Incia lily family

Incia lily family
	Alstroemeria aurea in Chile
Systematics
Department :	Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Lily-like (Liliales)
Family :	Incia lily family
Scientific name
	Alstroemeriaceae
	Dumort.

The alstroemeriaceae (Alstroemeriaceae) are a plant family within the order of the lily-like (Liliales). The family Alstroemeriaceae is divided into two tribes and contains four genera with about 170 species , which are mainly distributed in the Neotropic and some species occur in New Zealand and Australia .

description

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine , panel 3033 by Alstroemeria pelegrina

Appearance and leaves

The Alstroemerieae are perennial herbaceous plants with rhizomes or tubers as persistence organs, or the Luzuriageae are more or less woody plants. There are a few species that are climbing plants .

The alternate foliage leaves, which are arranged in a spiral in the Alstroemerieae or in two rows in the Luzuriageae, but never in a rosette, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The relatively large leaves are resupinate as a special feature of this family, i.e. the leaf blade is twisted by about 180 degrees. The simple, flat leaf blade is parallel-veined and linear to lanceolate. The underside of the leaf is turned up and the leaf edge is smooth. The first macrofossil of the family, a leaf from the Miocene of New Zealand, also shows resupination (Conran et al. 2014).

View into a fruit of an Inca lily ( Alstroemeria spec.)

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers sit individually or in axillary or terminal, racemose or dold-like inflorescences (inflorescences) with leaf-like bracts .

The hermaphroditic, threefold flowers are radial symmetry in the Luzuriageae and mostly zygomorphic in the Alstroemerieae . The bracts are designed the same, therefore there are (2 × 3) six largely free or overgrown tepals , which in Alstroemerieae can be green, orange, red or pink and in Luzuriageae they are white. Nectar is secreted at the lower end of the tepals . There are two circles with three free stamens each . Three carpels are permanent or one at Alstroemerieae Upper constant at luzuriagaceae ovary grown with many ovules in most parietal placentation .

The flower formula is: or or or ${\ displaystyle \ downarrow}$ ${\ displaystyle \ star \; P_ {3 + 3}}$ ${\ displaystyle P _ {(3 + 3)} \; A_ {3 + 3} \; G _ {\ overline {(3)}}}$ ${\ displaystyle G _ {\ underline {(3)}}}$

Fruits and seeds

They form capsule fruits or sometimes berries . The seed coat (testa) is thin.

Systematics and distribution

Inflorescence from above with flowers in detail from Alstroemeria angustifolia

Flower and fruit cluster of Bomarea patinii

Inflorescence of the lion's paw ( Bomarea ovallei )

Drymophila cyanocarpa

Flower of Luzuriaga radicans

Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier established the family of Alstroemeriaceae in 1829 as part of the "Iridarieae". With Alstroemeria salsilla , the genus Alstroemeria was established by Carl von Linné in Planta Alströmeria in 1762 and named it in honor of his student Claes Alströmer (1736–1794); it is the type genus of the family.

The molecular genetic studies have led to the fact that the family boundaries within the order of the lily-like (Liliales) have shifted significantly. The species of the former Luzuriagaceae Lotsy family were incorporated into the Alstroemeriaceae family.

The following cladogram shows the relationships within the family of the Alstroemeriaceae and to the other families within the order of the Liliales.

Liliales

Alstroemeriaceae

	Luzuriageae

	Alstroemerieae

	Rhipogonaceae

	Philesiaceae

	Smilacaceae

	Liliaceae

The family Alstroemeriaceae is divided into two tribes and contains four genera with about 170 species :

Tribus Alstroemerieae Bernhardi : It contains only two genera with around 165 species in the Neotropic from the temperate to the tropical areas:
- Alstroemeria ( Alstroemeria L. , Syn .: Schickendantzia Pax , Taltalia Ehr.Bayer ): The approximately 126 species are used in the Neotropics.
- Bomarea ( Bomarea Mirb. , Syn .: Vandesia Salisb. , Collania Herb. Nom. Illeg., Sphaerine Herb. , Dodecasperma Raf. , Wichuraea M.Roem. , Danbya Salisb. , Leontochir Phil. ): The 100 to 110 species are distributed in the Neotropics from central Mexico and the Caribbean Islands to South America.

Three monotypical genera were dissolved from 1999, since the lion's paw Leontochir ovallei Phil. As Bomarea ovallei (Phil.) Ravenna to the genus Bomarea , Schickendantzia hieronymi Pax as Alstroemeria pygmaea Herb. and Taltalia graminea (Phil.) Ehr.Bayer was added to the genus Alstroemeria as Alstroemeria graminea Phil .

Tribus Luzuriageae Benth. & Hook. (Syn .: Luzuriagaceae Lotsy ): It contains only two genera with six species that occur with a disjoint area only in the southern hemisphere: from Peru to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands , in New Zealand and Australia (from New South Wales to Tasmania ):
- Drymophila R.Br. : The only two types are common in Australia:
  - Drymophila cyanocarpa R.Br. : It occurs from southeastern New South Wales to Tasmania.
  - Drymophila moorei Baker : It occurs only from southeastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales.
- Luzuriaga Ruiz & Pav. (Syn .: Enargea Banks ex Gaertn. ): It contains about four types:
  - Luzuriaga marginata (Gaertn.) Benth. & Hook. f. : It occurs in southern Chile , southern Argentina and the Falkland Islands .
  - Luzuriaga parviflora (Hook. F.) Kunth : It is common in New Zealand .
  - Luzuriaga polyphylla (Hook. F.) JFMacbr. (Syn .: Luzuriaga erecta Kunth ): It occurs only in southern Chile.
  - Luzuriaga radicans Ruiz & Pav .: It is common in southern and central Chile and southern Argentina.

use

Varieties from the genus Alstroemeria are used as ornamental plants , especially as cut flowers .

With some Bomarea species, the starchy, underground plant parts are eaten cooked.

literature

The family of Alstroemeriaceae in APWebsite . (Sections systematics and description)
The family of Alstroemeriaceae and the family of Luzuriagaceae at DELTA L. Watson and MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
Anton Hofreiter , RE Rodríguez: The Alstroemeriaceae in Peru and neighboring areas. In: Revistá Biología Peruana , Volume 13, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 1–62.
MC Assis, 2009: Neotropical Alstroemeriaceae. at Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
Juliana Chacón, M. Camargo de Assis, AW Meerow, Susanne S. Renner : From east Gondwana to Central America: Historical biogeography of the Alstroemeriaceae. In: Journal of Biogeography , Volume 39, Issue 10, 2012, pp. 1806-1818. Abstract.
John G. Conran, Jennifer M. Bannister, Dallas C. Mildenhall, Daphne E. Lee, Juliana Chacón, Susanne S. Renner: Leaf fossils of Luzuriaga and a monocot flower with in situ pollen of Liliacidites contortus Mildenh. & Bannister sp. nov. (Alstroemeriaceae) from the Early Miocene. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 101, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 141–155. Full text online. doi : 10.3732 / ajb.1300351

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c The family of the Alstroemeriaceae on the AP website .
↑ ^a ^b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 161, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 105-121.
↑ MF Fay, MW Chase, N. Ronsted, DS Devey, Y. Pillon, JC Pires, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, JI Davis: Phylogenetics of Liliales: summarized evidence from combined analyzes of five plastid and one mitochondrial loci . In: Aliso . tape 22 , 2006, p. 559-565 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c J. Chacón, M. Camargo de Assis, AW Meerow, Susanne S. Renner : From east Gondwana to Central America: Historical biogeography of the Alstroemeriaceae. In: Journal of Biogeography , Volume 39, Issue 10, 2012, pp. 1806-1818. Abstract.
↑ Alstroemeriaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ ^A ^b Andrea M. Sanso, Cecili: The Synonymy of Schickendantzia with Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae). In: Systematics and Geography of Plants , Volume 68, 1999, pp. 315-323.
↑ ^a ^b MC Assis, 2009: Neotropical Alstroemeriaceae. at Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
^ Anton Hofreiter: The genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) in Bolivia and southern South America. In: Harvard Papers in Botany , Volume 9, Issue 2, 2005, pp. 343-374.
↑ Anton Hofreiter: Leontochir: A synonym of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae)? In: Harvard Papers in Botany , Volume 11, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 53-60.
↑ Lone Aagesen, A. Mariel Sanso: The Phylogeny of the Alstroemeriaceae, Based on Morphology, rps16 Intron, and rbcL Sequence Data. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 47-69.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alstroemeriaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 22, 2020.
↑ Entries on Alstroemeriaceae in Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Alstroemeriaceae - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[APWeb-1] The family of the Alstroemeriaceae on the AP website .

[APGIII-2] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 161, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 105-121.

[Fay2006-3] MF Fay, MW Chase, N. Ronsted, DS Devey, Y. Pillon, JC Pires, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, JI Davis: Phylogenetics of Liliales: summarized evidence from combined analyzes of five plastid and one mitochondrial loci . In: Aliso . tape 22 , 2006, p. 559-565 .

[Chacón2012-4] J. Chacón, M. Camargo de Assis, AW Meerow, Susanne S. Renner : From east Gondwana to Central America: Historical biogeography of the Alstroemeriaceae. In: Journal of Biogeography , Volume 39, Issue 10, 2012, pp. 1806-1818. Abstract.

[GRIN-5] Alstroemeriaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Sanso1999-6] A ^b Andrea M. Sanso, Cecili: The Synonymy of Schickendantzia with Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae). In: Systematics and Geography of Plants , Volume 68, 1999, pp. 315-323.

[Neotropikey-7] MC Assis, 2009: Neotropical Alstroemeriaceae. at Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.

[Hofreiter2005-8] Anton Hofreiter: The genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) in Bolivia and southern South America. In: Harvard Papers in Botany , Volume 9, Issue 2, 2005, pp. 343-374.

[Hofreiter2006-9] Anton Hofreiter: Leontochir: A synonym of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae)? In: Harvard Papers in Botany , Volume 11, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 53-60.

[Aagesen2003-10] Lone Aagesen, A. Mariel Sanso: The Phylogeny of the Alstroemeriaceae, Based on Morphology, rps16 Intron, and rbcL Sequence Data. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 47-69.

[WCSP-11] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alstroemeriaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 22, 2020.

[PFAF-12] Entries on Alstroemeriaceae in Plants For A Future