:
- Anodopetalum biglandulosum (Hook.) Hook. f. : It is endemic to the temperate rainforest of western Tasmania .
Bauera Banks ex Andrews : With only four species in Australia ( Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria , Tasmania , South Australia ). She alone formed the former Baueraceae family.
Caldcluvia D.Don (Syn .: Ackama A. Cunn . , Betchea Schltr. , Dichynchosia Müll. Berol. Orth. Var., Dirhynchosia Blume , Opocunonia Schltr. , Spiraeopsis Miq. , Stollaea Schltr. ): Of the approximately eleven species ten from the Philippines to Australia and one species in South America.
Callicoma Andrews : With the only kind:
- Callicoma serratifolia Andrews : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland .
Ceratopetalum Sm .: With about six species in New Guinea as well as in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
Codia J.R. Forst . & G.Forst. (Syn .: Pfeifferago Kuntze ): The approximately 14 species only occur in New Caledonia .
Spoonbills ( Cunonia L. , Syn .: Oosterdickia Boehm. ): With large spoon-shaped stipules, hence the name. With around 24 species, almost all of them in New Caledonia, only one in South Africa .
Davidsonia F. Muell. : With two to three species only in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
Mock elm ( Eucryphia Cav. ): With disjoint area: two species in Chile , one species in Queensland, one species in New South Wales and Victoria and two species in Tasmania. She alone formed the former family Eucryphiaceae.
Geissois Labill. : With around 20 species in Australia, New Caledonia , Vanuatu and Fiji .
Gillbeea F. Muell. : With about three species in New Guinea and Australia.
Hooglandia McPherson & Lowry : With the only species:
- Hooglandia ignambiensis McPherson & Lowry : It occurs only in New Caledonia .
Lamanonia Vell. (Syn .: Belangera Cambess. , Polystemon D.Don ): The eight or so species are common in South America.

Pancheria Brongn. & Gris : The approximately 26 species only occur in New Caledonia.

Platylophus D.Don (Syn .: Trimerisma C.Presl ): With the only species:

Platylophus trifoliatus D.Don : It is only found in South Africa.

Pseudoweinmannia Engl .: With only two kinds only in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.

Pullea Schltr. : With about three species in New Guinea, Australia and Fiji.

Schizomeria D.Don (Syn .: Cremnobates Ridl. ): With about 18 species in Moluccas , New Guinea and Australia.

Spiraeanthemum A.Gray (incl. Acsmithia Hoogland ): The 19 species occur in Malesia , Northeast Australia and on Pacific islands.

Vesselowskya Pamp. : With only two types only in Australia.

Weinmannia L. (Syn .: Arnoldia Blume , Leiospermum D.Don , Ornithrophus Bojer ex Engl. , Pterophylla D.Don , Windmannia P.Browne ): With around 150 species in the Neotropic .

use

The fruits of some species are eaten raw. The wood of some species is used.

More pictures

Cape spoon tree ( Cunonia capensis ):

Habitus
Inflorescences
Pinnate leaves and large spoon-shaped stipules

Weinmannia tinctoria :

pinnate leaves
Habitus
Grape inflorescences

swell

The Cunoniaceae family on the AP website. (Section description and systematics)
The families of the Cunoniaceae , the Baueraceae and the Eucryphiaceae at DELTA. (Section description)
Cunoniaceae at New South Wales Flora Online. (Section description and systematics)
Yohan Pillon, Helen CF Hopkins, Jérôme Munzinger & Mark W. Chase: A Molecular and Morphological Survey of Generic Limits of Acsmithia and Spiraeanthemum (Cunoniaceae) , In: Systematic Botany 34 (1), 2009, pp. 141-148. doi: 10.1600 / 036364409787602410

Individual evidence

↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 , doi: 10.3372 / epolist2016
^ ^A ^b Cunoniaceae in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ Acrophyllum at New South Wales Flora Online.
↑ Callicoma in New South Wales Flora Online.
^ Gordon McPherson & Porter P. Lowry II: Hooglandia, a newly discovered genus of Cunoniaceae , In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 91, No. 2, 2004, pp. 260-265 PDF
↑ Types at Plants of A Future . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

Web links

Commons : Cunoniaceae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Burkhardt2016-1] Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 , doi: 10.3372 / epolist2016

[GRIN-2] A ^b Cunoniaceae in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Acrophyllum-3] Acrophyllum at New South Wales Flora Online.

[Callicoma-4] Callicoma in New South Wales Flora Online.

[Hooglandia-5] Gordon McPherson & Porter P. Lowry II: Hooglandia, a newly discovered genus of Cunoniaceae , In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 91, No. 2, 2004, pp. 260-265 PDF

[PFAF-6] Types at Plants of A Future . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2