Monimia plants

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Monimia plants
Boldo (Peumus boldus), illustration

Boldo ( Peumus boldus ), illustration

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Magnoliids
Order : Laurels (Laurales)
Family : Monimia plants
Scientific name
Monimiaceae
Yuss.

The monimiaceae (Monimiaceae) are a family of plants in the order of laurel-like (Laurales). Some species (for example Hedycarya and Peumus ) are ornamental plants , Peumus provides leaves and edible fruits, and wood is used by many other species .

description

Illustration of the leaf from Peumus boldus ; the dots show the oil containers
Illustration of Xymalos monospora

Vegetative characteristics

They are evergreen , woody plants: either shrubs , small trees or lianas . There is a superficial cork cambium . Many species are resinous. The twigs are often flattened below the somewhat swollen nodes.

The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leathery leaf blade is simple. The leaf margins are usually serrated with widely spaced teeth. There is pinnate and net vein; on the underside of the leaf, the conspicuous leaf veins are raised, they unite near the leaf edge. The stomata are usually paracytic. The leaves often contain essential oils , so they are fragrant. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are solitary or in zymose inflorescences . The mostly hermaphroditic flowers are either spiral or whorled and have radial symmetry. If the flowers are unisexual, then the species can be monoecious ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ). The 3 to 50 bracts are either clearly divided into sepals and petals or they gradually change from the sepal-like to the petals -like. Usually there are many (10 to 150) stamens that are free to each other and not fused with the bloom. There is rarely only one carpel, but mostly three to a hundred free upper or semi-lower carpels are present. Each carpel contains an ovule in apical placentation. All-female flowers can contain staminodes. Overall, the flowers show relatively original features.

There is a well-developed, fleshy flower cup (hypanthium) and / or a conspicuous flower axis (receptaculum), of which the solitary stone fruit is often enveloped and jumps up irregularly when ripe. The seeds have an oily endosperm and a straight, chlorophyll-free embryo.

Distribution and systematics

Distribution map of the Monimiaceae

Their distribution is tropical with a focus from eastern Australia to Southeast Asia . Fossil discoveries that are expected to Monimiaceae there from Campan (Campanian) of the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica . Malesia is the center of diversity with ten genera and around 84 species. There are seven genera with species in New Guinea . In Australia there are eight genera with around 26 species. In the Neotropic there are five to six genera with about 30 species. In Madagascar and the Mascarene there are three genera with around 63 species. In New Caledonia there are two genera with around ten species. In tropical Africa there is only the monotypical genus Xymalos , while only the monotypical genus Monimia occurs in Réunion and Mauritius .

The coating of the fruits of Hennecartia omphalandra has cracked irregularly
Male flowers of Tambourissa elliptica
Foliage leaves and fruits of Wilkiea huegeliana

The Monimiaceae family was first published in 1809 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Annales du muséum national d'histoire naturelle , 14, p. 133. The type genus is Monimia Thouars . A synonym for Monimiaceae Juss. is Hortoniaceae ACSm.

The former monotypical genus Kairoa now contains three species, with the previous monotypical genus Faika becoming a synonym (Renner & Takeuchi 2009). The Monimiaceae family includes 22 to 30 genera with around 200 species:

Ingredients and usage

Leaves of Boldo ( Peumus boldus )

Some types are used for the extraction of essential oils for pharmaceutical or perfume production . The leaves of Boldo ( Peumus boldo ) are also used as a medicine or as a tea, the bark is also used for tanning.

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Individual evidence

  1. a b c Susanne S. Renner & Wayne N. Takeuchi: A Phylogeny and Revised Circumscription for Kairoa (Monimiaceae), with the Description of a New Species from Papua New Guinea , in: Harvard Papers in Botany Volume 14, Issue 1, 2009 , Pp. 71-81: doi : 10.3100 / 025.014.0111
  2. ^ A b Monimiaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ^ Ariane Luna Peixoto & Maria Verônica Leite Pereira-Moura: A new genus of Monimiaceae from the Atlantic Coastal Forest in South-Eastern Brazil. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 63, Number 1, 2008, pp. 137-141.

Web links

Commons : Monimiaceae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files