Hirschberg district in the Giant Mountains

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Map of the district of Hirschberg (1932–1945)
The Giant Mountains with the Schneekoppe and the city of Hirschberg to the north on a map from around 1900

The district of Hirschberg i. Rsgb. was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the town of Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains , which had formed its own urban district since 1922 . The Polish successor to the district is the Powiat Jeleniogórski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Jauer , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the Prussian districts of Hirschberg, Jauer and Löwenberg-Bunzlau were formed from old Silesian soft images . Conrad Gottlieb von Zedlitz was appointed as the first district administrator in the Hirschberg district.

The Hirschberg district was initially under the Glogau War and Domain Chamber . When four Silesian administrative districts were set up in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms , the district was assigned to the administrative district of Reichenbach in the province of Silesia in 1815. On January 1st, 1818, the new district of Schönau was formed from the northern part of the Hirschberg district . After the dissolution of the Reichenbach administrative district, the Hirschberg district was assigned to the Liegnitz administrative district on May 1, 1820 .

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On April 1, 1922, the city of Hirschberg was raised to a separate urban district. This gave the Hirschberg district the name of a district .

On January 1, 1924, the Hartau manor district was incorporated from the Hirschberg district into the Hirschberg district. On July 9, 1927, the district of Hirschberg, which previously also had the addition i. Schles. wore the new name Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains . The official spelling Hirschberg i. Rsgb. by. On October 17, 1928, the Schwarzbach manor district was incorporated from the district into the Hirschberg district. On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which almost all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, the town of Kupferberg (the smallest town in Prussia in the Giant Mountains) and the rural communities of Boberstein, Dreschburg, Eichberg, Jannowitz, Kammerswaldau, Maiwaldau, Nieder Berbisdorf, Ober Berbisdorf, Rohrlach, Schildau, Seiffersdorf, Waltersdorf were part of the dissolved district of Schönau in the district of Hirschberg incorporated. At the same time, the district gave the rural communities Röhrsdorf (Riesengebirge) and Rothenzechau to the district Landeshut .

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia, which was dissolved again on January 18, 1941. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district area, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 77,787
1819 47,619
1846 57,069
1871 63.189
1885 69,732
1900 78,188
1910 87,952
1925 69,958
1939 79,918

District administrators

1742–1769 00Conrad Gottlieb von Zedlitz
1769–1805 00Otto Friedrich Conrad von Zedlitz
1805–1818 00Franz Anton von Vogten and Westerbach
1818–1832 00Karl von Vogten and Westerbach
1832–1845 00Gustav von Matuschka
1845–1849 00to Stolberg-Wernigerode
1849– 000000Hugo von Graevenitz
1867–1870 Hans von Kanitz (acting)00
1874–1894 Heinrich IX. Reuss to Köstritz00
1894–1902 00Maximilian von Küster
1902–1913 August von Pückler00
1913–1926 00Hermann von Bitter
1926–1933 Kurt Schmeisser00
1933–1937 Friedrich von Alten00
1937–1939 Fritz Schmige00
1939–1941 00Arthur Joachim
1941–1942 00Walter Bitter
1942–1945 Georg von Schellwitz00
1945 Georg Geist (acting)0000000

Local constitution

The Hirschberg district has been divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district last comprised three cities and 53 rural communities:

The Giant Mountains Forestry District also belonged to the district. The following municipalities lost their independence by 1938:

  • Arnsberg, to Schmiedeberg on April 1, 1938
  • Dreschburg, on July 1, 1934 in Kupferberg
  • Erdmannsdorf, on April 1, 1937 in Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf
  • Herischdorf , on October 1, 1941 in Bad Warmbrunn
  • Hohenwaldau, on July 1, 1929 in Rothenzechau
  • Kunnersdorf, on February 27, 1922 in Hirschberg
  • Nieder Berbisdorf, on July 1, 1934 in Berbisdorf
  • Ober Berbisdorf, on July 1, 1934 in Berbisdorf
  • Querseiffen, on April 1, 1938 at Krummhübel
  • Zillerthal, on April 1, 1937 in Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Hirschberg im Riesengebirge  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b c d Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  6. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
  7. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 257 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
  9. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
  10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 95 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  12. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  13. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  14. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  15. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. hirschberg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ↑ mid-May-December 1945
  17. ^ District archive Esslingen N 12 Bü. 3
  18. ^ Territorial changes in Germany