Cymodoceaceae

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Cymodoceaceae
Cymodocea nodosa near Alicante

Cymodocea nodosa near Alicante

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Cymodoceaceae
Scientific name
Cymodoceaceae
Vines

Cymodoceaceae is a plant family in the order of the frog-spoon-like (Alismatales) within the monocotyledons (monocotyledons). They thrive in tropical to warm temperate seas around the world, with a focus on the seas around Australia. They grow like carpets on sandy to muddy seabeds. The species of this family, like species in different genera and families in the order of the frog-spoon-like, are also called " sea ​​grass ".

description

Illustration of Amphibolis antarctica
Cymodocea nodosa

Appearance and leaves

They are perennial, herbaceous plants . They grow underwater ( submersed ) and have a creeping, slender rhizome with roots that anchor them to the seabed. The stems are relatively short.

The alternate and two lines or spirally to almost constantly against arranged together or standing at the nodes leaves are sessile. There is a recognizable leaf sheath. The simple, elongated and mostly linear leaf blade is parallel-veined with a conspicuous main nerve.

Inflorescences and flowers

They are usually dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). In contrast to the majority of the frog-spoon-like species, there is no spathe (single bract) on the zymous inflorescences . In some species the flowers are solitary.

The relatively small, strongly reduced flowers are always unisexual. Bloom are not available. In the stalked, male flowers there are two, one or three stamens without stamens and sometimes three scales. In the sessile, female flowers there may be reduced bracts, which are designed as free segments or cup-shaped. The two free ( apocarpic ), upper carpels each contain only one hanging ovule . The two styluses each end in a thread-like scar. The pollination takes place via the water.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits can be shaped differently (nut-shaped) and always contain only one single seed. The seeds do not contain endosperm .

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number is x = 7.

Illustration of Cymodocea rotundata
Illustration of Thalassodendron ciliatum

Systematics

The Cymodoceaceae family was established by Sydney Howard Vines in 1895 . Type genus is Cymodocea K.D. Koenig .

The family Cymodoceaceae contains only six genera with about 16 species:

  • Amphibolis C. Agardh : The only two species thrive on the western and southern coasts of Australia:
  • Cymodocea K.D. Koenig (Syn .: Phycoschoenus (Asch.) Nakai ): The approximately four (to seven species) thrive on the coasts of the Old World. Only one species ( Cymodocea nodosa ) occurs in Europe.
  • Halodule Endl. (Syn .: Diplanthera Thouars non Gleditsch ): The six to seven species thrive in tropical to subtropical seas.
  • Oceana Byng & Christenh. : The genus was reorganized in 2018 with only one species:
    • Oceana serrulata (R.Br.) Byng & Christenh. (Syn .: Cymodocea serrulata (R.Br.) Asch. & Magnus ): It occurs on the coasts from the Red Sea to Madagascar and from tropical Asia to the islands of the southwestern Pacific.
  • Syringodium Kütz. (Syn .: Phycoschoenus (Ash.) Nakai ): Of the only two species, one occurs in the Caribbean Sea and one in the tropical western Pacific and in the Indian Ocean from Egypt to Mozambique.
  • Thalassodendron Hartog : There were originally only two species until a new species was described in 2012, they thrive on the coasts of the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and Australia and Palau .

swell

  • The family of the Cymodoceaceae on the AP website (section systematics and description).
  • The family of Cymodoceaceae at DELTA (section description).
  • Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Cymodoceaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , pp. 119 (English). , online , PDF file (section description, classification and distribution).
  • Robert R. Haynes: Cymodoceaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9 , pp. 86–89 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search). , online (section description, classification and distribution).
  • Henk Beentje: Flora of Tropical East Africa. Volume 205, Cymodoceaceae. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield 2002, ISBN 90-5809-403-0 , limited preview in Google Book Search - USA
  • Leslie Watson: Cymodoceaceae. In: Western Australian Herbarium (Ed.): FloraBase. The Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation 2008, online.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Cymodoceaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , pp. 119 (English). , online , PDF file .
  2. ^ Henk Beentje: Flora of Tropical East Africa. Volume 205, Cymodoceaceae. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield 2002, ISBN 90-5809-403-0 , limited preview in Google Book Search - USA
  3. ^ Sydney Howard Vines: A student's text-book of botany. Macmillan, London 1895, p. 553, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F21272313~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  4. ↑ Cymodoceaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 3, 2014.
  5. ↑ Cymodoceaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cymodoceaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 19, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Cymodoceaceae  - collection of images, videos and audio files