Stemonaceae
| Stemonaceae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Habit and flowers of Croomia heterosepala |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Stemonaceae | ||||||||||||
| Engl. |
The Stemonaceae are a family in the order of the screw tree-like (Pandanales) within monocotyledons (monocotyledons).
description
Vegetative characteristics
They are upright or climbing perennial herbaceous plants or subshrubs with rhizomes or tubers as storage organs. The alternate and two-line, whorled or opposite arranged leaves are petiolate. The leaf blade is undivided with three or more main veins and numerous transverse secondary veins. The leaf margin is smooth.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are rarely solitary or in racemose , usually in zymose , lateral inflorescences . Most species have hermaphrodite flowers; some species are single-sexed ( monoecious ), so they have unisexual flowers of both sexes. The radial symmetrical flowers are usually four, rarely two or five-fold. The perianth consists of four (or five) bracts . There is only a circle with four (or rarely five) fertile , free or at the base ring-shaped fused stamens , which stand at a gap to the tepals. Two (or rarely three) carpels are an above-earth, rare under constant ovary grown. Each fruit chamber contains 2 to 50 ovules . The style ends in (rarely one) two to three scars.
The two- to three-fold capsule fruit contains spherical to elliptical seeds .
ingredients
Some species produce alkaloids .
Systematics and distribution
The Stemonaceae family was established by Adolf Engler . The type genus is Stemona Lour .
The Stemonaceae family is found in tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast and East Asia (China and Japan), Indonesia and northern Australia . Croomia pauciflora is found in southeastern North America .
The family Stemonaceae comprises four genera with about 25 to 37 species :
- Croomia Torr. : Of the approximately six species, five occur in Japan, one species in China and Japan, and one species in North America.
- Pentastemona Steenis : The only two species occur in Sumatra. This genus is sometimes assigned to its own family Pentastemonaceae because it is the only species among the monocots whose flowers are structured according to the number five.
- Stemona Lour : The approximately 24 species are distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia.
- Stichoneuron Hook. f. : The five or so species are distributed from Assam and Myanmar to the Malay Peninsula.
swell
- The family of stemonaceae in APWebsite . (Sections systematics and description)
- Stemonaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz: The Families of Flowering Plants . (Section description)
- R. David Whetstone: Stemonaceae. , P. 466 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (sections description and distribution)
- Zhanhe Ji, BEE Duyfjes: Stemonaceae. , P. 70 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 . (Sections Description and Distribution)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stemonaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Stemonaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- ^ David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 limited preview in Google book search
