Reichstag election 1884
The Reichstag election in 1884 was the election for the 6th German Reichstag . It took place on October 28, 1884.
The turnout was just over 60% and thus again higher than in the Reichstag election in 1881 .
history
The election campaign was dominated by the incipient colonial policy that had found the support of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and was advocated by the Conservatives and the National Liberal Party . In September 1884 Bismarck described "the whole colonial history" to Karl Heinrich von Boetticher as a "hoax, but we need it for the elections". Friedrich Engels commented in a letter to Eduard Bernstein that Bismarck had “made a splendid election coup with the colonial fraud. The Philistine falls into it, without mercy and en masse ”. That turned out to be a false prognosis: Despite the popularity of colonial policy, the German Conservative Party (DkP) did not win any votes. The National Liberals were able to win more mandates again after heavy losses in the previous elections. But the pro-government majority that Bismarck had hoped for did not materialize. The Chancellor had to continue to rule with changing majorities.
The German Progressive Party and the Liberal Association had merged to form the German Liberal Party . Together with the German People's Party , however, they only won 74 seats; in the previous Reichstag elections, the left-liberal camp had 115 members. This was also due to the rather skeptical attitude towards colonial policy.
Despite the continuing hindrance from the Socialist Act , the Social Democrats were able to double their number of seats from 12 to 24. The center , meanwhile, asserted itself as the strongest faction.
The distortions that the majority vote brought with it became increasingly visible . Since there had been no new delimitation of the constituencies since the Reichstag election in 1871 , urban and rural areas were over-represented due to migration. This hurt especially the left-wing liberals and the social democrats, who are stronger in the cities. The Free Party received 17.6% of the vote and thus 67 seats (16.9%), while the German Conservative Party won 78 seats (19.6%) with 15.2% of the votes. The Social Democrats won 24 seats (6.0%) with 9.7% of the vote, but the German Reich Party won 28 seats (7.1%) with just 6.9% of the votes.
Results
| Political Direction | Parties | Votes | Sit in the Reichstag | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in millions | proportion of | compared to 1881 | absolutely | proportion of | compared to 1881 | ||||
| conservative | German Conservative Party (DKP) | 0.861 | 15.2% | −1.1% | 78 | 19.6% | +22 | ||
| German Reich Party (DRP) | 0.388 | 6.9% | −0.6% | 28 | 7.1% | ± 0 | |||
| liberal | Right- | National Liberal Party (NLP) | 0.997 | 17.6% | +5.0% | 51 | 12.8% | +5 | |
| Left- | German Radical Party (DFP) | 0.997 | 17.6% | −3.2% | 67 1) | 16.9% | −39 | ||
| German People's Party (DtVP) | 0.096 | 1.7% | −0.3% | 7th | 1.8% | −2 | |||
| Catholics | Center Party | 1.282 | 22.6% | −0.6% | 99 | 24.9% | −1 | ||
| Socialists | Social Democrats (SAP) | 0.550 | 9.7% | + 3.6% | 24 2) | 6.0% | +12 | ||
|
Regional parties , minorities |
German-Hanoverian Party (DHP) | 0.096 | 1.7% | −0.1% | 11 | 2.8% | +1 | ||
| Poland | 0.203 | 3.6% | −0.2% | 16 | 4.0% | −2 | |||
| Danes | 0.014 | 0.3% | ± 0.0% | 1 | 0.3% | −1 | |||
| Alsace-Lorraine | 0.166 | 2.9% | −0.1% | 15th | 3.8% | ± 0 | |||
| Others | 0.013 | 0.2% | −0.1% | - | - | ± 0 | |||
| total | 5.663 | 100% | 397 | 100% | |||||
Remarks
In five cases, a candidate won two constituencies at the same time. In such a case, the mandate could only be accepted for one of the two constituencies and a by-election was held in the other constituency.
1) Carl Braun won both the Silesian constituency Sagan and the Saxon constituency Döbeln. He accepted the mandate in Chub. Eugen Richter won both the Berlin 5 constituency and the Westphalian constituency of Hagen. He accepted the mandate in Hagen. Heinrich Rickert won both the constituency of Danzig-Stadt and the constituency of Brandenburg an der Havel. He accepted the mandate in Brandenburg.
2) Wilhelm Blos won both the Braunschweig-Stadt constituency and the Reuss older line constituency. He accepted the mandate in Braunschweig. Wilhelm Hasenclever won both the Berlin 6 constituency and the Breslau-East constituency. He accepted the mandate in Breslau.
The result of the German Freedom Party (DFP) is compared with the added results of the German Progressive Party and the Liberal Association of 1881.
Elected MPs by constituency
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In each of the 397 constituencies , a member was elected by absolute majority voting. If no candidate achieved an absolute majority in the first ballot, a runoff election was held between the two best-placed candidates. The following tables show the constituency winners and their party status as stated in the official final result.
Prussia
Bavaria
Saxony
Württemberg
to bathe
| Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Constance , Überlingen , Stockach | Konstantin Noppel | NLP | |
| 2 | Donaueschingen , Villingen | Hermann von Hornstein | DKP | |
| 3 | Waldshut , Säckingen , Neustadt in the Black Forest | Ernst Friedrich Krafft | NLP | |
| 4th | Loerrach , Muellheim | Markus Pflüger | DFP | |
| 5 | Freiburg , Emmendingen , Waldkirch | Ludwig Marbe | center | |
| 6th | Lahr , Wolfach | Ferdinand Sander | NLP | |
| 7th | Offenburg , Kehl | Franz Rosshirt | center | |
| 8th | Rastatt , Bühl , Baden-Baden | Franz Xaver Lender | center | |
| 9 | Pforzheim , Ettlingen | Gottlieb Klumpp | NLP | |
| 10 | Karlsruhe , Bruchsal | Leopold Arnsperger | NLP | |
| 11 | Mannheim | Wilhelm Kopfer | DtVP | |
| 12 | Heidelberg , Mosbach | Julius Menzer | DKP | |
| 13 | Bretten , Sinsheim | Ernst von Göler-Ravensburg | DKP | |
| 14th | Tauberbischofsheim , Buchen | Rudolf von Buol-Berenberg | center | |
Hesse
| Grand Duchy of Hesse | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giessen , Grünberg , Nidda | Hugo Buderus | NLP | |
| 2 | Friedberg , Büdingen , Vilbel | Hugo Hinze | DFP | |
| 3 | Lauterbach , Alsfeld , Schotten | Fritz Kalle | NLP | |
| 4th | Darmstadt , Gross-Gerau | Justus Ulrich | NLP | |
| 5 | Offenbach , Dieburg | Wilhelm Liebknecht | SAP | |
| 6th | Erbach , Bensheim , Lindenfels , Neustadt im Odenwald | Ferdinand Scipio | NLP | |
| 7th | Worms , Heppenheim , Wimpfen | Heinrich von Marquardsen | NLP | |
| 8th | Bingen , Alzey | Ludwig Bamberger | DFP | |
| 9 | Mainz , Oppenheim | Josef Racke | center | |
Small states
Alsace-Lorraine
| Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Altkirch , Thann | Landolin Winterer | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 2 | Mulhouse | Johann Dollfus | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 3 | Kolmar | Charles degree | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 4th | Gebweiler | Joseph Guerber | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 5 | Rappoltsweiler | Jacob Ignatius Simonis | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 6th | Schlettstadt | Irénée Lang | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 7th | Molsheim , Erstein | Hugo Zorn from Bulach | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 8th | Strasbourg city | Jacques Kablé | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 9 | Strasbourg country | Alfred Mühleisen | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 10 | Hagenau , Weissenburg | Eugène de Dietrich | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 11 | Babble | Alfred Goldenberg | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 12 | Saargemünd , Forbach | Eduard Jaunez | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 13 | Bolchen , Diedenhofen | Henri de Wendel | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 14th | Metz | Dominique Antoine | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 15th | Saarburg , Chateau-Salins | Charles Germain | Els.-Lothringer | |
The parliamentary groups of the 6th Reichstag
In the 6th Reichstag several members of parliament did not join the faction of their actual party and some remained non-attached. Ten DHP MPs joined the center group. Since MPs had won a double mandate in five cases , but could only accept the mandate for one constituency, the Reichstag had only 392 members at the beginning of the 6th legislative period. Initially, the parliamentary groups had the following strengths:
| center | 109 |
| German Conservatives | 76 |
| Free minded | 61 |
| National Liberals | 50 |
| Free Conservatives | 28 |
| Social democrats | 22nd |
| Poland | 16 |
| German People's Party | 7th |
| Non-attached | 23 |
In the further course of the legislative period, the strength of the individual parliamentary groups changed several times due to by-elections and changes in parliamentary groups.
See also
Web links
- Statistical Yearbook of the German Reich (PDF; 161 kB)
- Result of the Reichstag election in 1884 with graphic
- Elections in Germany until 1918 , there:
- German history in documents and pictures , there:
Individual evidence
- ^ Horst founder: History of the German colonies . 7th edition, Schöningh, Paderborn 2018, p. 61.
- ↑ Johannes Kunisch : Bismarck and his time . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1992, p. 213.
- ^ Heinrich August Winkler : The long way to the west , Vol. 1: German history from the end of the Old Empire to the fall of the Weimar Republic . CH Beck, Munich 2000, p. 252.
- ↑ a b Imperial Statistical Office (Ed.): Monthly Issues for Statistics of the German Empire, year 1885, issue 1 . Puttkammer & Mühlbrecht, Berlin 1885.
- ^ German Parliament Almanac 1884. (PDF) Munich Digitization Center, accessed on November 20, 2009 .
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