District of Ohlau

The Ohlau district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1932

The Prussian district of Ohlau in Silesia existed between 1742 and 1932 and from 1933 to 1945. The district office was in the city of Ohlau . The former district area is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Brieg , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the five Prussian districts Ohlau, Brieg , Kreuzburg , Strehlen and Nimptsch were formed from old Silesian soft images . Ernst Friedrich von Berge-Herrendorf was appointed as the first district administrator in the Ohlau district. The district of Ohlau was subordinate to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber and was assigned to the Breslau administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .

In the course of border adjustments between the Silesian administrative districts, the Grottkau district gave the town of Wansen and the villages of Alt Wansen, Bischwitz, Halbendorf, Johnwitz, Knischwitz and Spurwitz to the Ohlau district in 1816 . During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the district of Breslau, the villages Beckern, Jeltsch, Lange, Neuvorwerk and Rattwitz were reclassified from the district of Breslau to the district of Ohlau.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire .

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, in the district of Ohlau, as in the rest of Prussia, all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, the Ohlau district was temporarily dissolved. The city of Wansen and the rural communities of Alt Wansen, Brosewitz, Hermsdorf, Johnwitz, Knischwitz, Köchendorf, Marienau and Spurwitz came to the Strehlen district , while most of the district came to the Brieg district . The background to this was the emergency ordinances of the Reich President on austerity measures in the public service, according to which, among other things, a number of circles were dissolved. On October 1, 1933, the Ohlau district was rebuilt, but without the part that had fallen to the Strehlen district in 1932.

On January 1, 1939, the district of Ohlau was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia, which had only been united on April 1, 1938, was dissolved again and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	25,994
1819	34,402
1846	49,285
1871	55.020
1885	56,409
1900	54,497
1910	54,963
1925	57,463
1939	52,475

District administrators

1742–1759 00Ernst Friedrich von Berge-Herrendorf

1765–1780 00Johann George von Kottulinsky

1781–1805 00Hans Friedrich von Wentzky

1805–1841 00Emanuel von Hoverden

1844–1850 00Carl Arthur von Wrochem

1850 0000000Heinrich Dietlein ( acting )

1850-1853 00Heinrich Wilhelm

1853–1866 Moritz von Prittwitz and Gaffron (1819–1888)00

1867–1873 00Albert von Seherr-Toß

1873–1887 Emil Ernst Friedrich von Eicke (1828–1887)00

1887–1898 00Bernhard von Puttkamer

1898–1901 00Heinrich York von Wartenburg

1901–1909 00Erich von Strempel

1909–1914 Kurt von Hertzberg († 1914)00

1914–1917 00Heino von Heimburg

1917–1918 00Mueller-Baudiß ( representative )

1918–1919 00by Hoffmann ( representative )

1919–1924 Ferdinand Mackensen von Astfeld (1883–1969)00

1924–1932 Otto Ehrensberger (1887–1968)00

1932 Hans Bertuch (1880–1946)0000000

1933–1944 Rudolf Thiele (* 1876)00

1944–1945 Otto Braß (* 1887)00

Local constitution

The district of Ohlau has been divided into the city of Ohlau, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district of Ohlau last comprised a city and 85 rural communities:

Altbergel-Altottag Beckern Birksdorf Bischwitz Breile Bulchau Chursangwitz Dammelwitz Daupe German Breile German stones Dremling Ice field Frauenhain Freudenfeld Gaulau Giesdorf Göllnerhain Grasau Grebelwitz Great Eichau Gross Peiskerau

Grünaue Gunschwitz Günthersdorf Gusten Stop Heidau Hennersdorf Deer look Höckricht Hohenlinde Hünern Jätzdorf Yeah Yeltsch Jungwitz Kallen Crouch Klein Jenkwitz Small oil Klein Peiskerau Klosdorf Stoves

Krausenau Kresseheim Leisewitz Lorzendorf Markstädt Marschwitz March village Mechwitz Mellenau Minke Neubergel Neuottag Neuvorwerk Take Oder stones Ohlau Peisterwitz Peltschütz Polwitz Quallwitz Quosdorf Radwaldau

Rattwitz Rodeland Rosenhain Wrinkles Sackerau Saulwitz Shock joke Seiffersdorf Silingental Sitzmannsdorf Steindorf Temple field Thiergarten Thomaskirch Weigwitz Weisdorf Advertise Desert breeze Zedlitz Zottwitz

The uninhabited forestry district Rogelwitz also belonged to the district.

Incorporation until 1929

• Lange, on April 20, 1929 at Jeltsch
• Halbendorf, on March 29, 1919 in Wansen
• Jakobine, to Dremling on September 30, 1928
• Poppelwitz, on September 30, 1928 in Polwitz
• Rohrau, on September 30, 1928 in Saulwitz
• Bischwitz near Wansen, on September 30, 1928 in Wansen
• Baumgarten, March 31, 1913 in Ohlau

Place names

In 1936/1937 some municipalities in the district were renamed:

• Goy → Göllnerhain,
• Graduschwitz → Grasau
• Groß Dupine → Groß Eichau
• Jankau → Grünaue
• Kontschwitz → Hohenlinde (Silesia)
• Laskowitz → Markstädt
• Niefnig → Kresseheim
• Quosnitz → Quosdorf
• Radlowitz → Radwaldau
• Raduschkowitz → Freudenfeld
• Schwoika → Silingental
• Stannowitz → Eisfeld (Silesia)
• Trattaschine → Hirschaue

Personalities

• Curt von Prittwitz and Gaffron (* July 16, 1849 - February 16, 1922), naval officer, admiral of the Imperial German Navy and MdPH, born on Gut Sitzmannsdorf
• Bernhard Lichtenberg (born December 3, 1875 in Ohlau; † November 5, 1943)
• Hans-Ulrich von Schweinitz (1908–1972) German diplomat, born in Sitzmannsdorf

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 194–195, item 10.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 92–99 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

• genealogienetz.de: District Ohlau
• Description of the Ohlau district from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
7. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
8. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
9. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform 1932, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
11. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
12. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 87 ( digitized version ).
13. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
14. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
15. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
16. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
17. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. ohlau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).