Hohehorst manor house

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Front of the mansion (2010)

The Hohehorst mansion , also called Hohehorst Castle , is a mansion on Gut Hohehorst near Schwanewede-Löhnhorst in Bremen Switzerland . It was built in 1928/1929 by the industrialist G. Carl Lahusen as the country and summer residence of his family and went into bankruptcy in 1931 after the collapse of the Nordwolle group operated by the Lahusen family . During the National Socialist era it was used as a Lebensborn home and, in the post-war period , as a hospital , among other things . Until August 2014 the building served as a therapy center for drug addicts .

Rear view of the mansion (2011)

history

Access with gate system and gatehouses (2010)
Lantern attachments of the gate pillars (2010)
Artificial grotto in the park area (2011)
View of the bathing pond with hut (2011)

Mansion, mansion

In 1869 a country villa was built in the "English style" , the so-called Schloss Hohehorst in Bremen Switzerland on the "Gut Hohehorst". The north-east adjoining Gut Karlshorst and the northern Gut Heidhof (580 ha ) also belonged to the overall complex. Today the federal motorway 27 runs between Hohehorst and Karlshorst.

The industrialist Carl Lahusen ( North Wool ) had the castle demolished and the new Hohehorst manor house built from 1928 to 1929 as his family's summer residence at a cost of three million Reichsmarks. The large park area was created in Löhnhorst , now part of the Schwanewede community . The planning and construction measures were led by the architect Otto Blendermann . In addition to seven architects, eight sculptors, four painters and six masters of the arts and crafts took part. The manor house consisted of 107 rooms (if you count all basement and floor spaces) and 12 bathrooms. The property included a park and an estate. Around 80/90 park workers were employed to maintain the facilities. The "castle" was equipped with the latest technology at the time. All rooms were equipped with a telephone connection, including the children's rooms.

After the bankruptcy of the Nordwolle Group , with losses between 180 and 240 million Reichsmarks, Carl Lahusen was liable in 1931 with his private assets and all real estate. The Hohehorst manor house with all its facilities was also auctioned. In September 1934, the Lesum district court awarded the contract for the Hohehorst estate with the manor house of the Bremer Landesbank for 500,050 Reichsmarks and at the end of 1934 for the Karlshorst estate (249 ha) for 100,000 Reichsmarks. Gut Heidhof was largely taken over by the Prussian Treasury. In August 1935, the Reichsumsiedlungsgesellschaft mbH Berlin (Ruges) acquired the Hohehorst-Karlshorst estate along with all the buildings and inventory.

Lebensborn

In 1937 the SS- owned organization Lebensborn bought the property for 60,000 Reichsmarks. That corresponded to about a tenth of the market value . The villa was rebuilt and opened in early 1938 as "Heim Friesland", a maternity and maternity home for around 34 mothers and 45 children. The home was primarily available for the Nazi celebrities. Because of the increasing bombing raids on Bremen, some of the residents were evacuated to a Bavarian home in 1941 and an auxiliary hospital was set up for women members of the Wehrmacht. The Lebensbornheim continued to operate from 1944 until the end of the war. In the summer of 1945, the famous American photographer Robert Capa visited the home and published a photo series in the American magazine LIFE .

post war period

British troops occupied the area in early May 1945. The area was taken over by the US Army, who set up a casino in the main building. Refugees and bombed-out families lived in the outbuildings.

hospital

The Red Cross (DRK) leased the site in 1948 and established a TB sanatorium by 1954. After it was vacant, the city ​​of Bremen became the owner in 1958 and turned Hohehorst into a clinic for internal medicine. The Hohehorst Specialist Hospital for Internal Diseases was incorporated into the internal clinic of the Bremen-North Central Hospital as an external department in 1972 and closed in 1978 for economic reasons.

1981 took over the drug help Bremen e. V. as leaseholder of the facilities.

Therapy center

The HOHEHORST gGmbH , partner is the drug help Bremen e. V. , offered outpatient and inpatient care in the field of medical rehabilitation in Hohehorst as a therapy center in Hohehorst until August 2014 .

today

Both the manor house and the park are under monument protection.

After the therapy center was closed, the mansion was inhabited by students, who were given affordable living space here according to the principle of " guarding by living" and in return protected the building from vandalism and decay.

On August 23, 2016, the site and all its properties were sold by the City of Bremen to Gut Hohehorst GmbH & Co KG , whose sole shareholder is Bremen-based STEFESpro GmbH.

The entire site has not been open to the public since May 2018.

Museum reception

The Northwest German Museum for Industrial Culture on the former North Wool factory site in Delmenhorst , which is primarily dedicated to the history of the North Wool and Lahusen entrepreneurial family and industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries, also deals with the history of the Hohehorst manor in a smaller exhibition area and its uses as a country estate and Lebensborn home.

Since August 2007 there has been an exhibition project sponsored by the community of Schwanewede in the Wilhelmine barracks (at the barracks in Schwanewede) of the Neuenkirchen Heimatverein on Lebensborn - Haus Friesland and the Nazi history of the region.

Since June 2010 there has been an exhibition in one of the two gatehouses on the building history of the manor house and the history of the Lahusen family.

literature

  • Werner Hegemann : Otto Blendermann, Bremen. In: Wasmuth's monthly magazine for architecture . Year: 14 (1930), No. 2, ZDB -ID 208343-7 , pp. 77-82 (contains, among other things, several images and floor plans of the Hohehorst manor; the magazine is freely available online as a PDF download from the KOBV : urn : nbn : de: kobv: 109-opus-8458 ).
  • Dorothee Schmitz-Köster : The secret of Hohehorst. A Lebensborn home at the gates of Bremen. Radio feature. Radio Bremen , Bremen 1996.
  • Dorothee Schmitz-Köster: "German mother, are you ready ..." Everyday life in Lebensborn. 1st edition. Aufbau-Verlag , Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-351-02464-9 (contains, among other things, extensive reports on “everyday life in Lebensbornheim 'Friesland' in Hohehorst” with interviews with former employees, mothers and children).
  • Dennis Krumwiede: The Lebensborn. Help in life as a race policy. The example of the “Friesland” home. Bachelor thesis, University of Hildesheim , Hildesheim 2007.
  • Nils Aschenbeck , Ilse Windhoff: St. Magnus, Schönebeck Castle, Hohehorst (=  country houses and villas in Bremen , Volume 2). Verlag Aschenbeck Media, Bremen 2009, ISBN 978-3-939401-33-9 (illustrated book).
  • Dorothee Schmitz-Köster: "German mother, are you ready ..." The Lebensborn and his children. 1st edition, expanded and revised edition. Structure Taschenbuch Verlag , Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7466-7085-0 (contains, among other things, extensive - as well as partly expanded and / or newly edited - reports on "Everyday life in Lebensbornheim 'Friesland' in Hohehorst" with interviews with former employees, Mothers and children).

Web links

Commons : Herrenhaus Hohehorst  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Irmela and Hans Gehrke and Jörg Preuß: Family Lahusen, Rise and Fall of a Family of the German Bourgeoisie ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-user.uni-bremen.de
  2. ↑ a b Frankfurter Zeitung on October 25, 1934: Foreclosure auction of the Lahusen properties
  3. ↑ Berliner Tageblatt on July 10, 1931: The Lahusen on Hohehorst
  4. ^ Frankfurter Zeitung on December 5, 1934: Foreclosure auction of Lahusen goods
  5. ↑ Frankfurter Zeitung on August 27, 1935: Reich resettlement company acquires the former Lahusen possessions
  6. ↑ Life, August 13, 1945, p. 37. Quoted from Bjǿrn Sǿrensen: From "super babies" and "Nazi bastards" to victims finding a voice , In: Bhaskar Sarkar and Janet Walker (eds.): Documentary Testimonies. Global Archives of Suffering , pp. 115–134, text also digital: here .- Klaus Honnef and Ursula Breymayer: Ende und Anfang, photographs in Germany around 1945 , exhibition catalog Deutsches Historisches Museum Berlin, 1995, pp. 128, 200.
  7. ↑ Godehard Weyerer: Behind the facade - the manor house of Hohehorst in Lower Saxony. In: Country report. Deutschlandradio Kultur, March 9, 2010, accessed on September 11, 2010 .
  8. ^ History of the Bremen-Nord Clinic
  9. ↑ Hohehorst says goodbye. Hohehorst.de, July 14, 2014, archived from the original on October 6, 2014 ; accessed on September 22, 2014 .
  10. ^ Michael Hahn: Interim use of real estate. Students as house guards. In: UniSPIEGEL. spiegel.de, September 22, 2014, accessed on September 22, 2014 .
  11. ↑ FSVO of August 24, 2016 p 2
  12. ↑ Pictures from the exhibition

Coordinates: 53 ° 12 ′ 43.3 "  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 10.6"  E