Pentadiplandra brazzeana
| Pentadiplandra brazzeana | ||||||||||||
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Pentadiplandra brazzeana |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Pentadiplandraceae | ||||||||||||
| Hutch. & Dalziel | ||||||||||||
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| Pentadiplandra | ||||||||||||
| Baill. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Pentadiplandra brazzeana | ||||||||||||
| Baill. |
Pentadiplandra brazzeana or Oubli , is the only plant species of the monotypic genus Pentadiplandra and the monogenic family Pentadiplandraceae .
history
It is a plant species native to Central Africa that was discovered in 1985 by the anthropologists Marcel and Anette Hladik in the course of behavioral studies on monkeys for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle for science. The publication of their study in scientific journals, in which they reported the high sweetness of the fruits of Pentadiplandra brazzeana , met with strong international interest. The sweeteners pentadine were isolated from the fruits in 1989 and brazzein in 1994 .
description
Pentadiplandra brazzeana is a woody plant and grows as a large shrub up to about 5 meters high or as a liana up to 20 meters long.
The alternate, acuminate to acuminate and short stalked leaves are simple and entire. The short petiole is up to 1 centimeter long, the bare leaves are up to 15 centimeters long. They are elliptical to obovate, -eilanzettlich. The stipules are tiny or absent.
Pentadiplandra brazzeana is polygamous-monocial . The flowers stand together in long-stemmed and axillary panicle- like inflorescences composed of racemose partial inflorescences , with tiny bracts . The stalked, mostly functionally unisexual or hermaphrodite, green-whitish or yellowish, sometimes purple-spotted flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . There are five free sepals up to 1 centimeter long and petals up to 2.5 centimeters long . The eilanzettlichen petals have a hairy "pocket" at the base. The male flowers contain 9 to 13 fertile , relatively short stamens and rudimentary female flower organs in a very short androgynophore . The female flowers have a somewhat longer androgynophore with 10 short, thread-like staminodes . Three to five carpels have become a top permanent and bare ovary grown. There are two rows of five ovules per carpel . The stylus is relatively short with a kurzlappigen, small scar (the same number of lobes as carpels).
The red and more or less grayish speckled or grayish and rounded to egg-shaped and 3.5-5 cm large, blackish, almost bare berries with remains of the style contain several seeds per fruit compartment. The kidney-shaped seeds are hairy.
distribution
Pentadiplandra brazzeana is native to western central Africa. Occurrences have so far been found in Gabon , Congo , Nigeria and Cameroon .
Traditional use
The fruits of the Pentadiplandra brazzeana , popularly known as Oubli (French for forgotten ) due to their high sweetness , have long been consumed by the locals. It is said that children who eat the fruit forget their mothers because they are so cute.
See also
literature
- K. Kubitzki , C. Bayer: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. V: Flowering Plants Dicotyledons , Springer, 2003, ISBN 3-540-42873-9 , pp. 11, 329 f.
- Louis P. Ronse De Craene: Floral development and anatomy of Pentadiplandra (Pentadiplandraceae): A key genus in the identification of floral morphological trends in the core Brassicales. In: Canadian Journal of Botany. 80 (5), 2002, pp. 443-459, doi: 10.1139 / b02-021 .
- Edmond Dounias: Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baill. In: GH Schmelzer, A. Gurib-Fakim: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. 11 (1): Medicinal plants 1 , PROTA, 2008, ISBN 978-90-5782-204-9 , p. 405 ff, online at researchgate.net.
Web links
- Pentadiplandra brazzeana at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Pentadiplandra brazzeana . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
- The family of Pentadiplandraceae in APWebsite. (engl.)
- Description of the family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jason Stein: UW-Madison professor makes a sweet discovery ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. State Journal
- ↑ H. Van der Wel, G. Larcon, A. Hladika, CM Hladik, G. Hellekant, D. Glaser: Isolation and characterization of Pentadin, the sweet principle of Pentadiplandra-Brazzeana Baillon. In: Chemical Senses . 14, 1989, pp. 75-79.
- ↑ D. Ming, G. Hellekant: Brazzein, a new high-potency thermostable sweet protein from Pentadiplandra brazzeana B. In: FEBS letters. Volume 355, Number 1, 1994, pp. 106-108, ISSN 0014-5793 , PMID 7957951 .
- ↑ Data Portal of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Biodiversity occurrence data for Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ CM Hladik, A. Hladik: Sucres et "faux sucres" de la forêt equatoriale: évolution et perception des produits sucrés par les populations forestières d'Afrique. In: Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquée (FRA). Vol. 35, 1988, n. Spéc., Pp. 51-66, doi: 10.3406 / jatba.1988.6676 .
