Schrimm district

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The Schrimm district in South Prussia
The Schrimm district within the borders from 1818 to 1887
Kreis Adelnau Kreis Birnbaum Kreis Bomst Landkreis Bromberg Kreis Czarnikau Kreis Filehne Kreis Fraustadt Kreis Gnesen Kreis Gostyn Kreis Grätz Kreis Hohensalza Kreis Jarotschin Kreis Kempen Kreis Kolmar in Posen Kreis Koschmin Kreis Kosten Kreis Krotoschin Kreis Lissa Kreis Meseritz Kreis Mogilno Kreis Neutomischel Kreis Obornik Kreis Ostrowo Kreis Pleschen Kreis Posen-Ost Kreis Posen-West Kreis Rawitsch Kreis Samter Kreis Schildberg Kreis Schmiegel Kreis Schrimm Kreis Schroda Kreis Schubin Kreis Strelno Kreis Schwerin an der Warthe Kreis Wirsitz Kreis Witkowo Kreis Wongrowitz Kreis Wreschen Kreis Znin Schneidemühl Bydgoszcz Posen
Administrative division of the Province of Posen (as of 1899) District Bydgoszcz District Posen




The Schrimm district within its borders from 1887 to 1919

The Schrimm district existed from 1793 to 1807 in the Prussian province of South Prussia and from 1815 to 1919 in the Prussian province of Posen . The former district area today essentially belongs to the powiat Śremski in the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .

The district of Schrimm was also a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939–1945) during the Second World War .

expansion

The Schrimm district last had an area of ​​928 km².

history

After the Third Partition of Poland from 1793 to 1807, the area around the Greater Poland city ​​of Schrimm belonged to the Schrimm district in the Prussian province of South Prussia. With the Peace of Tilsit the area became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 . After the Congress of Vienna , on May 15, 1815, it fell again to the Kingdom of Prussia and became part of the Poznan administrative district of the Poznan Province.

During the Prussian administrative reforms , a district reform was carried out in the Posen administrative district on January 1, 1818, in which the Schrimm district was redefined. The area around the city of Moschin was added to the district from the district of Kosten and the area around the city of Jaratsechwo from the district of Krotoschin . In return, the district gave the area around the cities of Kostschin and Santomischel to the Schroda district . The town of Schrimm was the district town and seat of the District Office .

As part of the Posen Province, the district became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 , against which the Polish MPs protested in the new Reichstag on April 1, 1871.

On October 1, 1887, the district gave parts of its territory to two newly formed neighboring districts:

  • to the new district of Jarotschin, the city of Jarachevo, the rural communities and manor districts of Chytrowo, Gola, Lowencice and Wojciechowo and the manor districts of Lukaszewo and Niedzwiady,
  • to the new district of Gostyn the rural communities Jawory, Strumiany and Wycislowo, the rural communities and manor districts Daleschin, Dusin, Koszkowo and Ostrowo and the manor district Jezewo.

On December 27, 1918, the Wielkopolska uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen , and in January 1919 the district was under Polish control. On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles , the German government officially ceded the Schrimm district to the newly founded Republic of Poland .

Population development

year Residents source
1818 44,949
1846 51,280
1871 57,667
1890 52,790
1900 53,420
1910 57,583

In 1890 about 80% of the inhabitants of the district were Poles , 18% Germans and 2% Jews . The majority of the German residents left the area after 1919.

politics

District administrators

  • 1793–1795 00Carl von Tayler
  • 1795–1806 00Samuel Gottlieb von Sydow
  • 1818–1824 by Zoltowski00
  • 1824–1831 by Zawadzki00
  • 1831–1844 by Nosarzewski00
  • 1844–1848 Karl von Bornstedt00
  • 1853–1871 Funck00
  • 1871–1882 Friedrich Böhm00
  • 1882-1892 Ludwig Burchardt (1853-1892)00
  • 1893–1898 Richard Spendelin (1859–1898)00
  • 1898–1918 Martin Kirchhoff (1860–1929)00

elections

The Schrimm district together with the Schroda district formed the Posen 7th Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by the candidates of the Polish parliamentary group in all Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912 :

Municipal structure

The Schrimm district included the towns of Schrimm , Bnin , Dolzig , Kurnik , Moschin , Xions and, until 1887, Jaratschewo . The (as of 1908) 127 rural communities and 67 manor districts were initially grouped into (smaller) Woyt districts (Polish “wójt” = German “Vogt”) and later in larger police districts.

Communities

At the beginning of the 20th century the following communities belonged to the district:

  • Old Puszczykowo
  • Baranowo
  • Baranowo Hauland
  • Biernatki
  • Binkowo
  • Blazejewo at Bnin
  • Blazejewo near Dolzig
  • Blociszewo
  • Bnin , city
  • Bodzyniewo
  • Borek Hauland
  • Borgowo
  • Brodnica
  • Brodnica Hauland
  • Brbestownia
  • Budzyn
  • Bystrzek Hauland
  • Chalawy
  • Charlub Hauland
  • Chrzonstowo
  • Chrzonstowo Hauland
  • Chwalkowo
  • Czmon
  • Czolowo
  • Dachowo
  • Daszewice I
  • Dembiec
  • Dolzig , city
  • Dombrowo
  • Dombrowo Hauland
  • Three-wheel mill
  • Drzonek
  • Dziecmierowo
  • Emchen
  • Ester poles
  • Gaj at Blociszewo
  • Gawrony
  • Gogolewo
  • Gogolewo Hauland
  • Gondek
  • Gora
  • Gorka
  • Grzybno
  • Hirschdorf
  • Hohensee
  • Ilowiec
  • Yaroslavki
  • Kaleje
  • Kampratsdorf
  • Kielczyn
  • Kielczyn Hauland
  • Kolacin
  • Konarskie near Bnin
  • Konarskie Hauland
  • Royal Lubiatowo
  • Krajkowo
  • Kromolice
  • Krosno
  • Krosno Hauland
  • Krzyzanowo
  • Kunowo
  • Kurnik , city
  • Lipowka
  • Lucin
  • Ludwigsdorf
  • Lugi
  • Malachowo
  • Marianowo
  • Maslowo
  • Mechlin
  • Melpin
  • Mieczewo
  • Miedzychod
  • Moschin , city
  • Mszczyczyn
  • Murka
  • New ground
  • Neuhauland
  • Nieslabin
  • Niwka
  • Nochowo
  • Nowiec
  • Orkowo
  • Ostrowo near Schrimm
  • Pelczyn
  • Petzen Hauland
  • Pierschno
  • Podrzekta
  • Pozegowo
  • Prusinowo
  • Pucolowo
  • Puszczykowo
  • Pyszonca
  • Radoszkowo
  • Robakowo
  • Rogalin
  • Rogalinek
  • Runowo
  • Russocin
  • Sachsenfelde
  • Schonthal
  • Schrimm , city
  • Sea dwelling
  • Skrzynki
  • Sosnowiec
  • Sowiniec Hauland
  • Sroczewo Hauland
  • Steindorf
  • Studzianna
  • Sucharzewo
  • Suleyevo
  • Swionczyn Hauland
  • Swiontnik
  • Szczodrochowo
  • Szczytnik
  • Szymanowo
  • Trombinek
  • Tworzymirki
  • Unterberg
  • Waldau
  • Weissensee
  • Wieszczyczyn
  • Wirginowo
  • Wlosciejewki
  • Wlosciejewki Hauland
  • Xienginki
  • Xions , city
  • Xionsek
  • Zabno
  • Zabno Hauland
  • Zaborowo
  • Zakrzewo Hauland
  • Zawory
  • Zbrudzewo
  • Zwolno Hauland

With a few exceptions, the Polish place names continued to apply after 1815, and several place names were Germanized at the beginning of the 20th century.

The Schrimm district in occupied Poland (1939–1945)

history

Administrative districts and counties in the Reichsgau Wartheland

During the Second World War , the German occupation authorities formed the district of Schrimm . The annexation of the area by the German Reich on October 26, 1939 , as a unilateral act of violence, was ineffective under international law. The Jewish residents were murdered by the German occupation authorities during World War II . The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945 .

Land Commissioner

1939 Alfred Klostermann (1919–1945)-999900

District administrators

1939–1940 Alfred Klostermann00
1940 Ludwig Zerbst (* 1906) ( substitute )-999900
1940–1941 Mittendorf00
1941–1945 Ludwig Zerbst ( substitute )00

Municipal structure

During the German occupation, only 1942 Schrimm and 1943 Moschin received city rights according to the German municipal code of 1935, the other municipalities were grouped together in administrative districts .

Place names

During the German occupation, the place names valid in 1918 were initially adopted by an unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, but "wild" Germanizations by the local occupation authorities soon followed. On May 18, 1943, all places with a post or train station were given German names, mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions.

Larger communities in the district of Schrimm:

Polish name German name (1815-1919) German name (1939-1945)
Bnin Bnin Pier
Brodnica Brodnica 1939–1943 Hochkirch
1943–1945 Brodenkirch
Chwałkowo Kościelne Chwalkowo 1939–1943 Neudorf
1943–1945 Walkau
Dachowa Dachowo Dachenau
Daszewice Daszewice I New Steineck
Dolsk Dolzig Dolzig
Kamionki Kamionek
1875–1919 Steindorf
Steindorf
Kórnik Kurnik Castle town
Książ Wielkopolski Xions 1939–1943 Tiefenbach
1943–1945 Schonz
Kunowo Kunowo
1901-1919 Kunthal
1939–1943 Kunthal
1943–1945 Kuntal
(1939–1945 to the district of Gostingen)
Mchy Emchen Emchen
Mosina Moschin Moschin
Nochowo Nochowo Still
Pecna Petzen Hauland 1939–1943 Petzen Hauland
1943–1945 Petzenhauland
Puszczykowo Old Puszczykowo since 1940 Oberberg (1939–1945 in the Posen District)
Pysząca Pyszonca 1939–1943 Tonfelde
1943–1945 Sansberg
Radzewo Radzewo Radtstett
Rogalinek Rogalinek Warthebrück
Śrem Schrimm Schrimm
Zbrudzewo Zbrudzewo Oberau

literature

Web links

  • Kreis Schrimm administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 18, 2013.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  2. Historical, statistical, topographical description of South Prussia, 1798
  3. Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6
  4. ACA Friederich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Stuhrsche Buchhandlung, Berlin ( digitized version [accessed on August 8, 2018]).
  5. Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  6. ^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871
  7. Historical Society for the Province of Posen (Ed.): Documents and files on the history of the organization of South Prussia . S. 188 ( digitized version ).
  8. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  9. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history (dissertation): District of Jarotschin