Xyridaceae

Xyridaceae
	Xyris complanata
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Xyridaceae
Scientific name
	Xyridaceae
	C. Agardh

The Xyridaceae are a plant family within the order of the sweet grass (Poales). The five genera with 260 to 300 species are mainly found in the tropics and subtropics .

description

They are mostly perennial, rarely annual, herbaceous plants with rhizomes . The alternate leaves are concentrated in a basal leaf rosette or arranged in a spiral or two lines on the stem . The simple leaves are parallel-veined and have a smooth edge.

In ährigen , traubigen or capitate inflorescences with bracts (bracts), the flowers are summarized. The hermaphroditic, threefold flowers are radially symmetrical to strongly zygomorphic . The three (rarely two) sepals are of the same shape. The three petals are mostly yellow, more rarely white or blue. There are one or two circles with three free stamens each, in some taxa they are fused with the petals. In some taxa three stamens are reduced to staminodes . The staminodes of many Xyris species are like a petal. Three carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The stylus is divided into three parts, ending in one or three stigmas .

There are fruit capsules formed (rarely one to six) contain from 15 to 90 or more seeds. The mostly ribbed seeds are winged or wingless.

Systematics

Three-fold flower of Abolboda pulchella

Xyris jupicai

The family was Xyridaceae was first described in 1823 by Carl Adolph Agardh in Aphorismi Botanici 158 under the name "Xyrideae". The type genus is Xyris L.

The family Xyridaceae is divided into two subfamilies and contains five genera with 260 to about 400 species:

Subfamily Abolbodoideae: It contains four genera only in northern South America:
- Abolboda Bonpl. in humb. & Bonpl. : The approximately 22 species are distributed in humid habitats from Trinidad to tropical South America.
- Achlyphila Maguire & Wurdack : It contains only one species:
  - Achlyphila disticha Maguire & Wurdack : It occurs in southern Venezuela in the Sierra da la Neblina.
- Aratitiyopea Steyerm. : It contains only one type:
  - Aratitiyopea lopezii (LBSm.) Steyerm. & PEBerry : It occurs in two varieties from Venezuela to Peru.
    - Aratitiyopea lopezii var. Colombiana (LBSm.) Steyerm. & PEBerry : It occurs in Colombia.
    - Aratitiyopea lopezii var. Lopezii : It occurs from southern Venezuela to Peru.
- Orectanthe Maguire : The only two species are endemic to the Roraima tepui .
Subfamily Xyridoideae: It contains only one genus:
- Xyris L. (Syn .: Kotsjiletti Adans. , Ramotha Raf. , Schismaxon Steud. , Synoliga Raf. , Xuris Adans. , Xyroides Thouars ): The 225 to 380 species are in the tropics and subtropics all over the world and north to the United States spread.

photos

Orectanthe sceptrum

swell

The family of xyridaceae in APWebsite . (Sections systematics and description)
The Xyridaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson and MJDallwitz. (English)
HR Coleman: Xyris in the Western Australia Flora online . 2008.
Robert Kral: Xyridaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford, 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9 . (Section description)
Guofang Wu, Robert Kral: Xyridaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , p. 4. (Description section)
Michael Lock: Xyridaceae. In: Flora of Tropical East Africa. CRC Press, 1999, ISBN 90-6191-385-3 . Google Books
Lisa M. Campbell: Contributions towards a monograf of Xyridaceae: A revised nomenclature of Abolboda. In: Harvard Papers in Botany. Volume 10, Issue 2, 2005, pp. 137-145.

Individual evidence

↑ Xyridaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 7, 2014.
^ ^A ^b Xyridaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 7, 2014.}
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Xyridaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 17, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Xyridaceae - collection of images, videos, and audio files

USDA data sheet.

[Tropicos-1] Xyridaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 7, 2014.

[GRIN-2] A ^b Xyridaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 7, 2014.}

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Xyridaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 17, 2018.