Osterholz district

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 53 ° 15 '  N , 8 ° 49'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
Administrative headquarters :	Osterholz-Scharmbeck
Area :	650.81 km 2
Residents:	113,928 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	175 inhabitants per km 2
License plate :	OHZ
Circle key :	03 3 56
Circle structure:	11 municipalities
Address of the district administration:	District building I Osterholzer Straße 23 27711 Osterholz-Scharmbeck District building II Am Osterholze 2a 27711 Osterholz-Scharmbeck
Website :	www.landkreis-osterholz.de
District Administrator :	Bernd Lütjen ( SPD )
Location of the district of Osterholz in Lower Saxony

The district of Osterholz ( Lower German district of Oosterholt ) is located in northern Lower Saxony in the north-west metropolitan region . Its district town is Osterholz-Scharmbeck .

geography

location

The north and west of the district is shaped by the Osterholzer Geest , the east belongs to the lowlands of Hamme and Wümme with the Teufelsmoor, which has largely been cultivated since the 18th century . In the far west, the district extends with the Osterstader Marsch to the Weser.

structure

Communities

The number of inhabitants on December 31, 2019 in brackets.

Unified municipalities Grasberg (7783) Lilienthal (19,485) Osterholz-Scharmbeck , district town , independent municipality (30,256) Ritterhude (14,684) Schwanewede (20,421) Worpswede (9494)

Joint municipality with its member municipalities: Hambergen municipality (11,805) Axstedt (1192) Hambergen (administrative headquarters) (5637) Holste (1397) Luebberstedt (737) Vollersode (2842)

Former parishes

The following list contains all former municipalities that ever belonged to the Osterholz district.

Adolphsdorf Ahrensdorf Ahrensfelde Altenbrück Altendamm Ashwarden Aumund Barges Beckedorf Bergedorf Blumenthal Born series Brundorf Castle dam Buschhausen Buschhausen I. Buschhausen II Butendiek Dannenberg Eggestedt Eickedorf Erve Falkenberg Farge Feldhausen Frankenburg

Freißenbüttel Peace Home Funfhausen Garlstedt Giehle Giehlermoor Grass village Grohn Heidberg Heilsdorf Healing horn Heißenbüttel Hellingst Heudorf Hinnebeck Hülsenberg Hüttenbusch Hüttenbusch cattle Hut village Huxfeld Small bog Klostermoor Lesum Lesumstotel Leuchtenburg Lintel

Löhnhorst Lüninghausen Lüningsee Meinershagen Meinershausen Mevenstedt Meyenburg Middle bog Moor end Moorhausen Mooringen Myhle New Mooringen New St. Jürgen Neuendamm Neuenfelde Neuenkirchen Niederende-St. Jurgen North Sode Nordwede Top end Ohlenstedt Oldendorf Ostendorf Osterhagen-Ihlpohl Osterholz

Ostersode Osterwede Otterstein Ovelgönne Paddewish Pennigbuttel Advertising Wheel Rautendorf Sandbeckerbruch Sandhausen St. Jürgen St. Magnus Scharmbeck Scharmbeckstotel Schlussdorf Schmalenbeck Schönebeck Schrötersdorf Seamounts Seehausen Spreddig Cities Stendorf Streams Südwede

Teufelsmoor Troop Truperdeich Trupermoor Tüschendorf Over the top Cattle land Prejudice Waakhausen Wallhöfen Weinkaufsmoor Werschenrege Westerbeck Westerwede Weyerdeelen Weyermoor Winkelmoor Wiste Woerpedahl Worpedorf Worphausen Worpheim Wührden-Mittelbauer

Neighboring areas

The district borders clockwise to the north, beginning with the districts of Cuxhaven , Rotenburg (Wümme) and Verden (all in Lower Saxony), the urban area of Bremen (and thus the state of Bremen ) and the Wesermarsch district (west of the Weser , again in Lower Saxony).

Historical and institutional catchment areas

In terms of historical development, the Osterholz district is part of the former Bremen-Verden territory , which stretched across the Elbe-Weser triangle . In addition to the Osterholz district , this includes the current districts of Cuxhaven , Rotenburg (Wümme) , Stade and Verden . Many catchment areas of ecclesiastical, cultural, societal or social institutions such as the Chamber of Commerce, Protestant church district , landscape association and others are still based on the borders of this historical area. The territory of Bremen-Verden later formed a continuity with the Landdrostei Stade and the administrative district of Stade . The latter disappeared in 1978 in the enlarged administrative district of Lüneburg, which had also no longer existed in 2004 .

climate

Osterholz district
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     3 -2     4th -2     8th 1     13 3     18th 7th     21st 11     22nd 12     22nd 12     19th 9     14th 6th     8th 3     5 0 Temperature in ° C Source: DWD, data: 1971–2000

Osterholz district Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3 4th 8th 13 18th 21st 22nd 22nd 19th 14th 8th 5 O 13.1 Min. Temperature (° C) −2 −2 1 3 7th 11 12 12 9 6th 3 0 O 5 Temperature (° C) 0.5 1 4.5 8th 12.5 16 17th 17th 14th 10 5.5 2.5 O 9.1 Source: DWD, data: 1971–2000

history

→ Main article : History of Osterholz-Scharmbeck

Founding and development until 1939

The district takes its name Osterholz thanks to the former monastery (1184-1650) in the county seat, the basilica as a monastery church of St. Mary is preserved. Until the Thirty Years War, the monastery, like the neighboring Lilienthal monastery, was part of the Archbishopric of Bremen , which later became part of the Duchy of Bremen-Verden in a secularized manner . In the course of secularization, offices emerged from the monasteries and became official political communities in the Electorate of Hanover from 1719 . From 1823 the Osterholz office and the Lilienthal office were part of the Landdrostei Stade in the Kingdom of Hanover .

A district of Osterholz , also known as the steering committee , was founded on October 1, 1867 from the former Hanover offices of Osterholz , Blumenthal and Lilienthal for military and tax administration purposes. General administration remained a matter for the old offices. After the Landdrostei Stade was converted to the new administrative district of Stade on April 1, 1885, the Osterholz district was formed from the offices of Osterholz and Lilienthal within the framework of the new district regulations for the province of Hanover. The Blumenthal office together with parts of the Hagen office now formed the Blumenthal district .

The Osterholz district initially comprised 109 communities, of which a larger number was incorporated into larger neighboring communities in the 1920s due to their small population. In addition, in 1927 the churches were Osterholz , Scharmbeck , Bargten , Ahrensfelde and sand Beckerbruch the spots together Osterholz-Scharmbeck, which received its charter on 25 October 1929th

During the Prussian district reform of 1932, the Blumenthal and Osterholz districts were combined into a new and larger district of Osterholz . The number of parishes in the district was reduced in 1936 and 1937 through a series of mergers. With the communities of Aumund , Blumenthal , Farge , Grohn , Lesum and Schönebeck , the district of Osterholz had to surrender part of the old district of Blumenthal to the city of Bremen on November 1, 1939 , thereby losing a large part of the inhabitants that had been gained in 1932.

National Socialist rule until 1945

In Löhnhorst (today part of the community Schwanewede ), the Hohehorst des Lebensborn home was operated during the National Socialist era . During the Nazi era, the Farge / Schwanewede area was dominated by naval armaments and forced labor . For the construction of three major military construction projects for the navy  - two large tank farms and the “Valentin” submarine bunker - up to 12,000 people were employed here at times. While German workers and volunteers recruited abroad were mainly employed before the Second World War , foreign forced laborers were added after the war began . In the course of the war, Gestapo prisoners from the Farge labor education camp and prisoners of war from the Stalag XB Sandbostel were also deployed on the large construction site . In Schwanewede, on the grounds of the Farge tank farm, there was also a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp , in which concentration camp inmates were held for the construction of the “Valentin” submarine bunker . The documentation and learning location Baracke Wilhelmine in the Schwaneweder district of Neuenkirchen is a reminder of this. There was another satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Lübberstedt-Bilohe. The 500 women from Hungary deployed there originally came from the Auschwitz concentration camp and had to work in the ammunition manufacture at the Lübberstedt air ammunition facility (MUNA). The MUNA Lübberstedt working group has dealt with the history of the subcamp and the forced labor in the main air ammunition facility. Until 2009 there was a Bundeswehr depot on the MUNA site.

post war period

The regional reform in Lower Saxony began for the district of Osterholz in 1968, when Eickedorf , Grasberg and Wörpedorf were merged to form a new municipality of Grasberg. A comprehensive regional reform was carried out by the law on the reorganization of the communities in the Osterholz / Wesermünde area on March 1, 1974. The district area was enlarged by the fact that the Weser island Harriersand and the Hammelwarder Sand area from the Wesermarsch district and the communities Axstedt and Lübberstedt from the Wesermünde district came to the district of Osterholz. At the same time, numerous community mergers created the division of the district into the city of Osterholz-Scharmbeck and ten other communities.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the villages of Wilstedter Moor and Tarmstedter Moor from the Rotenburg (Wümme) district were incorporated into Grasberg.

Population development

The figures in the following tables come from the more detailed table of the former Stade administrative district , the sources given there and the municipal directory from 1900 and for 1904 from the Chronicle of Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

Population up to 1970	1890	1900	1904	1910	1925	1933	1939	1950	1961	1969	1970
Blumenthal	22,547	30,353		39,535	43.104
Osterholz	28,232	29.205	29,471	31,284	32,545	80.216	41,529	73,407	71,643	80,600	82.191

Population from 1980	1980	1987	1990	1998	2002	2006	2012
Osterholz	93,700	94.196	96,000	108.084	111.992	112,498	110,816

Area (km²)	1900	1932	1950	2000	2012
Blumenthal	175
Osterholz	478	653	620	651	651

Religions

Christianity

Traditionally, the area of ​​today's Osterholz district is evangelical-Lutheran . The parishes belong to the regional church of Hanover . Especially after the war, large Catholic parishes have formed, which belong to the diocese of Hildesheim , due to the influx of many expellees, guest workers from southern Europe and repatriates from east-central and eastern Europe . Due to the high number of people leaving the church, both large Christian churches are subject to restructuring processes.

Furthermore, members of free churches , Jehovah's Witnesses , Jews , Muslims and atheists live in the district .

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census, 55.8% of the population were Protestant and 6.4% Roman Catholic at the beginning of 2011 . 37.8% belonged to other denominations or religious communities or were non-denominational . The total number of Protestants at the end of 2018 was 51,866 (45.6%) out of a total population of 113,517. In 2019 the number of members fell to 51,697 (45.4%) with a total of 113,928 inhabitants.

politics

District council

District election 2016

in percent

 %

40

30th

20th

10

0

32.96

30.82

12.28

1.10

2.73

5.51

3.67

n. k.

9.15

0.47

1.26

SPD

CDU

Green

Flat share

FDP

left

BF

DL

AfD

NPD

Lateral thinker

Gains and losses

compared to 2011

 % p

 10

   8th

   6th

   4th

   2

   0

  -2

  -4

  -6

  -8th

-5.07

+1.68

-6.41

-1.27

+0.69

+1.97

-0.11

-2.37

+9.15

+0.47

+1.26

SPD

CDU

Green

Flat share

FDP

left

BF

DL

AfD

NPD

Lateral thinker

Distribution of seats in the district council

3

15th

6th

2

1

14th

1

4th

3 15th 6th 2 1 14th 1 4th 

A total of 46 seats

• Left : 3
• SPD : 15
• Greens : 6
• BF : 2
• FDP : 1
• CDU : 14
• CROSS-THINKERS : 1
• AfD : 4

Parties and constituencies		Percent 2016	Seats 2016	Percent 2011	Seats 2011	Percent 2006	Seats 2006	Percent 2001	Seats 2001
SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany	32.96	15th	38.03	17th	43.33	20th	42.61	21st
CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	30.82	14th	29.14	13	33.43	15th	33.36	16
Green	Alliance 90 / The Greens	12.28	6th	18.96	9	9.70	5	6.96	4th
FDP	Free Democratic Party	2.73	1	2.04	1	6.47	3	5.21	2
left	The left	5.51	3	3.54	2	2.86	1
Flat share	Community of voters	1.10	0	2.37	1	2.11	1	4.12	3
BF	Citizens Group	3.67	2	3.78	2	1.46	1	2.69	1
DL	THE LILIENTHALER			2.37	1
WSH	Voting community for the Hambergen community					0.61	0	1.23	0
	Single nomination Asmus							0.11	0
REP	The Republicans							1.01	0
UWG / UKA	Independent voter community Worpswede / Independent local political working group Hambergen							1.55	0
UWG	Independent voter community							1.08	0
AfD	Alternative for Germany	9.15	4th
NPD	National Democratic Party of Germany	0.47	0
Lateral thinker	Voting group lateral thinkers Lilienthal	1.26	1
total		100	46	100	46	100	46	100	46
Turnout in percent		55.82		52.09		53.01		57.21

Last local election on September 11, 2016

The next local election in Lower Saxony will take place in September 2021.

District administrators and (senior) district directors

	District Administrator		from		to		Political party	out
1.	August Lange	June 11th	1945	-	the 14th of March	1946	SPD	Osterholz-Scharmbeck
2.	Louis Biester	March, 15	1946	-	October 31	1946	SPD	Teufelsmoor (location)
3.	Wilhelm Ahrens	November 1st	1946	-	March 31	1949	NLP / DP	Lilienthal
4th	Johann Christian Evers	April 1st	1949	-	May 4th	1964	DP	Ritterhude
5.	Hinrich Winters	8th June	1964	-	January 14th	1968	CDU	Lilienthal
6th	Walter Schlueter	15. January	1968	-	20th November	1972	SPD	Osterholz-Scharmbeck
7th	Heinrich Blanke	30th of November	1981	-	20th November	1991	CDU	Grasberg
8th.	Ludwig Waetjen	21st November	1991	-	December 31	2004	SPD	Osterholz-Scharmbeck
9.	Jörg Mielke	January 1st	2005	-	19th of February	2013	Independent / SPD	Osterholz-Scharmbeck
10.	Bernd Luetjen	September 27th	2013	-	September 27th	2021	SPD	Hambergen

Since January 1, 2005, Jörg Mielke was the first elected district administrator since the introduction of the "single track" administration in the Osterholz district. On November 11, 2011, he was re-elected with 85.46 percent of the vote (2004: 62.26%); In contrast to 2004, there were two opposing candidates: Oliver Koller (FDP 8.39%) and Norbert Weber (Die Linke 5.96%). His election was supported by the SPD in 2004 and by the SPD and CDU in 2011. Jörg Mielke has headed the State Chancellery in Hanover since February 19, 2013 . His successor, Bernd Lütjen, was elected at the same time as the federal election on September 22, 2013 with 56.92% and has been in office since September 27, 2013 and can stand for re-election after eight years in 2021 . His deputies are Tim Jesgarzewski (SPD), Brunhilde Rühl (CDU) and André Hilbers (GREEN).

(Senior) District Directors

	(Senior) District Directors	from			to
1.	Hinrich Horstmann	June 21st	1946	-	October 31	1946
2.	Otto Stegemann	6th January	1947	-	December 31	1953
3.	Hermann Brünjes (acting head of office)	January 1st	1954	-	30. September	1954
4th	Jasper-Wilhelm Gottschalk	January 1st	1954	-	30th May	1974
5.	Hans-Dieter von Friedrichs	June 1st	1974	-	December 31	2004

coat of arms

The municipal coat of arms was awarded to the Osterholz district on April 25, 1936.

Blazon : "On wavy blue sign foot , in a horizontal, right beard of upstream silver keys , silver a black Torfkahn with sailing ."

Foundation of the coat of arms: The district area consists of a third of moorland. These were cultivated and settled around 200 years ago. The people living there have been mining the moor for decades and selling the peat obtained in this way as fuel. The peat barge was used for transport with a sail blackened with tar and fat. The peat barge was led through a widely branched canal system into the local rivers such as Hamme , Wörpe and Wümme and from there on over the Lesum into the Weser . The Stader key is intended to symbolize the fact that the local district area was part of the administrative district of Stade from the middle of the 17th century until 1978 . The coat of arms can also be derived from the coat of arms of the Archbishopric of Bremen .

Partnerships

• Since April 2006 there has been a partnership with the Polish district of Marienwerder ( Powiat Kwidzyński ). Both circles have established a connection via the EU project Baltic Rural Broadband , which deals with the expansion of broadband technology in rural areas. Around 80,200 inhabitants live in Kwidzyn on around 834 km², around half of them in the town of the same name.
• The district is represented in the Lower Saxony / Bremen municipal association.

Culture and sights

Natural monuments and protected areas

In addition to landscape protection areas and natural monuments, there are 17 designated nature reserves in the district (as of February 2017).

See also:

• List of nature reserves in the Osterholz district
• List of landscape protection areas in the district of Osterholz
• List of natural monuments in the district of Osterholz
• List of protected landscape components in the district of Osterholz

Museums

→ Main article : List of museums in the Osterholz district

Institutions

• Landschaftsverband Stade , registered association for the maintenance of cultural institutions

Economy and Infrastructure

In the shadow of the regional center of Bremen , it was already established in 1970 that the Osterholz district had lagged behind the industrial development of other Lower Saxony districts, including a consequence of the regional reform of 1939 with the abandonment of the more developed communities (Aumund, Blumenthal, Farge, Grohn, Lesum and Schönebeck) 75% of the industry was lost to Bremen. Due to the lack of location requirements and the proximity to Bremen, the Osterholz district has not been able to compensate for this loss to this day.

According to the regional ranking of the Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM) in 2009, the district was 98th out of 409 districts examined for purchasing power and 391th for economic output; d. H. 16,576 euros per inhabitant in terms of gross domestic product are below average compared to the national average of 28,534 euros. In Lower Saxony this means 44 out of 46 ranks.

It is therefore u. a. relied on tourism concepts, especially in Teufelsmoor , as there is still potential for growth here; the district with 1.1 guests per inhabitant only ranks 372 out of 391 districts examined. This is rank 40 out of 46 districts in Lower Saxony.

Because of its proximity to Bremen, the district of Osterholz is a so-called conurbation; in particular, the neighboring communities of Schwanewede, Ritterhude and Lilienthal have been able to increase their population numbers considerably by moving in from Bremen.

Unemployment and social statistics

The Osterholz district is one of the option municipalities . The care of the long-term unemployed under unemployment benefit II is not provided by the employment agency , but by the district. The promotion and placement of this group of people is carried out by ProArbeit , a communal institution under public law (kAöR), the performance and basic security by the municipalities of the district. In November 2007, 2,108 (64.7%) of a total of 3,259 unemployed were dependent on ALG II.

Unemployment rate

The district's labor market is closely linked to the economic development in Bremen, as many of the district's residents commute to Bremen . The commuter rate is −14.4%.

The district's unemployment rate generally follows the federal trend:

• 2003: 7.6%
• 2005: 9.4%
• 2008: 5.8%
• May 2014: 4.5%

The breakdown by gender gives z. For example, for January 2006, of 4,976 unemployed, 2,706 (54.4%) were men and 2,270 (45.6%) women. The number of reported vacancies ranges between 300 and 350; so it was in May 2014: 348.

In June 2010, 10% of the unemployed were under 25, broken down by age group; 30% were 50 years or older; 9.8% came from abroad: 3.5% were considered severely disabled.

Healthcare

The district town of Osterholz-Scharmbeck and the community of Lilienthal are locations for acute hospitals. In Osterholz-Scharmbeck this is the Osterholz district hospital , in Lilienthal there are the residence clinics , which were formerly owned by the church and have now been taken over by a private institution after insolvency proceedings.

traffic

Street

The A 27 motorway runs through the district in a south-north direction from Walsrode via Bremen, Ritterhude and Schwanewede to Bremerhaven and Cuxhaven .

railroad

• Ritterhude , Osterholz-Scharmbeck , Lübberstedt and Hambergen lie on the Bremen – Bremerhaven railway line from south to north .
• In Osterholz-Scharmbeck, the Stade – Osterholz-Scharmbeck railway, operated by the railways and transport companies Elbe-Weser , branches off in the direction of Worpswede , Bremervörde and Stade , which is currently only used for tourism by the so-called Moorexpress .
• Schwanewede is affected by the Farge-Vegesacker railway in the Beckedorf district . Due to the naval railway, the place itself had several train stations for passenger traffic. For years, however, the route was only used by the Bundeswehr . On December 16, 2007, as part of the preparations for the Bremen / Lower Saxony Regional S-Bahn, local public transport on the route with diesel multiple units was resumed. The line was electrified in 2011. With the exception of individual journeys during rush hour, transfer-free travel options are available to Bremen main station and Verden.

tram

• The community of Lilienthal has been connected to the Bremen tram network with line 4 since August 1, 2014 .

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive sign OHZ when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . It is still issued today.

literature

• Jens Murken: "The story is like a lie to tell, but what is it ...". The district of Osterholz 1932–1948. Conversation with contemporary history . Agenda-Verlag, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-89688-047-0
• Johann Segelken: Osterholz-Scharmbecker Heimatbuch . 1934; 4th edition: Saade, Osterholz-Scharmbeck 1987, ISBN 3-922642-18-7
• District administration Osterholz (Ed.): The district of Osterholz . Stalling, Oldenburg 1970

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Osterholz  - Collection of images

• Website of the district of Osterholz

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ^ The district of Osterholz. (PDF; 22.5 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Website Landkreis Osterholz. 2006, archived from the original on September 27, 2007 ; accessed on April 20, 2019 . 
3. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
4. ↑ ^{a b} data on the Osterholz district at territorial.de.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Osterholz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ ^{a b} table: municipalities in Hanover.
7. ^ German weather service: Climate information Osterholz. World Meteorological Organization, accessed January 4, 2013 . 
8. ^ District regulations for the province of Hanover (1884).
9. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia: Province of Hanover Verlag des Prussian State Statistical Office, 1930.
10. ^ Prussian State Ministry, § 72, Ordinance on the reorganization of rural districts. August 1, 1932 Prussian Law Collection, Berlin 1932; No. 43 (Formation of the new district of Osterholz) , R. von Deckers Verlag, G. Schenk, 1932.
11. ↑ Fourth ordinance on the rebuilding of the Reich of September 28, 1939.
12. ^ Family Lahusen. ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
13. ^ Bunker Valentin.
14. ↑ Website - documentation and learning location barrack wilhelmine
15. ↑ Guided tours through the former MUNA Lübberstedt
16. ^ Rüdiger Kahrs: The evacuation of the subcamp Lübberstedt near Bremen to Ostholstein 1945. An event sketch digitized
17. ↑ Use of the MUNA Lübberstedt after 1945
18. ^ Law on the amalgamation of the communities of Eickedorf, Grasberg and Wörpedorf. December 28, 1967.
19. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the communities in the Osterholz / Wesermünde area. June 13, 1973.
20. ^ Chronicle of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, Volume I. From the beginning to 1929. Ed. Stadt Osterholz-Scharmbeck, p. 251.
21. ↑ Population in regional comparison by religion. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
22. ↑ More and more people are leaving the church. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
23. ↑ Fewer church members
24. ↑ District Osterholz - overall results of the district election 2016. In: Website Zweckverband Kommunale Datenverarbeitung Oldenburg (KDO). September 11, 2016, accessed July 9, 2020 . 
25. ↑ District Council. In: Website of the district of Osterholz. Retrieved July 9, 2020 . 
26. ↑ ^{a b} Erich Dieter Lindner, Günter Olzog: The German districts - coat of arms, history, structure . Günter Olzog Verlag, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7892-7278-7 , p. 177 .
27. ↑ ^{a b c d} Regional ranking: Profile Osterholz. ( Memento from April 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Initiative New Social Market Economy 2009.
28. ↑ ^{a b} Employment Agency
29. ^ Integration report for the Osterholz district. The district administrator of March 28, 2008.
30. ^ ^{A b} Regional information - statistics of the Federal Employment Agency. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
31. ↑ statistik.arbeitsagentur.de
32. ↑ Osterholzer Kreisblatt No. 150 of July 1, 2010, unemployed: pink numbers in the Osterholz district. by Robert Schuhmann, p. 1.
33. ^ Protestant press service : Bremen investor and doctors take over Martins hospital in Lower Saxony. ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) February 13, 2009.