Friedrich (Hessen-Eschwege)
Friedrich von Hessen-Eschwege (born May 9, 1617 in Kassel ; † September 24, 1655 in Costian (?) Near Posen ) was Landgrave of the Mediat -Landgrafschaft Hessen-Eschwege , which was under the sovereignty of Hesse- from 1632 until his death. Kassel stood.
Origin and life
As the eighth child of Landgrave Moritz of Hesse-Kassel was born, he received Hessen-Eschwege due to disposal of his father, who shortly before his because of the threat of national bankruptcy of this country stands forced abdication of his son and successor William V imposed. At the instigation of his second wife Juliane von Nassau-Dillenburg , Moritz decided that a quarter of his land, the so-called " Rotenburger Quart ", was to be left to his sons from this second marriage. From this Hermann received the Rotenburg area, Friedrich got Eschwege, and Ernst received the former Niedergrafschaft Katzenelnbogen with seat at Rheinfels Castle .
Moritz himself lived with his second family in Eschwege until his death in 1632. During the Thirty Years War , Eschwege castle and town were destroyed and plundered at Easter 1637. It can therefore be assumed that the then 20-year-old Friedrich (“the great Fritz”) only moved into his residence in Eschwege after he married Eleonora Katharina , the sister of the Swedish King Karl X. Gustav , in Stockholm in 1646 .
Friedrich had a steep military career in the Swedish army, where he made it to major general . Nothing is known about military activities during the Thirty Years War . What is certain, however, is that he commanded a Swedish combat group in the war between Sweden and Poland (1655–1661). Because of his military activities, he was rarely in Eschwege, but spent a lot of time at the Swedish court. The administration of his part-landgraviate took care of the princely chancellery of the three brothers. Nevertheless, as a landgrave, he also looked after his subjects. He contributed significantly to the reconstruction of Eschweges after the Thirty Years War. His wife stayed mainly in Eschwege, as the birthplaces of their children show.
Under the company name Der Fliegende he was accepted as a member of the Literary Fruitful Society .
Death and inheritance
After the early death of Frederick (fallen on September 24, 1655 Kosten, Polish Koscian, in Poland), in the army of his brother-in-law Karl X. Gustav of Sweden, Hessen-Eschwege fell to his brother Ernst von Hessen-Rheinfels. After a two-year odyssey, his coffin was buried in the Marktkirche St. Dionys (Old Town Church) in Eschwege . The castle in Eschwege was assigned to his widow as a widow's seat, but she withdrew to her Swedish fiefdom Osterholz near Bremen. She died in 1692 and was buried in the princely crypt in the market church in Eschwege. The Eschweger Landgrave Castle was pledged to the House of Braunschweig-Bevern in 1667 as a dowry for his daughter Christine .
Title
His full title, immortalized on his coffin, was: "Fridericus, the brave hero, Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Hersfeld , Count of Katzenelnbogen , Diez , Ziegenhain , Nidda and Schaumburg ".
Marriage and offspring
Friedrich married on September 8, 1646 in Stockholm Eleonore Katharine von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg (1626-1692), daughter of Count Palatine Johann Casimir von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg (1589-1652) and sister of the Swedish King Karl X. Gustav. From this marriage the children sprang:
- Margarete (* / † 1647)
- Christine (1648–1702) ⚭ Duke Ferdinand Albrecht I of Braunschweig-Bevern (1636–1687)
- Elisabeth (1650-1651)
- Juliane (1652–1693) ⚭ 1680 Johann Jacques Marchand, Baron von Lilienburg (1656–1703)
- Charlotte (1653-1708)
- ⚭ Prince August von Sachsen-Weißenfels (1650–1674) , son of Duke August (1614–1680)
- ⚭ 1679 Count Johann Adolf zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1637–1704, divorce: 1693)
- Friedrich (1654–1655), Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Eschwege
literature
- Klaus Koniarek: Friedrich, Landgrave of Hessen-Eschwege. in: Who was who in the Thirty Years War
- Wanfrieder Chronik 2006. (unpublished)
- Hans-Günter Kielmann: Small guide through the Rotenburger Quart 1627-1834 and the Princely House of Hesse-Rotenburg. Rotenburg an der Fulda, 2002, ISBN 3-00-010155-1 .
- Kurt Holzapfel: News from the "great Fritz". On the 300th anniversary of his death. in: Das Werraland 7. 1955, pp. 43–44.
- Kurt Holzapfel: Landgrave Friedrichs Ende. Fallen 1655, buried in Eschwege 1657. in: Das Werraland 9. 1957, pp. 36–39.
Web links
- Hessen-Eschwege, Friedrich Landgrave of. Hessian biography. (As of November 13, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- National Museum Stockholm
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Moritz of Hessen-Kassel |
Landgrave of Hessen-Eschwege 1632–1655 |
Ernst von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Friedrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hessen-Eschwege, Friedrich von (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Landgrave of Hessen-Eschwege |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 9, 1617 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | kassel |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 24, 1655 |
| Place of death | Kościan near Poznan |