History of Osterholz-Scharmbeck

The story of Osterholz-Scharmbeck deals with the chronology and history of the city of Osterholz-Scharmbeck and, in part, of the district of Osterholz , insofar as the two cannot be separated, since both as the city organization and the district organization must share the same city.

If other higher-level events or places in the district or the surrounding area are mentioned, then only to explain relevant processes for Osterholz-Scharmbeck. The focus is on the district town of Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

Run of the Scharmbeck brook and the Hamme from the Lange Heide into the Teufelsmoor to the confluence with the Lesum

Ancient: 480,000 BC Until 1000 BC Chr.

Timetable	Ancient: 480,000 BC Until 1000 BC Chr.
480,000-430,000 BC Chr.	Magpie Ice Age
237,000-183,000 BC Chr.	Saale ice age
121,000-20,000 BC Chr.	Vistula ice age
20,000–12,000 BC Chr.	"Melting time" (but is usually added to the Vistula ice time).
12,000 BC Chr.	Settlement begins on the Geest
10,000 BC Chr.	Bell Beaker Culture
4000-2000 BC Chr.	Funnel beaker culture : erection of the large stone graves in Hünenstein
1800-700 BC Chr.	Settlement by Germanic Chauken .
1000 BC Chr.	First development of the peripheral moors by stick paths.

Geest and Moor

After the last ice age 12,000 BC The glacial valleys of the Weser and Hamme began to silt up and silt up. The postponed and abandoned sand areas of the glaciers are now called geest . The Osterholzer Geest is a sub-area of ​​the Stader Geest , with which the area between the mouth of the Weser and Elbe is designated because it is largely occupied by the administrative district of Stade . In contrast to the southern Lüneburg Heath , the Geest is a lowland area with numerous moors and meadows that formed on the edges and in the depressions of the Geest.

From these moors developed around 1000 BC. The later raised bogs and thus also the Teufelsmoor . Only individual mountain peaks , such as Wingst (74 m), Westerberg (63 m), Lohberg (42 m) near Stade and Weyerberg (50 m) tower above the flat landscape. The area is divided into the eastern Zevener Geest and the western Osterholzer Geest by the Hamme- Oste lowlands and was originally relatively difficult to access due to the peripheral moors.

On the one hand, the Geestrücken offered itself as a safe settlement area: the town center of Osterholz-Scharmbeck itself lies on the Geest, and to the east is the Hammeniederung with the old village of Teufelsmoor and the old moor colonies of Neuenfelde, Altenbrück, Ahrensfelde, Altendamm and Niedersandhausen . On the other hand, this resulted (almost inevitably ) in the line Ritterhude -Osterholz-Scharmbeck - Bremervörde - Gnarrenburg - Stade , to be expressed in later settlements , which still depicts the Geestrücken today, where the area could be passed. (This line is ultimately followed by the Moorexpress and large parts of the federal highway 74 , whereby the “passage” forms a kind of “bottleneck”, especially at Gnarrenburg; in the past a good reason to build a castle there.)

The Geest is also of economic importance due to the large deposits of pure construction sand , which today can be extracted from above ground in open-cast mining, which, for example, has already led to the creation of the Ohlenstedter spring lakes . Due to the relatively large differences in altitude (about 45 to 4  m above sea level ), the high ridge gives the draining waters a high flow speed, the energy of which in streams such as the Scharmbecker Bach , Wienbeck or the Mühlenbach could be used for water mills of all kinds.

First settlement

The settlement history of the area goes back to the Neolithic . Around 10,000 BC BC fishermen , hunters and gatherers roamed the Osterholzer Geest and the adjacent moors; Their presence is evidenced by the numerous finds of chip knives and arrowheads , which are exhibited, for example, in the Osterholz local history museum . Some of these early visitors to the Geest were verifiably settled as traces of primitive agriculture (e.g. axes) have been found in numerous excavations . Obvious evidence of the settlement is around 2000 BC. A large stone grave, an impressive stone grave at today's Osterholzer Straße in the city center of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, was built . This well-preserved chamber grave , called Hünenstein or Hünengrab , is dated to an age of around 4000 years.

A number of other burial mounds from the Bronze Age can be found in the Garlstedt district . The most impressive find in one of these burial mounds is probably the Garlstedter Lure . The fragments of this Bronze Age Germanic wind instrument discovered during road works in 1830 are currently the southernmost find of such an instrument .

Naturally, settlement activity on the Geest was between 1800 and 700 BC. Much larger than in the wet areas of the moors and river landscapes on the edge of the Geest. The clans who penetrated the vastness of the area with its forests were Indo-Europeans , who were later classified by Tacitus as Chauken . From 1000 BC Finally, the wet areas of the foothills and marginal moors were opened up as pasture areas by stick paths.

It was not until 200–300 that the Chauken shifted their settlement focus further to the coast , and the Saxons invaded 400 - probably in the course of the migration of peoples - from the south.

12 BC Chr. – 600 AD

time	12 BC Chr. – 600 AD
12 BC Chr.	Conquest of Germania : Roman ship expedition under Drusus discovers the mouth of the Weser .
200-300	Chauken move to the coast (see Frisians ).
375	Beginning of the Great Migration in Northern Europe .
400	Saxons move up to the Chauken in the settlement area.

It is obvious that there are no written records of this time. Anyway, the question of permanent settlement arises, which must be answered in the negative. The climate was comparatively unfriendly, the agricultural technology for arable farming or dairy farming under such conditions still had to be developed. So the Osterholzer Geest remained sparsely populated and more of a transit area, which was also sometimes more than difficult to access. Not in vain did the Roman expedition under Drusus 12 BC take place. BC by ship and the Romans showed no ambition to establish a settlement and to penetrate further into the area.

The area near the coast in particular was characterized by storm surges , which helped trigger the migration of peoples on the coasts . In particular, the Hamme - Wümme river system with the Teufelsmoor was constantly exposed to the tide of the North Sea at zero meters above sea level . A modern insight was possible in 1996, when large areas of the Hammeniederung were so flooded that parts of the banks of the Hamme could only be recognized by the rows of trees. If the corresponding traffic routes had not been built on higher dams , Bremen would no longer be directly accessible today ; while it was only nichtabfließendes rain and groundwater , not by the due flooding closed barrage in Ritterhude could flow.

If one takes into account the fact that a high tidal wave at that time - coming over the Weser - could in principle push itself unchecked into the lower part of the Hamme, it is obvious that settlers preferred to look for a friendlier place for permanent settlement and just wandered through the area .

Early Middle Ages 600–1100

Timetable	Early Middle Ages 600–1100
768	The foundation of some farms formed the first basis of Scirnbeci ( Scharmbeck )
782	Charlemagne allegedly 'massacred' 4,500 Saxons in the blood court of Verden .
787	Bremen: Founding of the diocese , the diocese became the starting point for Christianization
796	Charlemagne crossed the Weser .
800	Coronation of Charlemagne in Rome by Pope Leo III.
804	The Christian Franks under Charlemagne defeated the Saxons .
808-810	Establishment of the " Nordmark " against the Danes.
845	Normans destroyed what was then the 'small settlement' of Hamburg .
850	Establishment of baptismal chapels in Wigmodien , which resulted in Scharmbeck .
1024	Normans landed at Vegesack and sacked the east side of the Weser .
1043	First documentary mention of Scharmbeck ("Scirnbeci")

Saxony and Franconia

A new land law was introduced with the Saxons ; that is, possession of land, the most important factor of production at that time, was now assigned centrally by the sovereign , who was thus able to pursue an internal alliance policy. In particular, the development of further arable land had to be promoted; So the people of Bremen settled in 1106 on both banks of the Weser Holländer (hence Hollerland ) who were already considered specialists in wet meadows and dyke construction in order to develop these areas. An important basis for the Christianization of the Saxons was created by the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne (768–814), who stated the following in the “ Capitulare Deportibus Saxoniae ”: “The churches of Christ that are being built in Saxony should not be smaller, but larger Enjoy honors than the pagan sanctuaries until then ”.

The Christianization by the Franks , who had already adopted the Christian faith in 499, met with Saxon resistance, and the term of office of the Franconian emperor (Charlemagne) was determined by his three-year struggle against the Saxons under Wittekind (also Widukind). Even after the final military defeat of the Saxons in 804, local uprisings continued.

The peaceful Christianization of the local area began as early as 787 with the establishment of the diocese of Bremen ; the division of the bishoprics created thereby forming a first "administrative" detection of the regions, although this, the old Saxon Gauen served as a basis; the present city area belonged to the Gau Wigmodien . When the Saxons were overthrown, the emperor probably did not enter the Osterholzer and Stader Geest. There is evidence that he crossed the Weser with his army in 796 , and as early as 782 the Verden blood trial of 4,500 Saxon insurgents is said to have taken place in Verden, which is why Charlemagne also bore the popular title of "Saxon butcher" (probably wrongly; as recent research shows rather the deportation of rebellious Saxons to Franconia, where accumulations of Saxon names are still evident in the Franconian area and can be read from the place names).

Normans

In the year 845 Hamburg (at that time only a village settlement) was destroyed by the Normans , which is why the larger Bremen , which had already been fortified , had become the seat of the archbishop in 847. 850 a first wooden baptistery was built on the later Scharmbecker area, and formed the basis of subsequent Wilhadi Church on the marketplace in Scharmbeck, which was named after the first Bishop of Bremen Willhad (i) (781), the Christianisierung in Wigmodien operated would have.

According to prehistoric finds, the settlement with rural farms must have started around 768 (today Baustraße , Am Weißen Sande and An der Loge ), for whose residents wooden baptisteries were built. From 1000 onwards these first settlements were strongly endangered by another wave of Normans, who at times again struck northern Germany with 20,000 armed men.

To ward off the Norman threat, the Gau Wigmodien was combined with Hadeln to the north to form the County of Lesum . Adam von Bremen reports that the area was infested in 994 by a fleet of Vikings (" Ascomans "). A contingent that penetrated the Weser and Geeste was slain down to the last man by the locals in Glindesmoor , not far from what would later become Bremervörde .

In 1024 they landed at Vegesack and plundered the east side of the Weser; However, the few accesses to the Geest area gave the residents enough time to hide important property (cattle, seeds, etc.) or themselves in the forests and moors. In the same year, however , the Normans were finally defeated in front of Aumund , which is why this danger was finally averted.

Position of the Church

In addition to the direct use of force, Christianization was also seen as a "weapon of war" to ward off the Normans; ie the Christianization with its centers were important "development instruments" of inhospitable provinces up to now.

The first written mention of Scharmbeck was therefore also by the Archbishop of Bremen Bezelin (also called Alebrand); His stay in Scirnbeci (Scharmbeck) in 1043 AD by the chronicler Adam von Bremen was noted in particular because the former had taken a barefoot walk to Scirnbeci and got sick.

The position of the church in Bremen (as "Rome of the North") increased in importance, since since Otto the Great the church had also become secular power. This went at the expense of the old counts. Scharmbeck and Osterholz now came under the direct rule of the Archbishops of Bremen , who in 1397 issued an "army successes" for the area and thus also had military forces to enforce their rule.

High Middle Ages 1100–1250

Timetable	High Middle Ages 1100–1250
1106	Dutch were employed as "water workers" on both sides of the Weser
1182	Founding of the monastery in Osterholz by Siegfried I of Anhalt , the Archbishop of Bremen
1197	Dedication of the monastery in Osterholz.
1233	First mention of the name Sandbeck as a place of a settlement.
1244	First documentary mention of Berlin .

Late Middle Ages and Reformation 1250–1600

Timetable	Late Middle Ages and Reformation 1250–1600
1302	Bull " Unam Sanctam " by Boniface VIII describes the Pope as the highest spiritual and worldly power.
1308	The Teutonic Order acquires the Pomerellen with Danzig .
1331	First documentary mention of a family "von Sandbeck" ( Gut Sandbeck ).
1343	Sandbeck seal coat of arms: brook on blue field; open helmet with three peacock feathers.
1358	Foundation of the Hanseatic League under the leadership of Lübeck .
1397	Determination of the "military successes"; ie determination of man and material in case of war.
1400-1410	Formation of the territorial states on "German" territory.
1410	The German Order was defeated at Tannenberg
1499	Barthold von Sandbeck (Gut Sandbeck) led 700 troops into the battle of Weddewarden ( story of Hadeln and Wursten ).
1500	The Archbishopric of Bremen belonged (until 1648) to the Lower Saxony Empire .
1507	Johann Widenbrügge was recognized as provost of the monastery in Osterholz .
1513	The monastery in Osterholz became feudal lord of the Sandbeck estate.
1515	Archbishop Christoph von Braunschweig-Lüneburg appeared as an “answer” to the circumstances surrounding Wursten since 1499 and plundered the Osterholz monastery, among other things.
1521	Luther refused to revoke this before Emperor Charles V and created the basis of a new written German language with his translation of the Bible by 1522.
1526	First Reichstag in Speyer : Denomination was determined by sovereigns.
1531	Foundation of the Protestant Schmalkaldic League
1947	Battle of Drakenburg , Protestants defeated Catholic associations north of Nienburg
1550	The Osterholz monastery finally became Lutheran.
April 17, 1552	“ Satting ” of the Basdahl knighthood in Scharmbeck.
1555	Peace of religion in Augsburg : "Cuius regio, eius religio"; Protestantism spread over northern Germany .
1570	Start of construction at Gut Sandbeck in the form that has been preserved to this day
1575	Construction of the manor house on Gut Sandbeck
1580	Gut Sandbeck was completed
1581	Foundation of the Scharmbeck cloth makers' guild in Scharmbeck

Usually the local knighthood met in Basdahl . On April 17, 1552, however, she came to the Sate or "Satting" in Scharmbeck, here the army succession of horses, infantry and armament was redefined for the entire region .

Thirty Years War to Hanover 1618–1715

Timetable	Thirty Years War to Hanover 1618–1715
April 25, 1626	Count Mansfeld , the ally of the Danes, suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Dessau .
August 27, 1626	Battle of Lutter , Christian IV suffered a heavy defeat: Tilly pushed Danes back from northern Germany
1629	Peace of Lübeck
June 26, 1630	Sweden under Gustav Adolf landed on Usedom .
1631	Sweden appeared in Osterholz and Scharmbeck
1633	The monastery of St. Marien finally became Lutheran.
1634	Roskilde : Serious defeat of the Swedes ushered in peace of 1648.
1637	Friedrich became bishop in Bremervörde .
1643	Swedish troops return to the Osterholzer Geest
1648	Osnabrück, Peace of Westphalia : Osterholz and Scharmbeck fell to the Swedes, who attacked Bremen from here.
1652	Swedes advanced on the Burg-Lesum Line .
1653	Swedes captured Lesum Castle .
1655	The Count of Hessen-Eschwege , (head of the Scharmbeck and Osterholz ) died in the Polish campaign of the Swedes
1674	Swedes confirmed Elonora Catharina as heir and successor.
1679	Death of Elonora Catharina .
June 24, 1708	Confirmation of the Scharmbeck cloth makers' guild by the Swedes.
1712	Danes were able to conquer the Osterholzer Geest at short notice and "nested" themselves in Stade .
1715	Peace of Stockholm. Hanover acquired the Osterholzer Geest .

Thirty Years' War

Since Bremen remained loyal to the Catholic Emperor, imperial troops first advanced into the Osterholz Geest area . This started a series of going back and forth on the “Common Heerstraße”: Bremen-Bremervörde-Stade-Hamburg, which roughly corresponds to the route of today's B74 .

The Danish King Christian IV took the lead in defense of the North German Protestant estates. Danish troops then initially displaced the imperial troops from large parts of northern Germany , but could not advance further because the imperial troops continued to defend the river line from Weser - Oste - Wümme . On April 25, 1626, Count Mansfeld , the ally of the Danes, suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Dessau . On August 27, 1626, the Danes were also defeated in the Battle of Lutter ; Catholic units under Tilly did not initially dare to follow them when they withdrew to the area of ​​the Stader Geest . After this defeat, almost all of the north German princes withdrew their support for the Danes. When the Danes withdrew to Stade , the Catholic associations penetrated the Geest and appeared in Osterholz and Scharmbeck . In 1629 a peace was made in Lübeck ; as a direct consequence of this defeat, the Osterholz monastery became Catholic and again Protestant under the Swedes in 1633 .

The Swedes landed on Usedom on June 26, 1630 with their King Gustav Adolf . The Archbishop of Bremen decided to switch to the Protestants, and the Swedes sent an army under General Acke von Tott to help him. The Swedes appeared in Osterholz and Scharmbeck in order to attack the Lesum line from there . They were stopped there by General Heinrich von Pappenheim with Westphalian help, who then advanced on the Osterholzer Geest .

In Westerbeck two were in Scharmbeckstotel three and Ohlenstedt ravaged two farms in wiste are even all the inhabitants have fled.

The Pappenheimers stayed only briefly, as they were used by Tilly to conquer the city of Magdeburg . In 1643 Swedish troops returned to Osterholz and Scharmbeck to at least keep their possessions in the north; and in fact, in the Peace of Westphalia at Osnabrück between Christine of Sweden and Ferdinand in 1648, the area between Bremen, Verden , Weser and Elbe and thus the Osterholzer Geest with Osterholz and Scharmbeck was awarded to the Swedes. That means that the dioceses of Bremen and Verden were ceded as imperial fiefs, the abolition of the Osterholz monastery in 1650 was the direct result of this.

Swedish province from 1648–1715

The Baltic -power Sweden was after the Peace of Westphalia on their authority over the claim - in the sense of mercantilism - technical trading rivals Bremen , tried as a defensive measure, among other things, the Hanseatic revive. De facto, the end of the Thirty Years' War meant no peace for Osterholz and Scharmbeck , as Sweden attacked the Lesum line from 1643 in order to take the castle in Lesum ( Bremen-Burglesum ). As a result, large Swedish troop contingents were still in the two spots in 1652 and 1653. On July 14, 1653, the Swedes withdrew via Burgdamm , and they succeeded in conquering Lesum Castle. It was razed immediately.

Bremen countered though 1654 ( first Bremish-Swedish war ) with the destruction of the Swedish hill in Vegesack , which offered the Swedish "customs barrier" for Weser ships coverage, but the Swedes beat the Bremen back and settled on the first Stader conference the sovereignty over Confirm Bremen again, although Bremen as the core city remained vacant.

The area of Osterholz and Scharmbeck was officially handed over to the Count of Hesse-Eschwege in 1648 (by the Swedish Queen Christina of Sweden ) . However, when he did not return from the Polish campaign as the Swedish commander in 1655, his widow Elonora Catharina took over the reign, and as a native Swedish princess , her legacy was finally confirmed in 1674.

The rulers of Sweden continued to pursue ambitious great power plans and in 1675 they allied themselves with France against the German emperor . The project failed, the Swedes had to retreat via the Heerstraße to the Stade , which had been converted into a fortress , which resulted in renewed burdens for Osterholz and Scharmbeck .

In 1679, after the Peace of Celle , the Osterholzer and Scharmbecker family remained under Swedish rule until 1692, when the "Swedish" widow Elonora Catharina died .

As the Swedes continued to wage war in distant arenas and fought in the Northern War against Russia and Denmark from 1700 to 1715, the Danes advanced to the Osterholzer Geest in 1712 , as the Swedes had assembled their military forces in Russia .

In 1715, however, there was an extensive peace conference in Stockholm , and the Danes had to evacuate the area without a fight.

The Swedes did not return, however, as they offered their ally from Hanover the Diocese of Verden and the Diocese of Vegesack (and thus Osterholz and Scharmbeck ) for sale. For six tons of gold (about 600 thalers ) and 277 thalers to Sweden , the territories were transferred to the Duchy of Hanover . Relevant allegations that the Danes concluded the contract of sale are based on the error of placing the presence ( possession ) of the Danes above the property rights of the Swedes .

From Hanover to France 1713–1869

Timetable	From Hanover to France 1713–1869
May 13, 1713	Confirmation of the Scharmbeck cloth makers guild by Hanover.
1715	Elector Georg Ludwig (Hanover) ascended the British throne as Georg I. Hanover acquired the Duchy of Bremen-Verden from the Swedes, giving Osterholz and Scharmbeck a British king.
1756	Beginning of the moor colonization in the Teufelsmoor
1756	Seven Years' War : Hanover was defeated by France and vacated the Osterholzer Geest
September 8, 1757	Zeven : Treaty leaves large parts of the area to the French: The French appeared in Lesum and demanded maintenance from Osterholz and Scharmbeck .
1758	The French moved into Osterholz and Scharmbeck to support their maintenance claims.
January 10, 1758	General Diepenbrock rushed to the aid of the defenders of the Ritterhude - Schwanewede line .
January 11, 1758	Heavy battle at Ritterhude.
11/12. January 1758	The French attacked Ritterhude and Schwanewede.
January 16, 1758	The French withdrew to Bremen
February 15, 1758	Beginning of the offensive to further expel the French
February 18, 1758	The French lost Rotenburg .
February 26, 1758	The French evacuated Bremen .
December 16, 1773	Boston Tea Party
1781	Foundation of a canvas manufacture in Scharmbeck

Seven Years War

Since Hanover was linked to the British throne in personal union, the Wümme - Lesum line as an armed border also played an important role in this period. When Great Britain fought against France in the Seven Years War (1756–1763) , the battle of Hastenbeck took place southwest of Hanover ; the French army was victorious, and Hanover retreated north, giving up the favorable Aller river line.

Instead, the Lesum-Wümme line should now be maintained. When the French approached, however, the Hanoverians gave up Rotenburg and Ottersberg and thus further defense of this area had become pointless: The Hanoverian troops therefore withdrew from the Osterholzer Geest in the direction of Bremervörde .

By agreement in the Zeven monastery on September 8, 1757, the Osterholzer Geest was handed over to the French, and when a French contingent quickly pushed forward to the Lesum, it therefore asked the Osterholz office for funds for its maintenance.

It was a peculiar situation: Osterholz and Scharmbeck were not (yet) owned by the French and Vegesack , for example , even returned to Hanoverian hands through an offensive by "government troops", but the French are extorting their livelihood from Osterholz and Scharmbeck . Only when the plans to retake Rotenburg became concrete in the same year did the French advance on an offensive over the Lesum line to Marßel and Ritterhude and then penetrate Osterholz and Scharmbeck . However, on January 10, 1758, the Hanoverians under General Diepenbrock (three battalions, two squadrons and 600 men) appeared for support, as positions were still held at Schwanewede and Ritterhude. The following day there was a battle near Ritterhude. The French commander Brogelio attempted a new attack on Ritterhude and Schwanewede on the night of January 11th to 12th, 1758, but failed and withdrew, whereby Bremen helped insofar as the city gates were opened voluntarily on January 16th.

As the French received reinforcements from Verden , the Hanoverians stayed east of the Lesum in St. Magnus and Ritterhude as a precaution . For the final expulsion of the French, General von Diepenbrock was to advance to Bremen and General von Wangenheim to Rotenburg. The actions began on February 15, 1758, and since Rotenburg could already be taken on February 18, 1758, the French left the entire area around Ottersberg . On February 26th, Bremen was “liberated” via Ritterhude and Lesum .

There was no further occupation of Osterholz and Scharmbeck by France during the Seven Years' War , although this danger remained latent until the end of the war. The peaceful phase was used in 1773 to reform the border between Bremen and Hanover, among others at Blumenthal and Schönebeck ; the existing spots were confirmed and Neu-Vegesack (so to speak 'new building area') was added.

The North American War of Independence 1774–1783

The American pursuit of autonomy also left its mark on the region. Background: The Peace of Paris (1763) not only ended the Seven Years' War, but only left behind a few remaining French possessions on the North American continent. But it was precisely the fact of the British victory that fueled discontent in North America and made its contribution to the " Boston Tea Party " of 1774.

Great Britain tried to crush the separatist movement of its colony , and it is well known that some German sovereigns (especially Hesse) cleaned up their budget and cash deficits by delivering freshly "recruited" troops to the British: 20,000 "Germans" were shipped overseas. Most of this happened in the Geestemünder Hafen (Bremerhaven-Lehe), which is why they also took up quarters in Osterholz and Scharmbeck ; The large return stream of war invalids from overseas also ran through this port. The region arguably had first-hand information on the overseas defeat of Britain.

The French Revolution of 1789

The French Revolution is seen today as the end point of absolutism , although Napoleon did not appear as an enforcer in the rest of Europe until 1799-1815 with his successful attacks. From a political point of view, the conditions of this time were also involved in the rulership of Hanover.

Initially, revolutionary France was initially in defense of foreign intervention armies, in which residents from Osterholz and Scharmbeck also served. 1794–1797, ten people died for the British without being able to prevent their defeat. At the peace conferences in 1795 Prussia and in 1797 Hanover left the coalition against Napoleon. Great Britain remained as the main opponent of France , and with the direct threat averted, France now decided to go on the offensive itself.

Napoleon convinced the French Revolutionary Committee in 1798 to proceed in Egypt , since a direct attack on the British island was considered impossible due to the superiority of the British naval forces. Other European states tried to use this dispute between the two great powers locally to expand their sphere of influence in Central Europe: In 1800, Prussia had joined the Russian-controlled Nordic sea neutrality , which was directed against the British.

Since the most vulnerable (because accessible) part of the British Empire was Hanover, Prussian troops penetrated there in 1801. On April 19, Prussia also occupied the Osterholzer Geest . However, the troops continued to advance quickly, and by the summer the area was already free of them. Now that Great Britain and France had signed the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801 , the Prussians withdrew from the area of ​​Hanover again via the well-known Bremen-Bremervörde military road and thus passed the Osterholz area again.

French Revolution to Waterloo 1789–1815

Timetable	French Revolution to Waterloo 1789–1815
1789	French Revolution
1795	1. Basel Peace : Prussia leaves the anti-France coalition
1797	2. Basel Peace : Departure of Hanover
April 19, 1801	Prussian soldiers reached Osterholz and Scharmbeck during the occupation of Hanover .
January 3, 1802	Convention Sulingen which included the Osterholz and Scharmbeck the French to.
June 24, 1803	1000 French riders entered.
1806	Napoleon occupied the city of Hamburg in the course of the fourth coalition war .
October 14, 1806	Prussia lost the battles at Auerstedt and Jena .
February 2, 1807	Dutch infantry regiment moved into Osterholz and Scharmbeck .
October 18, 1807	Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
December 24, 1807	French hussars appeared in Osterholz and Scharmbeck .
1812	Napoleon's Russian campaign ; men from Osterholz and Scharmbeck were also forced to attend.
1813	Revolts in Wursten , Lehe, Osterholz, Scharmbeck etc. against the French occupation.
March 25, 1813	Suppression or end of the riot; Russian Cossacks oust the French
November 3, 1813	Reinstatement of the Duchy of Hanover
December 31, 1814	"Recruitment" of 18 to 30 year olds
November 4, 1814	“Recruitment” of 30 to 40 year olds
June 18, 1815	Battle of Waterloo : Osterholz Regiment fought under Wellington . Hanover became a kingdom.

Waterloo

The Duchy of Hanover was reinstated on November 3, 1813, but at first this was at best an administrative act, because Hanover had hardly any armed units to physically enforce its claim: Napoleon had been driven back, but still had to be finally defeated .

Therefore - following the Prussian model - some vintages were also “excavated” in the Osterholz area . The 18 to 30 year olds were affected by this on December 31, 1813 and on January 4, 1814 even the 30 to 40 year olds. In the meantime the "Allies" had defeated the Napoleonic armies in France too, occupied Paris on March 31, 1813 and made peace on May 30, 1813, but military training in Osterholz continued unabated.

When Napoleon returned from his internment on Elba , the Osterholz regiment also withdrew and took part in the battle of Waterloo under Wellington on June 18, 1815 . The Osterholz regiment did not belong to the "late" arriving Prussians , but fought directly under Wellington due to the British-Hanoverian personal union. Further missions took the Osterholz regiment to Ostend and in the same year deeper into Belgium before the soldiers were allowed to return.

History of neighboring regions

• Hamburg French Period

From the Kingdom of Hanover to Prussia 1815–1871

Timetable	From the Kingdom of Hanover to Prussia 1815–1871
1815	Hanover becomes a kingdom.
1830	Garlstedt : Lure unearthed new road construction .
1837	Death of King Wilhelm IV ; End of the personal union between Hanover and Great Britain; the region no longer had a "British" king. Ernst August became king in Hanover.
1848	Revolution of 1848 : Zechpreller with revolutionary slogan led to the formation of a vigilante group .
1848	Beginning of the Schleswig-Holstein War (1848–1851) .
1850	Return of the soldiers from Schleswig-Holstein
1853	Foundation of the Osterholz harvest festival
August 7, 1862	King George V inaugurated the Bremen-Geestendorf railway line (today Bremerhaven).
27./28. June 1866	Battle of Langensalza : Hanover was defeated by Prussia, which was also won by Osterholz and Scharmbeck .
1870	Osterholz recruits took part in the Franco-German War .
January 18, 1871	Foundation of the German Empire in Versailles

Hanoverian Kingdom 1815–1866

In 1815 the Duchy of Hanover became a kingdom, the personal union with Great Britain lasted until 1837, when King Wilhelm IV died. In Hanover, a woman was not allowed on the throne, and so the new British Queen Victoria could not take the throne in Hanover. This ended the personal union, Ernst August Duke of Cumberland became King of Hanover.

However, this had no noticeable effects on site; at most the redemption of the tithe and other feudal burdens were of interest on site. However , this problem could be settled peacefully between 1831 and 1890 by paying the Fronlast or its allocation as a mortgage ; 25 times the annual earnings value was used as the basis for calculation.

The events of the revolution of 1848 also had no direct impact; It was reported only from two drunk people who appeared under the revolutionary motto "equality and brotherhood" as a bill cheater, beat up a bill-demanding landlord and on their way frightened a few simpler minds, which is why a vigilante group was founded in Scharmbeck , which later peacefully merged Rifle club converted. On August 7, 1862, the new King Georg V visited Osterholz and Scharmbeck, as the railway line between Bremen and Geestemünde (Bremerhaven) had to be put into operation. Since Osterholz and Scharmbeck could not agree on a common solution, the station was built exactly between the two spots and the name Osterholz-Scharmbeck, which later became the name of the station, was applied there.

It did not stay peaceful for long. In Prussia , there was a threat of a constitutional conflict between the military and the bourgeoisie, as parliament refused to support Roon's army reform. In order to prevent a renewed revolution of the bourgeoisie à la 1848, the military (von Manteuffel ) were already toying with a coup when Otto von Bismarck found a way out of "foreign policy". The bourgeois demand for national unity was taken over, so that the national could be split off from the liberal bourgeoisie. Since Bismarck wanted to operate the unification militarily, the way for the army reform was paved.

Already in the years from 1848 to 1851 the north of Germany was “liberated” by the Danes during the Schleswig-Holstein war , and Hanover (with it also local citizens) had participated in it, to be the next “merger victim” of the Prussian “national association” " to become. Hanover initially resisted and the new transport connection was used to load Hanoverian troops onto the railroad; however, the Prussians were probably not very impressed, because on 27/28. June 1866 near Langensalza Hanover was still mainly defeated "on foot"; Osterholz and Scharmbeck came under Prussian administration.

As early as 1870, the former soldiers released in 1866 were put back into service; the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 was fought and ended with the peace treaty including the establishment of an empire in Versailles on January 18, 1871.

In memory of the fallen, the local assembly of Flecken Scharmbeck erected a memorial (crossing Osterholzer Straße / Bahnhofstraße) with the names of the dead.

German Empire 1871–1918

Timetable	German Empire 1871–1918
January 18, 1871	Foundation of the German Empire in Versailles
1873	Foundation of the Reiswerke at Osterholz train station
1875	Foundation and first edition of the Osterholzer Kreisblatt
1885	Prussian district reform
1901	The phone came to town; 17 connections were made. The main office is the post office.
1911	Opening of the small railway Osterholz-Bremervörde ( Moorexpress )
1914-1918	First World War : Citizens then erected war memorials a. a. Scharmbeck , Lintel , Buschausen etc.

Becoming a city

In 1885 the Prussians changed the administration, so the administrative district of Stade was created and the district of Osterholz was formed by amalgamating the office of Lilienthal and Osterholz . Osterholz and Scharmbeck began to grow closer together, and the Prussian administration wanted further reforms early on; including the formation of a merger between Osterholz and Scharmbeck to form the city.

Such considerations were probably postponed by the First World War (1914-1918), in which 213 people from Osterholz-Scharmbeck and the later urban areas perished. A memorial was erected for them in Scharmbeck (market square) and at the cemetery in Osterholz. However, the smaller Scharmbeck memorial on the market square was rammed and destroyed by a truck on December 8, 1964. A new building was erected in the new city park on Memorial Day in 1966.

Weimar Republic: becoming a town 1918–1932

Timetable	Weimar Republic: becoming a town 1918–1932
February 4, 1919	Spartakists from Bremen occupied the post office and cut off the telephone traffic
1922	Settlement of the "Karlstrasse" area
January 3, 1926	Referendum on merger; Population of Osterholz refuses
May 24, 1927	The Prussian state parliament decides to unite Osterholz and Scharmbeck
1929	Foundation of the local history museum in Osterholz
October 25, 1929	The Prussian State Ministry raised Osterholz and Scharmbeck to a joint town.
February 12, 1930	Approval to use the city arms for Osterholz-Scharmbeck
1932	Incorporation of the Blumenthal district into the Osterholz district

In spite of the continuing hardship with vouchers and inflation , settlement in the area of ​​today's "Karlstrasse" and "Langen Strasse" began in 1922. Further settlements with single-family houses in front and back gardens created the streets: Klosterkamp, ​​Auf dem Kamp, Gartenstraße, Schillerstraße, Goethestraße etc., which laid the basis for the later slogan "Garden City on the Teufelsmoor", which was later replaced by the sentence " open and personable ”.

With the municipal reform of 1927, the idea of ​​a common city was to be taken up again. In a referendum, however, the Osterholzer refused to join forces with the Scharmbeckern.

The Osterholz district and the Stade district committee therefore began to exert administrative pressure; and at the same time the Prussian state parliament made use of its legislative and executive possibilities by deciding on May 24, 1927 to amalgamate them into a common area of ​​2200 ha with 5680 inhabitants. On October 25, 1929, Osterholz-Scharmbeck was raised to the rank of town and on February 12, 1930, permission was given to use a town coat of arms . In September 1936, the urban area expanded again, as Buschhausen, Lintel, Scharmbeckstotel , Westerbeck and part of Hülseberg were incorporated, making the population around 7500 people by 1939.

The road to war 1933–1939

Timetable	The road to war 1933–1939
1933	Construction of the water tower in Osterholz-Scharmbeck ( 63.42  m above sea level )
January 30, 1933	Adolf Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor (see seizure of power )
March 5, 1933	Reichstag election in 1933 : the NSDAP became the strongest party in Osterholz-Scharmbeck .
March 12, 1933	Election of the municipal council in the district of Osterholz
July 3, 1938	"Tag des Kreises": deployment of 5500 uniformed men: SA , SS , Wehrmacht , HJ , Reich Labor Service (RAD) etc.
November 1, 1939	District reform : Blumenthal, Aumund, Lesum, Grohn, Schönebeck, Farge etc. go from the Osterholz district to Bremen .

Unemployment and National Socialism

In the 1930s, Osterholz-Scharmbeck was a tranquil small town with around 7,000 inhabitants. In particular, when the Frerichs factory was closed in 1931 , the number of unemployed skyrocketed. On January 1, 1933, around 700 (about ten percent) of the Osterholz-Scharmbeckers were out of work. However, this initially had no effect on the size of the NSDAP's membership . The widely used formula “unemployment equals membership growth” turned out to be too simple for Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

While the NSDAP had around 31 members in Osterholz-Scharmbeck in 1931, it was able to double its strength by the end of 1932, but it was only when it grew from around 153 to 229 members in 1933 that the first significant boost after Adolf Hitler passed through Hindenburg on January 31, 1933 was appointed Reich Chancellor and in the same year the Enabling Act heralded the beginning of the dictatorship of the Third Reich . Many new members can therefore not be denied a certain opportunism . In 1937 the party in Osterholz-Scharmbeck had 793 members and was divided into an Osterholzer and a Scharmbeck local group.

In Osterholz-Scharmbeck, too, the businesses of medium-sized merchants and craftsmen were increasingly threatened by unemployment , the ongoing economic crisis and the decline in purchasing power . The backbone of National Socialism developed from this middle class , exposed to social decline . The local group in Scharmbeck of the NSDAP was headed by a butcher and the local group in Osterholz was headed by a master plumber, while the SS “Führer” was a master watchmaker. Even today there are difficulties in naming the names publicly - for example in the press - since the descendants live in the city.

Essentially, the following points can be emphasized in the elimination of unemployment at the time:

• First, the unprecedented armament program functioned as a quasi pre-Keynesian employment and stimulus program .
• Second, the ideological manifestation of old family and role models, in which women as a reproductive factor are “spared” from working life, offered practical approaches to reducing the supply of labor. In 1933, for example, married couples were rewarded with a “marriage loan” of 1,000 Reichsmarks when the future bride left her old job.
• Thirdly, the repeal of the Versailles Treaty was linked to the abolition of arms restrictions; the opportunity now arose to raise a large army.

In addition to the possibility of the now unchecked arms production, the entire population was in principle more or less militarized; ie uniforms and paramilitary behavior in corresponding associations and organizations spread. The SA alone had around 238 members in Osterholz-Scharmbeck in 1938; In the same year (July 3, 1938), 5500 uniformed men (SA, SS , Wehrmacht , Reich Labor Service , HJ etc. ) marched through the city on “Day of the District”.

The barracking of the population also increased, as the unemployed were literally taken off the street and were now in RAD camps in Hüttenbusch (Mühlendamm), for example .

There - on an area of ​​one hectare - before and during the war, 200-300 people could be accommodated in twelve U-shaped barracks , who were actually used to cultivate the moor. In fact, for example, the ABT built. 4/171 (later 177), until its relocation in 1938, houses and buildings.

Childhood and school education

Upbringing throughout the entire Reich must be described as being synchronized . "Fold your hands, lower your head - always think of Adolf Hitler" was also taught in the kindergartens of the NSV ( National Socialist People's Welfare ) in Osterholz-Scharmbeck. Party members in particular left the church and sent their children to these kindergartens. But it was precisely through extracurricular activities that the regime tried to get the youth under control: the 10 to 13-year-old boys spent two afternoons a week in the young people and the girls in the young girls' association . The Hitler Youth (HJ) was founded in 1926 as a party youth and on December 1, 1936 officially advanced to the “State Youth”, which functioned as the umbrella organization of the first-mentioned organizations; that is, between the ages of 14 and 18, the young people came into the “actual” HJ (or the girls into the Bund Deutscher Mädel , or BDM for short) in order to be finally socialized in the sense of the regime. Out of consideration for these afternoon events, there was no homework for the 10 to 14 year olds on Wednesday and Saturday in Osterholz-Scharmbeck either, which is likely to have increased the popularity of these organizations among children and young people.

The Nazis used the opportunity to win over young people for propaganda purposes, particularly in the "Reich Film Hours " of the Hitler Youth in the Centralkino (Poststrasse) or the Atlantic Cinema (Bahnhofstrasse): Films like " The Eternal Jew " nurtured anti-Semitism, later " Junge Adler " the enthusiasm for the war, etc. Since the NSDAP was divided into an Osterholzer and a Scharmbeck local group with increasing membership, this division also applied to the youth organizations.

Apart from that, in the sense of the Hitler doctrine: “ Nimble as greyhounds , tough as leather and hard as Kruppstahl ”, the young people were not “pampered” anyway, and so these two local groups fought each other (in the sense of the old “enmity” of the districts) , Tussles, for example in the Osterholz city forest, were mentioned.

These “noisy exercises” soon ended, however, and as the war continued, the organized events in general became rare. They were replaced by air raid protection courses and exercises, which (probably from around mid-1943) took place in the evenings and on Sundays. Lessons were cut short, especially in the airspace over Heißenbüttel the children did not sleep well in the mornings, as air battles took place over the houses almost every night, while in Hambergen the activity of the nearby FLAK did not allow sleep. But also in the core of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, the constant air alarms tore at the ability to concentrate, which is why whole school classes were brought to Poland / Zakopane in the sense of being sent to the Kinderland . But when the front drew nearer there too, the repatriation began.

Nevertheless, in 1944, when many families had already lost relatives in the war, the enthusiasm of the young people was generally unbroken. In late autumn, the 12 to 14-year-olds from Osterholz-Scharmbeck in Ritterhude were trained on bazookas and rifles in the imperial labor camp on “Delta-Strasse” . Due to the rapidly advancing military situation, however, they were spared an assignment, which at the time those affected may have regretted , with one verifiable exception (see below and Kurt Albrecht ).

Political persecution

In general, anyone could become a victim of the new regime . In particular (in connection with the so-called seizure of power ) members of the KPD were arrested in March 1933 , then the Social Democrats of the SPD and finally other groups of people followed:

• Heinrich Horstmann (SPD) was interned in a labor camp for months .
• The non-party (after the war CDU ) Worpswede painter Bernhard Huys (1895–1973) received two years in prison for “listening to foreign broadcasters” and “despising the Führer” .
• The Lilienthal superintendent Friedrich Frerichs received a prison sentence of several weeks for ringing the bells at the funeral of the executed Cato Bontjes van Beek despite the Gestapo ban .

Beginning of discrimination and anti-Semitism

If the upbringing and conformity of society were to be understood as the consistent implementation of the Führer cult , there was only one really overarching ideological principle of the Nazi dictatorship: anti-Semitism . This was systematically projected into the minds of the population, but the disintegration of Jews was mainly promoted administratively.

The city's first Jewish victim was the merchant Moritz Meibergen in 1933, who was on a business trip and was killed by members of the SA in Ahlhorn .

Osterholz-Scharmbeck was home to the largest Jewish community in the Stade administrative district, which - actually common in Germany - was almost completely integrated into the urban communities. The system of disintegration becomes clear in the case of Annelie Müller ; on September 15, 1935, with the “ Nuremberg Laws ” for “keeping the Aryan race clean”, a “definition” was made, which was now followed by concrete discrimination ; In 1937, Annelie Müller's parents received a letter in which the twelve-year-old was forbidden from taking part in physical education in her class. Since the law on the expropriation of Jews followed in June 1936 , the entire family had to move to the so-called "Judenhaus" (Bördestrasse 20) a short time later. There she experienced the " Reichspogromnacht " on November 9, 1938 , in which also in Osterholz-Scharmbeck SA thugs executed the entire range of humiliations: Houses and people were attacked, the latter were subjected to severe bodily harm, property and inventory were destroyed.

Anneliese Müller later described the events in the “Judenhaus” as follows: “Four or five SA people downstairs [the Meyer-Rosenhoff family was housed there] cut everything short and sweet. Windows, furniture, everything was broken. How they beat up Meyer-Rosenhoff - terrible ”.

That night the synagogue in Osterholz-Scharmbeck was set on fire and burned down. A professional training of Annelie Müller was prevented because according to the “Rassegesetz” ( Reich Citizenship Law ) so-called “half-Jews” were also forbidden to train as a saleswoman. "Better treatment" as "half-Jews" is only available insofar as the father Wilhelm Aron was not deported to an Eastern European extermination camp, but even returned from the Buchenwald concentration camp .

Second World War / Allied advance on Osterholz 1939–1945

Timetable	Second World War / Allied advance on Osterholz 1939–1945
1939	Share of voluntary “foreign workers” in Lower Saxony is already 14% of all employed persons.
September 1, 1939	Beginning of the Second World War
August 22, 1940	British air raid on Osterholz-Scharmbeck station at 02:35 a.m.
January 20, 1942	The Wannsee Conference introduced the so-called final solution to the Jewish question .
September 23, 1943	A Lancaster bomber with a Canadian crew crashed in Lintel .
May 24, 1944	An American Mustang was shot down during the attack on Oldenbüttler Bahnhof .
March 20, 1945	The first East Prussian refugee route reached the district area.
April 10, 1945	Hanover: captured by the 9th US Army
April 16, 1945	2nd British Army reached Bremen.
April 18, 1945	The British and Americans conquered Verden , and the Lüneburg Heath was reached northwest of Uelzen .
April 19, 1945	The Wehrmacht was pushed back west of the Weser on Delmenhorst . British tank units advanced through the Lüneburg Heath towards the Elbe .
April 20, 1945	British air raid on the ammunition plant Lw. 2 / IX, MUNA Lübberstedt
April 21, 1945	Heavy fighting near Delmenhorst
April 23, 1945	Heavy fighting on the Verden- Aller / Stade -Elbe line
April 25, 1945	The British invaded the south and south-east of Bremen.
April 26, 1945	The Hammebrücken (including the one at Tietjens Hut ) were blown up. Berlin : Inner defense ring was breached.
April 27, 1945	In Bremen only the northeast was held by the Wehrmacht .
April 28, 1945	Railway gun fired at the British.
April 28, 1945	Execution of the 17-year-old "deserter" Kurt Albrecht on Schützenplatz.
April 30, 1945	The front line is roughly the Stade-Bremervörde railway line
May 1, 1945	Strong low-flying activity throughout northern Germany
May 2, 1945	Hamburg was not defended. The British stood on the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal .
May 3, 1945	Wehrmacht and air defense were withdrawn from Osterholz-Scharmbeck.
May 4, 1945	In Bremervörde the British went further in front after it was taken the day before Hamburg.
May 5, 1945	Combat calm throughout northern Germany.
May 7, 1945	A British tank advance reached the town center of Osterholz-Scharmbeck without a fight.
May 9, 1945	Midnight: Surrender of the entire Wehrmacht.

Air war over Osterholz-Scharmbeck

Above all, the surveys in Worpswede and the Weyerberg belonged to the defensive belt around Bremen, but also in today's urban area in Scharmbeckstotel (Settenbeck) and Wümmesiel , flak batteries of the 8th Flak Division from Bremen were soon set up.

In the summer of 1940, train stations in northern Germany were one of the goals of the British in order to make a possible attempt at landing - the so-called " Battle of Britain " was just taking place - and on August 22, 1940 (2:35 am) the track was also taken from Osterholz-Scharmbeck attacked. A railroad employee was injured by bomb fragments, and the station buildings and adjacent houses were seriously damaged.

Bremen itself had already been attacked on May 18, 1940; In the total of 192 “raids” on Bremen, especially the major attacks, the Osterholz-Scharmbeck fire brigade had to go to Bremen and of course to the firestorm after the devastating attack in Hamburg in 1944.

The district of Osterholz itself remained a target of air strikes, but the town center of Osterholz-Scharmbeck in particular was only marginally hit. At the beginning of the war there were only a few emergency drops of shot machines on the city and district area: One bomb destroyed the bathing establishment "Am Deich", another fell at the old gas works . a third tore open a deep crater in Westerbeck . Above all, however, numerous of these bombs fell in the Hammewiesen . A certain high point was September 22nd, 1943, when a four-engine bomber - probably a Boeing B-17 approaching Hanover - was shot down by the flak in Scharmbeckstotel and Wümmesiel . The crash crater in Lintel is a few meters deep because the machine crashed with a full bomb load, as a result, seven farms with their livestock burned down, the nine Canadian crew members were all killed, the last dead being found a few days later in a bush.

The low-flying aircraft posed a particular danger, becoming more and more a nuisance for the civilian population in northern Germany and severely hampering rail traffic, for example. The necessary traffic had to be carried out at irregular intervals with wagons that had already been subjected to multiple attacks and therefore no longer had intact glazing. The trains were armed to make the necessary journeys; that is, a quadruplet anti-aircraft gun was carried on an open wagon at the front and rear .

On May 4, 1944, the SD of the SS quoted from reports by the Gestapo that the population in the region around Bremen would have to fear bad things if, for example, the cattle were grazing in the summer; even small towns now expected heavy attacks from the air.

In Osterholz-Scharmbeck who were Drettmanwerke next to the train such a goal, and on 23 April 1945 actually attacked eight British low-flying aircraft with 30 cluster bombs there on, two women and a man were killed, four injured people.

A similar attack had taken place three days earlier on the ammunition plant Lw. 2 / IX, Muna Lübberstedt, where a Russian slave laborer was killed and three others injured.

Statistics of air alarms in the district of Osterholz 1940–1945

War year	Air alarms	High explosive bombs	Incendiary bombs	dead	Injured
1940	149	183	189
1941	144	361
1942	155	259	4,194
1943	186	710	5,027
1944	305	877	2,960	2	12
1945	163	136		11	39
1940-1945	1.102	2,526	12,370	33	63

Source: Osterholzer Kreisblatt No. 17; P. 5: “First balance sheet of a lost war” The figures for 1943 had to be corrected based on the total number, as there was obviously a printing error.

Soil war for Easter wood and liberation

From April 19, 1945 it became critical for Osterholz-Scharmbeck, the defense of the Wehrmacht had collapsed on the Lower Rhine and Allied troops were now able to advance to the north without hindrance. From April 20, 1945, the activities of the low-flying pilots in the district became even more intense.

On April 23, the British conquered Bremen and General Gilbert was supposed to add the retreating remnants of the Wehrmacht to a new division in order to defend the Weser - Lesum - Oste area. It is pretty much the line that played a strategic role in the Thirty Years' War and later .

Nevertheless, the command post in Osterholz-Scharmbeck didn't work out; the headquarters were already in Buschausen and found themselves in the inn Böttcher . When then on April 26th on two orders, the first one came at 4 p.m. and the Hamme bridges were blown up at 6 p.m. and the retreating German troops could no longer reach the city, they took a different route.

The remnants of the Wehrmacht still offered resistance. On April 28, the order was issued to the population to get to safety in the cellars and on the outskirts of Osterholz-Scharmbeck a heavy railway gun on the small railway line ( Moorexpress ) from the outskirts (on Laubenstrasse ) caught British soldiers in Viehland , who shot back and hit a house on Ahrensfelder Strasse . The anti-aircraft guns in the urban area were now also moved there in order to be able to take up the tank battle, because despite Adolf Hitler's suicide on April 30, 1945 in Berlin, the defense of the area between Bremen and Bremerhaven was still proclaimed. Perseverance was also promoted by force; On April 28, 1945, the 17-year-old deserted Kurt Albrecht was shot on Schützenplatz.

In view of the hopelessness, General Gilbert finally refused and on May 3, 1945 the remaining German soldiers of the Wehrmacht withdrew to the north, including the Luftwaffe FLAK , who had been stationed in and around Osterholz-Scharmbeck since the beginning of the war.

British planes observed this shift of troops without attacking. Apparently a kind of partial armistice (official parlance: "ceasefire") had already been negotiated with the British, who had been on the Hamme line at Tietjens Hütte, Worpswede and Hüttenbusch since May 1, 1945 .

A first Allied scouting party then moved over the railway bridge of the Moorexpress small railway line via Rübhofstrasse to Ahrensfelder Strasse . These are Scottish soldiers of a 700-man battalion , the 52nd Division "Kings own Scotch Borderers" . The Osterholz administration took the presence of Allied troops as an occasion to close the last food depots and distribute the contents to the population; Files were burned behind the NSDAP building "Haus des Reichs" in Bahnhofstrasse. Not until May 7, 1945 (4 p.m.) did the tanks of the Scottish troops roll into the core of Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

Deportation and extermination: "Off to Farge"

With the Wannsee Conference of 1942, the so-called “ final solution to the Jewish question ” was decided. The physical extermination was carried out relentlessly and reached Osterholz-Scharmbeck in September 1944. In particular, the following families with a total of eighteen relatives were affected, twelve of whom did not survive:

• The businessman Hugo Meyer-Rosenhoff (an uncle of Annelie Aron ) was abducted in 1941, he died with his wife Selam and his two daughters Ruth and Claire in a camp near Minsk .
• Clara, Hanna and Henny Cohen were also murdered in Minsk; Sigmund Cohen had already succumbed to his serious injuries from the " Reichspogromnacht " in 1939 . The grandfather Alfred Cohen died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp , his wife survived and later immigrated to Brazil .
• Ilse and Toni Davidson were also deported to Minsk; Alfred Cohen, on the other hand, went to Theresienstadt.
• The married couple Josef and Irma Heidemann and Moritz Aron also came to Theresienstadt .
• Alfred and Greta Heidemann were deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto (Lodz) in October 1941.
• Annelie Aron's father Wilhelm and brother Willi were ordered to the Gestapo in Bremen ( Am Wall ) in September 1944 and arrested there to be deployed in Farge .

“Off to Farge” was probably the most feared word of the Gestapo in Bremen, which had set up a labor camp since 1940, which played an essential role in the construction of the Valentin submarine bunker in Bremen-Vegesack .

Annelie Müller herself first came to a camp near Oldenburg , was then ordered back to Bremen in November 1944 , used as a forced laborer at Krupp in Oslebshausen or cleared away bomb debris in Bremen. As a "half-Jew" she was allowed to stay with her 'Aryan' mother in Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

The story of her brother Willi Aron was almost more typical of the systematic disintegration of the Jews . Older than Annelie, he was able to complete a baker's training and therefore even had to become a member of the Hitler Youth . In 1939 he was drafted into the Reich Labor Service (RAD) and was drafted into the Wehrmacht as a tank hunter , which excluded him again in 1942 because of his Jewish origins. Before his arrest and assignment in Bremen-Farge (submarine bunker Valentin), Willi Aron worked as a baker in Osterholz-Scharmbeck . After six months in Farge, his father Wilhelm was sent to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , but survived while Willi was interned in a camp near Holzminden and then near Eschenbach . The guards flee there as the Allies approached the camp and the prisoners started on their way home. Willi Aron was arrested in the "Bahnhofstrasse" by a patrol from the Wehrmacht who thought he was a deserter , but then let him go because he could be identified by an innkeeper in Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

Forced laborers in Osterholz

Lower Saxony in particular tried to benefit from a four-year plan shortly before the start of the war, which recruited workers (mainly Dutch, Belgians, Italians, but also Poles) in neighboring countries. As a result, in Lower Saxony in 1939 there were fourteen “ foreign workers ” recruited for every hundred local workers . As the war went on, almost the entire male population fit for military service was missing in Osterholz-Scharmbeck ; 256 do not return and several hundred were taken prisoner of war.

The resulting lack of manpower could soon no longer be compensated by mobilizing the female population, which is why captured enemy soldiers, kidnapped civilians and (more or less) "volunteers" were drawn from the occupied territories. The International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg calculated around 12 million prisoners of war or deported civilian workers who, in autumn 1944, took up almost every third job in order to maintain war production . The prisoners of war in Lower Saxony were mainly used in agriculture; The Wesermünde (Bremerhaven) employment office was responsible for the Osterholz area . In “production” the prisoners were mainly needed in Bremen, ie at Focke-Wulff , Borgward , the shipyards and during the construction of the Valentin submarine bunker.

In Osterholz-Scharmbeck itself, only the Drettmann works offered themselves for this ; Another production site in the district was the ammunition plant Lw. 2 / IX, Muna Lübberstedt. Other tasks were assistance for civil defense , including an air raid shelter under the market square in Osterholz-Scharmbeck (between Stagges Hotel , church and fire station) by Russian forced laborers .

The city's war files, which were handed over to the British military administration in 1947, showed the following ratios for the period 1940–1945:

• Russians: 485
• Dutch: 219
• Czechs: 205
• Poland: 134
• Belgians: 90
• French: 69

However, not all of these people returned to their homeland:

• Nine Russians and five Poles are buried in the “Lange Strasse” cemetery; including a 15-year-old who hanged himself in 1942.
• A Russian committed suicide in Scharmbeck.
• A Russian died in a hospital in Bremen-Oberneuland .
• A Pole was hanged on the "Tinzenberg" after an attempt to escape in 1945.
• A Pole killed “his” farmer after the war ended in 1945 and was sentenced to 15 years in prison by an Allied military court.

Post-war period 1945–1949

Timetable	1945–1949: post-war period
1945	Helmut Lange is appointed district director and deputy mayor.
September 23, 1945	First political meeting by communists.
October 5, 1945	First meeting of the SPD .
1948	The church district of Lesum (former " parish Lesum") is renamed the church district of Osterholz-Scharmbeck.
September 1, 1949	The Osterholzer Kreisblatt is allowed to publish again: initial print run 3,500 copies.

New beginning

The Scottish unit, which with astonishment registered the British royal coat of arms in the monastery church (former personal union of the House of Hanover with the British royal throne), left Osterholz-Scharmbeck after about a week , as the Americans administered Bremen and Bremerhaven as important ports and Osterholz- Scharmbeck as a catchment area in June 1945. The Americans were determined to clean up thoroughly in Germany, and in Osterholz-Scharmbeck , too , a jeep - followed by a truck - drove through the "Bahnhofstrasse" to arrest all the carriers of the regime and to the Letow-Vorbeck-Schule in Bremen (near Bürgerweide ) bring to.

In Osterholz-Scharmbeck , too, the Americans initially counted on those persecuted by the old regime, and so in 1945 the former SPD member Helmut Lange was replaced by the American district commander Ltd. Colonel Reed was appointed first county director and deputy mayor . In 1946 Helmut Lange, who had lost a leg in the First World War , left for health reasons and Louis Biester was his successor.

The problems caused by the numerous refugees were enormous; cooperation with the military government did not work from the start. With only 30 employees, the district administration was completely overwhelmed. In addition, the military government stopped all payments of the Reich grants. This meant that 1.8 million Reichsmarks of these Reich grants were soon missing to pay out the pensions and social expenses (including to refugees) in Osterholz-Scharmbeck . The Americans had to "get" the money in Bremen.

Beginnings of politics

The communists held their first public political meeting on September 23, 1945 at the Tivoli Hotel ; their favorite pub is the restaurant on the corner of "Bahnhofstrasse / Lindenstrasse" (now an Italian restaurant), which is said to have been a typical proletarian pub before, which was originally mainly used by the travel workers. The SPD followed suit at the same location on October 5, and its local association held its first public meeting on October 28, 1945 in the Lohoff restaurant .

The Americans had even considered creating a closed area between Bremen and Bremerhaven , but the first mayor of Bremen, Wilhelm Kaisen, is said to have refused, saying that he was not after prey in the surrounding communities.

In any case, Osterholz-Scharmbeck was therefore assigned to the British zone of occupation on December 10, 1945 . The British removed the two-part division of local administration into a state and a municipal part. In addition, local politicians should be elected and democratically controlled; that is, the one appointed by the Americans was to be replaced by an elected district council , and in February 1946 the decree passed to elect a district council with 32 members. This was then able to hold its first meeting on February 8, 1946.

denazification

The British also had certain ideas about carrying out denazification and so 16 administrative employees were fired, although nothing was against them. Since no one was hired who was not 'denazified', the establishment of the administration was delayed.

An important task was the formation of a main denazification committee (May 1946) with the following composition: KPD (1), SPD (3) and NLP (2), which, however, only drafts reports in the lower categories, which, however, are usually provided by the British military government who reserved themselves to treat categories I and II on a five-point scale. If someone did not agree with the result of the committee, there was an appeal chamber in Stade . This procedure was very laborious and young men who had been drafted into the Wehrmacht at the end of the war at the end of the war could not study for years because they lacked denazification.

Nutritional situation

The food situation in Osterholz-Scharmbeck slowly became critical in 1946; in the areas of the British zone, the rations were set at 1014 kcal per person per day. The plight of the population has left its mark on Osterholz-Scharmbeck to this day. Due to a lack of firewood, all of the linden trees on “Bahnhofstrasse” were cut down, and many a tree was soon missing from the monastery wood. This destroyed the avenues that once lured so many Bremen residents to stroll to Osterholz-Scharmbeck .

1950–1971 reconstruction, "baby boom"

Timetable	1950–1971 reconstruction, "baby boom", first modernization
1952	Construction of the apprenticeship workshops on Waldweg: They will become the basis of the later district vocational school.
1953	Heinrich Horstmann School: Completion of the first construction phase.
1955	District hospital: laying of the foundation stone. Osterholzer Kreisblatt: third perforated tape-controlled setting machine in Germany in operation.
1957	Opening of the outdoor pool “Am Barkhof” (see also Allwetterbad (Osterholz-Scharmbeck) ) and opening of the stadium in the Klosterholz in Osterholz-Scharmbeck
1960	Local history museum: reopening and opening of the grammar school
1962	The Osterholzer Kreisblatt is switched to off-set printing.
1964	Start of construction on the "Am Koppelberg" estate
1965	Upper secondary school is established.
1965	Heinrich Horstmannschule: II. Construction phase
1965	Pavement of the market square
1967	Loger Straße: New high school building is occupied.
1967	Lintel: Commissioning of the biological wastewater treatment plant
1968	Start of construction of the L 11 expressway to Bremen.
1969	Commissioning of the L 11 to Bremen.

"Baby boom"

In order to meet the existing oversized demand for affordable housing in the 1960s and 1970s, which was also triggered by the baby boom, state-subsidized social housing was developed in the Federal Republic. The Niedersächsische Wohnungsbau-Gesellschaft mbH, which was owned by the Niedersächsische Landesentwicklungs GmbH (NILEG), the Norddeutsche Landesbank and the Federal Republic of Germany, was responsible for Osterholz-Scharmbeck.

Another special project was the construction of row houses on the Koppelberg, which also began in 1968. With the settlement, the city reacted to the general “baby boom” and created living space for families. In order to maintain the character of a garden city, a thinner settlement with row houses was made, the streets of which were loosened up with trees and shrub zones. In addition to the fences, hedges made of hornbeam were created to demarcate the property, creating a meadow and hedge landscape that offers ideal living conditions for some species of songbirds.

The "Koppelbergsiedelung" takes its name from the "Koppelbergstrasse", which, strictly speaking, is not part of the settlement, but rather connects "Scharmbeck" to Pennigbüttel via the "Stader Landstrasse" . The actual 'development' follows via “Am Rodelande” from which all new streets deviate in a fan shape. The street names are used to honor people who belong to the Worpswede artist colony ( Fritz Mackensen , Bernhard Hoetger , Käthe Kollwitz , Hans am Ende etc.). Two different variants of houses were used for the development; a single-storey version and a two-storey version for larger families. Since the end plots of a row of houses have a wider connecting strip between the back garden and the front garden, these plots were (originally) reserved for large families. The project was also handled and financed by Nileg , the Lower Saxony home workshop .

The tallest residential building in Osterholz-Scharmbeck on “Stader Landstrasse” was also located here; It was built in the early 1970s where Koppelbergstrasse merges into Stader Landstrasse and has six floors.

A total of around 600 apartments were built in the city, 469 of which are still owned by NILEG as rental apartments . Initially, 16 old people's apartments were built in 1964 in “Grüner Grund”, and in 1966 the three-story tenement houses were built in the area of ​​“Mozartstrasse” and “Beethovenstrasse”. This was the largest closed settlement project of this building company at the time with 346 apartments and a project volume of 22 million DM. A further six apartments were built in 1968 in "Schillerstrasse" and 31 apartments for the elderly in 1972 in "Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse". A few projects for large families followed in 1972 in “Blumenthaler Straße”, in 1978 in “Käthe-Kollwitz-Straße” and in 1984 “An der Lieth”. The loans have almost expired and there are still small residual debts to this day (as of 2007).

Current settlement projects deal with the Pumpelberg and the remaining horse pasture on the Koppelberg.

With the commissioning of the L 11 (the forerunner of the A 27), the city took account of the growing flow of motorized commuters to Bremen. In particular, Klöckner Hütte Bremen and AG Weser had recruited staff in the surrounding area or their employees had migrated to the surrounding area. This trend was to intensify in the 1970s.

First modernization 1972–1993

Timetable	First modernization 1972–1993
1971	The Weser-Kurier took over the Osterholzer Kreisblatt
1972	Start of the renovation program. Heinrich Horstmann School: 3rd construction phase
1973	Construction of a primary school in "Beethovenstraße" in Osterholz
March 1, 1974	Municipal reform: integration of the municipalities Freißenbüttel, Garlstedt, Heilshorn, Hülseberg, Ohlenstedt, Pennigbüttel, Sandhausen, Scharmbeckstotel and Teufelsmoor
Gut Sandbeck was bought by the city of Osterholz-Scharmbeck.
1977	Garlstedt : construction of a new US barracks begins.
17th October 1978	Garlstedt: Handover of the US barracks as Lucius D. Clay barracks to the 2nd Armored Devision (Forward) US Panzer Division (advance guard of the 75th US Brigade.)
6th December 1979	Opening of the all-weather pool in Osterholz-Scharmbeck
13/14. January 1980	Light phenomena over Garlstedt near the new US barracks. The NATO alarm riot is deployed. However, there is no trace of an alleged UFO.
1981	Occupation of a house "Behind the Wurth"
1982	Inauguration of the primary school in Scharmbeckstotel
1985	Blocking and redesign of the Scharmbeck market square area
1986	Opening of the pedestrian zone Marktstrasse / Poststrasse / Scharmbeck market square
1988	Osterholz Stadium : Completion of the installation of new athletics facilities
1989	The "Mittlerer Ring" bypass has been released
1989	Bahnhofstrasse: Car-free tunnel replaced the level crossing. The basis is an old pedestrian tunnel.
August 1, 1993	Withdrawal of the last US troops from Garlstedt; Handover of the Lucius D. Clay barracks to the army replenishment school, which was previously located in Grohn (Bremen).

Start of "modernization"

The year 1972 must be regarded as the start of the renovation, when the mayor and city administration successfully raised 13 million DM from the federal government; The background was the foreseeable community reform in Lower Saxony . On June 13, 1973, the Lower Saxony state parliament passed a law as part of the municipal territorial reform carried out, according to which the communities Garlstedt , Heilshorn , Hülseberg, Ohlenstedt , Pennigbüttel, Sandhausen, Scharmbeckstotel and Teufelsmoor with effect from March 1, 1974 into the city of Osterholz-Scharmbeck were incorporated. The urban area now covered an area of ​​146.8 km ² . The population grew to 25,300. Tribute had to be paid to this increased population, and elementary schools were established. And even in the city, after the war in 1945, it was not always possible to build with the quality that has lasted for decades. Thus the modernization program of the "Heinrich Horstmann School" was the starting signal for the general renovation . The acquisition of Gut Sandbeck represented a special circumstance ; Due to its historical importance, the city took over the building in 1975, but did not renovate it until 1982.

The city remained the seat of the district administration in the preserved and expanded district of Osterholz . The now secured importance of the city led to the redevelopment of the center of Scharmbeck, the aim of which was to combine “contemporary living, supply and communication options in a lively city center”. The 13 million should only be paid if the city and district could raise seven million DM themselves. The money was planned in 13 years at 65 meetings of the renovation and construction committee, which corresponds to a total debate of 200 hours in 13 years. In 1985, the end of the renovation of Kirchenstrasse / Marktstrasse was announced, as this area has now been officially inaugurated as a pedestrian zone. The following points can be noted:

• In particular, the 'fine work' from 1984 onwards consumed three million DM.
• The renaturation and fortification of the Scharmbeck brook and the renewal of the water mill wheel cost 700,000 DM.
• The expansion of the street “Behind the Church” costs 570,000 DM.

The remainder flowed mainly into the extension of "Baustraße" to divert road traffic around the new pedestrian zone in "Marktstraße".

• The aim of the pedestrian zone was therefore to create a spatially tangible experience area as well as to improve traffic, business opportunities, residential and leisure facilities. At that time, the creation of pedestrian zones was seen as a bulwark against the large hypermarkets, which withdrew purchasing power from the inner cities 'on the greenfield' in the area around the centers .

Of course, the renovation of the area was not finished; in particular the visual connection of the "house on the market" on the opposite side and the situation "behind the church" continued to be viewed as unsatisfactory in terms of administration and the population.

The extensive redesign of the "Bahnhofstrasse" was lengthy and was visually influenced to a large extent by the rationalization and safety of the ICE trains of the Deutsche Bundesbahn , as the four barrier systems in the city center were to be reduced. Only the barely frequented half-barrier system “Am Tinzenberg” remained as well as the full barriers on “Bremer-Strasse”, which were also replaced by a half-barrier system. Both are now (if not triggered by the automatic train) controlled remotely from the Bremen-Burg station . In the "Osterholzer Straße" to the district building, a complete traffic underpass was made; the barriers on "Bahnhofstrasse", however, were simply closed. However, the existing pedestrian tunnel was soon expanded and bicycles could then also be passed. The gatekeeper's house was demolished, de facto cutting the “Bahnhofstrasse” at this point.

US troops are stationed in Osterholz

In 1978 the barracks named after Lucius D. Clay were opened in Garlstedt with a 200-man American vanguard . These were soldiers of the 2nd Armored Division (fwd) "Hell on wheels"; an advance department - fwd stands for forward - of the 75th US brigade based in Texas , which was partially moved forward in the sense of a new NATO doctrine in the 'front-line state' of Germany. In the case of an emergency of a Third World War , it should be possible to move troops more quickly; or rather the troops should defend Bremerhaven as an important strategic point for logistics (also on their own behalf).

The construction costs of 280 million DM for the former military training area were borne by the federal government. With the billeting of 7500 Americans (4083 soldiers, 2500 civilians), the city's infrastructure had to be improved. Apartments had to be built for the 2500 civilians, later up to 4000, and for the soldiers who brought their families with them and therefore lived in the city. A US school was built in Buschhausen. Although, in contrast to garrison towns in southern Germany, no sealed-off residential ghettos were built, attempts at integration (e.g. German-American Club) remained rather attempted surface phenomena, as the fluctuation of this "advance department" was very high. After only one and a half years there was hardly a single US citizen in the city who had initially started his service there.

Certain adjustments resulted in changes in urban life:

• American road cruisers were part of everyday traffic in the city.
• The Becker-Imbiß , Poststrasse, was established, which also employed American civilians.
• US dollars could be used to pay directly at petrol stations and in restaurants.
• For a short time there was a night bar in Hundestrasse.
• The shooting festival experienced a new boom.

After several incidents, the Stagges Hotel discotheque (market square) was “off limits” for American soldiers. After the scuffles became the rule, another owner also issued an “off limits” in his discos Starship (Loger Straße) and Arena (Ihlpohl). This did not apply to the Racy (industrial area Osterholz / Pennigbüttel); the discotheque established itself as a meeting place for the white US soldiers, without major incidents, since the discotheque was run as a German-American club.

In the Kuwait conflict ( Second Gulf War ), most of the US soldiers were relocated to the Gulf in 1992. The Americans closed the barracks. In 1993 the barracks were handed over to the German Armed Forces , which they have been using since then as a troop school for logistics . The barracks in Bremen-Grohn were closed and merged with the barracks in Garlstedt.

Civil disobedience and Garlstedter Heide

The events of modernization did not remain without popular opposition. In particular, the plans to demolish the "Hinter der Wurth" houses led to a gathering of around 40 people in Stagge's Hotel , from which a house "Hinter der Wurth" was occupied. This was ultimately the hour of birth of the alternative cultural center Osterholz ; the former head office of Möbel Meyerhoff in "Bahnhofstrasse 39" was soon occupied, a circumstance that was subsequently allowed by Inge Küster, the owner of the furniture store.

Modern times (1994-today)

Timetable	Modern times (1994-today)
September 15, 1996	Local election in Lower Saxony: New election of the city and district council
September 5, 2001	Kidnapping of the Scharmbeckstoteler Dennis Klein from a school camp near Wulsbüttel
September 9, 2001	Local election in Lower Saxony: New election of the city and district council
September 19, 2001	Dennis Klein was found dead in a side lane of Kreisstrasse 135 between Kirchtimke and Hepstedt .
July 28, 2005	Tornado in the county seat; Wind speed 58 knots
October 2005	The topping-out ceremony "Bahnhofstrasse 99-105" continues the renovation of the core city.
December 6, 2005	Starting a series of fires: in Bahr angle burned straw .
16. – 19. February 2006	Exhibition "25 Years of Alternative Culture Center Osterholz ".
September 10, 2006	Lower Saxony local elections : New election of city ​​council , district council and local councils: Special feature: the mayor of Osterholz-Scharmbeck was elected for eight years.
March 16, 2008	A bomb should be defused. Large parts of the city were evacuated within a one kilometer radius. 7500 people had to be brought to safety. But around 2 a.m. local time it turned out that there were only extremely compacted layers of earth.
June 2008	At the place where a bomb was suspected in March, a bomb has now been found in the immediate vicinity. This was then defused under the same security precautions as in March.

Postal history of Osterholz-Scharmbeck

Little is known about the beginnings of a postal service in the city, but on July 5, 1665, the royal Swedish government granted permission for regular mail between Bremen and Hamburg via Scharmbeck and Bremervörde . Another post line existed to Cuxhaven via Burt, Osterholz, Hagen , Lehe , via the Wursten country via Dorum .

The Fleckengemeinde Osterholz had had a mail forwarding company since 1769. The establishment was owed to the opening of the Bremen-Hamburg post line , which ran through Osterholz.

The post-relay was relocated to another location in 1774 and stayed there until September 30, 1839. Then the old Heerstraße to Bremervörde was paved all the way to Bremen-Burg and the station was relocated.

The mail was distributed by a clerk in the city, while the mail was displayed to the rural population in a showcase and was taken by churchgoers to the surrounding villages.

When the railway line opened, the post office was relocated to the train station in the former Hashagen cigar factory , as most of the post lines with their passenger transport had become superfluous.

In 1882, in contrast to the city, the local post was already operating under the name Osterholz-Scharmbeck. A post office was set up in the old main office and provided very good service between 1914 and 1917. Letters were delivered three times a day, parcels and money items were delivered twice a day.

In 1924, a nearby house on Bahnhofstrasse was bought for 42,000 RM , the post office was increasingly centralized, and rural branch offices were closed so that they could be served by motor vehicle. In 1966 this house (built in 1906) was demolished and two years later a new building was moved to the same place.

The original post office in Poststrasse continued to exist as a smaller post office and later (around the 1960s) shared the building with a branch of the Kreissparkasse Osterholz ; In the 1980s, a new building was erected at the same location and the post office was moved towards the center in another new building there. This post office was also closed in the early 2000s. Today there is a branch of the Social Association Germany (SoVD); the post office moved to the corner of Bahnhofstrasse and Marktstrasse, also giving up the old main office on Bahnhofstrasse near the train station.

History articles of the neighboring regions

• History of Hamburg
• History of Hadeln and Sausages

literature

• Reelf Menckhoff: Chronicle of Osterholz-Scharmbeck. Volume 1: From the beginning to 1929 . City of Osterholz-Scharmbeck 2004.
• Ernstheinrich Meyer-Stiens: Secret main street . Saade, Osterholz-Scharmbeck 2000, ISBN 3-922642-40-3 .
• Jens Murken: "The story is like a lie to tell, but what is it ...". The district of Osterholz 1932–1948. Conversation with contemporary history . Agenda-Verlag, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-89688-047-0 .
• Hans Jürgen Otte: From Empire to Republic (1872–1997) - SPD 125 years of social democracy in Osterholz-Scharmbeck. H. Saade, Osterholz-Scharmbeck 1997.
• Johann Segelken: Osterholz-Scharmbeck Heimatbuch . 4th edition. Saade, Osterholz-Scharmbeck 1987.
• Gerhard Stalling AG, District of Osterholz (ed.): The district of Osterholz. Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1970, DNB 720043514 .

Web links

• geschichtsatlas.de
• What did the Osterholz Scharmbecker know?

swell

1. ↑ Osterholzer Kreisblatt of November 11, 2006: "Pictures of Jewish life in the city"; No. 265, p. 4 by Michael Wilke
2. ↑ Osterholzer Kreisblatt No. 99 of April 28, 1995; P. 3: "Big cloud of flames in the night sky"
3. ↑ Osterholzer Kreisblatt No. 108 of May 9, 1995; P. 4: "A picture of horror in Lintel" and "Bomb crater lay on Papes pasture"
4. ↑ U. a. Osterholzer Kreisblatt No. 259 of Saturday, November 4, 1995; P. 4: "Russians carved toys", "A transport of civil Russians is expected", "Foreigners support the production"
5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 244 .
6. ↑ Weser-Kurier of January 15, 1980.
7. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated December 9, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ U. a. Osterholz Week of June 28, 1996; P. 3: "Postal history in OHZ" May 1, 1996; P. 3: "Postal system in Osterholz-Scharmbeck" and from May 1, 1996; P. 3: "Postal system in Osterholz-Scharmbeck"