Restionaceae
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R.Br. |
The Restionaceae are a plant family in the order of the sweet grass-like (Poales). The Restionaceae family has a disjoint area in the southern hemisphere . Some species are used in the tropical belt as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
Description and ecology
They are perennial herbaceous plants with a grass-like habit; some species are evergreen. They mostly form rhizomes . Some species are xeromorphic . Photosynthesis is often carried out in the stem , as the leaves are often greatly reduced. The stalks are often divided into nodes and internodes (like the sweet grasses). The leaves are alternate.
Most taxa are dioeciously separated ( diocesan ), rarely monoecious . The male and female inflorescences often look different. The small, mostly unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite flowers are threefold and radially symmetrical to weakly zygomorphic . There are one or mostly two circles with each bract , so three or six. There may be one, two or three stamens per flower . Staminodes are sometimes present in the female flowers . There are usually three or less often one carpel / leaves per female or hermaphrodite flower .
There are cap fruits or nuts formed.
The fruits of many species usually only germinate after a bush fire , whereby the actual trigger (smoke or ash) is not known. Also, the germination rate is often rather low despite the appropriate environmental conditions, so that breeding is sometimes difficult.
Systematics and distribution
The Restionaceae family was established in 1810 by Robert Brown in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae , p. 243. The type genus is Restio Rottb. The botanical generic name Restio is derived from the Latin word restis for rope, this is a reference to the original use of some species, the fibers of which were used to make ropes and cords. The Restionaceae are therefore rarely referred to with the common German name rope grass plants .
Synonyms for Restionaceae R.Br. are: Ecdeiocoleaceae DFCutler & Airy Shaw , Anarthriaceae DFCutler & Airy Shaw. Since RF Thorne and JL Reveal 2007, taxa have belonged to the former family of the Elegiaceae Raf. today to the Restionaceae.
The Restionaceae family has a disjoint area in the southern hemisphere , which largely corresponds to the great continent of Gondwana . The family's oldest pollen finds come from the Upper Cretaceous .
In South Africa and Australia the Restionaceae occupy the ecological niches of the sweet grasses (Poaceae), rushes (Juncaceae) and sedge plants (Cyperaceae) in the natural vegetation . After colonization by the Europeans, they were consciously or unintentionally partially displaced by these groups of plants (for example to create pastureland). The original homeland of the taxa of the Restionaceae are the tropical and subtropical areas, or rarely the warm temperate areas, in southern Africa, Madagascar , Australia, Tasmania , New Zealand , in Southeast Asia , New Guinea , and in southern South America (only one species: Apodasmia chilensis ). Elegia fastigiata mast is considered to be extinct . , an endemic species of the Cape flora (South Africa).
The Restionaceae family includes 40 to 58 genera with 400 to 590 species (depending on whether individual authors separate genera into other families):
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- The family of Restionaceae in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
- The Restionaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson and MJDallwitz. (Section description)
- Guofang Wu, Kai Larsen: Restionaceae. , P. 2 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 . (Section description)
- AL Quirico, BG Briggs: Restionaceae. in New South Wales Flora online . (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Restionaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 7, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Restionaceae - data sheet at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI . Retrieved December 7, 2014.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names . 3. Edition. Nikol-Verlag (licensed edition), Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-149-9 , p. 532 .
- ^ A b Restionaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 7, 2014.}
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Restionaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 7, 2014.
- ↑ Species list for Anthochortus in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list on Askidiosperma in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list for Cannomois in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list for Ceratocaryum in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list for Hydrophilus in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list for Hypodiscus in the Red List of South African Plants
- ^ List of species for Mastersiella in the Red List of South African Plants
- ^ List of species on Nevillea in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list for Platycaulos in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list to Rhodocoma in the Red List of South African Plants
- ^ List of species for Staberoha in the Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ Species list for Thamnochortus in the Red List of South African Plants
- ^ List of species on Willdenowia in the Red List of South African Plants
Web links
- Brief information about the family. (engl.)
- Search for "Restionaceae" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .