Książ Wielkopolski
| Książ Wielkopolski | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Śremski | ||
| Gmina : | Książ Wielkopolski | ||
| Area : | 1.96 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 4 ' N , 17 ° 14' E | ||
| Residents : | 2715 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 63-130 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 61 | ||
| License plate : | PSE | ||
Książ Wielkopolski ( German Xions , 1940-1943 Tiefenbach , 1943-1945 Schonz ) is a town with about 2700 inhabitants in the powiat Śremski of the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 8,510 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
Geographical location
The city is located south of the city of Poznan and 14 kilometers southeast of the city of Śrem (Schrimm) .
history
The first mention of the place took place in 1193 when Mieszko III. left to the Benedictine monastery in Breslau . In 1273 Xion became a castellan's seat .
Presumably in 1407 Xions was raised to the city. In the following centuries, Xions remained an agricultural town and was owned by four noble Polish families. The city received the privilege of holding four annual markets . After the arrival of the Reformation , a church meeting of Lutherans took place here in 1560 . In 1793 the city came to Prussia . Since 1818 the city belonged to the Schrimm district in the Prussian province of Posen .
In April 1848, Xions was the scene of a Polish uprising directed against Germans and Jews in Prussia under Florian Dąbrowski; During the battle of April 29, 1848 , the city was partially burned down. In the 19th century, several ceramic factories sprang up in Xions and pottery became the main source of income for the citizens.
Xions had 962 inhabitants at the end of the 19th century, the place had a Protestant and a Catholic church as well as a synagogue . After the First World War , the city had to be ceded to the Second Polish Republic in 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty .
In 1939 the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht . This was followed by the forced evacuation of Jewish citizens and executions in the city on October 20, 1939. The city was initially renamed Tiefenbach by the local German occupation authorities, and the name was changed again to Schonz in 1943 by the Interior Ministry in Berlin .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the region was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . After the end of the war, Xions, which at the time had 1699 inhabitants, was returned to Poland. Since then, the city has been called Książ again .
Name forms
Earlier forms of the city's name are Kczin (1430), Kcynia (1441) and Kczynija (1480). In the 19th century it was known by the names and spellings Kschonz, Xions, Xionds, Xiondz, Kschions, Xiądz, Xiąz and Ksiązek.
Annual population
- 1800: 707, around ten percent of them Jews
- 1817: 775
- 1837: 1017
- 1861: 1067
- 1900: 962
- 1945: 1669
local community
The city and country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Książ Wielkopolski with an area of 148 km² includes the city itself and a number of villages with school boards. It is rural.
sons and daughters of the town
- Heinrich Graetz (1817–1891), German-Jewish historian
- Samuel Kristeller (1820–1900), gynecologist
- Karl Friedrich Scheithauer (1873–1962), inventor of a shorthand system and writer
- Theodor Hartwig (1878–1948), trade unionist and politician (SPD)
- Joachim Gernhuber (1923–2018), legal scholar.
literature
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 350–352.
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e f g Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the state of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 350–352.