Kościan
| Kościan | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Kościan | ||
| Area : | 8.80 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 5 ' N , 16 ° 39' E | ||
| Height : | 75 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 23,880 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 64-000 to 64-009 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 65 | ||
| License plate : | PKS | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Poznan - Wroclaw | ||
| Rail route : | Poznan-Wroclaw | ||
| Next international airport : | Poses | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 8.8 km² | ||
| Residents: | 23,880 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 2714 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3011011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Mayor : | Michał Jurga | ||
| Address: | al. Kościuszki 22 64-000 Kościan |
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| Website : | www.koscian.pl | ||
Kościan [ ˈkɔɕʨan ] ( German costs ) is a city in the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .
geography
location
The city is located on the Obra , about 45 kilometers south of the city of Poznan .
geology
There are lignite seams in the outskirts of the city . Their formation is due to the fact that during the Cretaceous a sea covered the area of the place and in the Tertiary there were many lakes in the area.
history
In old documents the place is called 1242 Costan , 1289 Costhan , 1425 Costen and 1472, 1487 and 1520 Costs , later also Costenum . According to historiography, the Bohemian Duke Soběslav I had a castle built here in the 12th century in order to be able to keep the Silesians in check from here ; however, he died in 1140 before its completion. A hundred years later, Henry I , Duke of Silesia, Poland and Cracow, is said to have granted the clergy Kostens several rights; however, the year 1238 given for this is the year of his death, he died on March 19, 1238 in Crossen .
In the 13th century the settlement was a market town. Since 1296 Kosten has been under Silesian dukes, when the estate was divided in 1312 it appears as the capital of a district. In 1332 it was besieged by the Poles, under the leadership of Kasimir , the youngest son of the Polish king Władysław I. Ellenlang . A German occupation held costs until the residents gave in to the handover. After that, the defenders were killed, and from then on costs came under Polish sovereignty.
The town charter , which the village probably received in the second half of the 12th century, was confirmed in 1400 by King Władysław II Jagiełło . During this time the place was the second city in Greater Poland. In the 15th century, the city was the seat of a large district, the 24 cities, u. a. Babimost ( Bomst ), Wolsztyn ( Wollstein ) and Książ , as well as 574 villages and 118 parishes included. The place was also an important center of handicrafts . The place and its surroundings formed a small German language island.
The second Swedish-Polish War was a severe blow to the development of the place . From 1655 to 1656 the place was destroyed and burned down by the Swedes. The place was also destroyed several times in subsequent wars. After the second Polish division , the place became part of Prussia in 1794 . In 1807 the city became part of the newly founded Grand Duchy of Warsaw , but fell back to Prussia in 1815 due to the resolutions at the Congress of Vienna and became the seat of the Kosten district .
1856, the town was granted following the railway network with connections to Wroclaw and Poznan . At that time, tobacco and sugar beet processing were economically important for the city . The sugar factory, which had existed since 1881, was located directly at the train station; from 1906 to around 1945 there was a network of field railways to deliver the sugar beet to the west to the Kobelnik, Kokorzyn and Szczodrowo goods. At the beginning of the 20th century, Kosten had a Protestant and two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a Benedictine branch with a hospital, a Reichsbank branch and was the seat of a local court .
Towards the end of the First World War , Kosten came under the control of armed Polish rebels in December 1918 as part of the Wielkopolska Uprising . Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the city had to be officially ceded to the Second Polish Republic in 1920. The economy then developed well.
In 1939 the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht during the attack on Poland . Subsequently, it was incorporated into the German Empire in violation of international law . During the occupation by the National Socialists there were executions , expulsions and deportations to concentration camps in the city . 3,334 mentally ill people were murdered from the Kosten / Warthegau nursing home in the former Bernardine monastery, 2,750 of them were brought there from the Altreich on February 9, 1940.
Towards the end of World War II , the Red Army occupied the city in January 1945 . In the following years, German residents were evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities .
In 1975 the city lost its seat as the capital of a powiat and became part of the newly created Leszno Voivodeship . In a new administrative reform in 1999, the voivodeship was dissolved and the city was again the seat of the Powiat Kościański .
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1799 | 1704 | one third of them Poles , six Jews |
| 1803 | 1202 | |
| 1815 | 1450 | according to other data, 1662 inhabitants (after the Congress of Vienna , when the city became Prussian for the second time) |
| 1816 | 1608 | according to other data 1509 inhabitants, of which 188 Protestants, 1255 Catholics, 66 Jews |
| 1821 | 1620 | |
| 1826 | 1700 | in 212 houses |
| 1837 | 2044 | |
| 1843 | 2605 | |
| 1858 | 3321 | |
| 1861 | 3491 | |
| 1867 | 3716 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 3593 | thereof 840 Evangelicals, 2520 Catholics and 230 Jews (2200 Poles ); according to other data 3595 inhabitants (on December 1), of which 770 Protestants, 2553 Catholics, one other Christian, 271 Jews |
| 1875 | 3951 | |
| 1880 | 4442 | |
| 1890 | 4701 | 957 Protestants, 3546 Catholics, 196 Jews |
| 1900 | 5785 | mostly Catholics |
| 1910 | 7809 | on December 1st |
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 10,800 | |
| 2000 | 24,425 | |
| 2004 | 24,085 | On the 31st of December |
Gmina
Kościan is the seat of the rural municipality Kościan, to which the city Kościan itself does not belong.
traffic
The long-distance train station Kościan is located on the Poznan – Wroclaw . In the past, the Kościan – Opalenica railway began in the station and the Gostyn circular railway ended .
sons and daughters of the town
- Alfred von Chlapowo Chlapowski (1874–1940), Minister, diplomat and member of the German Reichstag
- Wiesław Banach (* 1953), art historian
- Michał Jurecki (* 1984), handball player
- Tomasz Nowak (* 1985), football player
- Klaudia Konieczna (* 1995), volleyball player
literature
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 338–341.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ A b c Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 338–341.
- ^ Walter Kuhn: History of the German East Settlement in Modern Times . tape 1 , p. 49 .
- ↑ Reinhard Richter: The field train to the sugar factory costs. In: Feldbahnen in the service of agriculture. Verlag Bernd Neddermeyer, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-933254-65-5 , pp. 249-250
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 534 .
- ↑ Koscian and Euthanasia in Poland , deathcamp.org, accessed October 10, 2015
- ↑ a b c d e Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 312-319, item 334.
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2, G – Ko , Halle 1821, p. 392, item 4415 .
- ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The State Forces of the Prussian Monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III . Volume 2, Part 1, Berlin 1828, pp. 96–97, item 1 .
- ^ A b c d Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 338–341.
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Office: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 40–41, item 2 ( E-Copy, pp . 47-48 ).
- ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 147-148, item 7 .
- ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de