Opole district

The district of Opole on a map from 1905

Location of the district in the province of Upper Silesia

The district of Opole was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1743 to 1945. Its district capital was the city of Opole , which had formed its own urban district since 1899 . The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

In the principality of Opole , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, Prussian circles were formed from the old Silesian soft images , including the Falkenberg district. Erdmann Gustav von Walspeck was appointed as the first district administrator in the Opole district. The circle Opole initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the district borders were changed as follows:

• The villages Dobersdorf and Malkowitz moved from the Opole district to the Neustadt district .
• The villages Baumgarten , Ellguth-Friedland, Ellguth-Tillowitz , Floste, Groditz , Hammer, Jamke, Michelsdorf , Piechotzütz, Plieschnitz, Puschine, Sabine, Schedliske , Schiedlow , Seifersdorf , Sokollnik, Tillowitz , Weiderwitz and Woistrasch moved from the Oppeln district to the Falkenberg district .
• The villages of Chorulla , Goradze , Grabow , Groß Stein , Klein Stein , Lowietzko, Mallnie , Ottmuth and Oderwanz moved from the Oppeln district to the Groß Strehlitz district .
• The village of Kobyllno moved from the Rosenberg district to the Opole district.

On May 15, 1899, the city of Opole left the Opole district and formed its own district . The Opole district has since been referred to as a district .

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole . In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 69.4% of the electorate voted to remain with Germany and 30.6% for a cession to Poland.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Opole district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which almost all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

In the years 1933 to 1938 the Turawa reservoir was created in the district . On April 1, 1936, the Opole district was expanded at the expense of the district. Parts of the communities Birkowitz, Halbendorf, Slawitz, Stefanshöh and Vogtsdorf were incorporated into the city of Opole. On April 1, 1939, the Karmerau community was reclassified from the Opole district to the Groß Strehlitz district .

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia; However, this merger was short-lived, because on January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians then began in the district, some of them from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	52,390
1819	50,170
1846	84,312
1871	102.099
1885	115,372
1900	107,911
1910	117.906
1925	128.077
1939	144,644

In the 1910 census, 76% of the residents of the Opole district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 20% as purely German-speaking . In the 1939 census, 76% of the population were Catholic and 20% Protestant .

District administrators

1743–1748 00Erdmann Gustav von Walspeck 1749–1759 00George Heinrich von Tschirschky 1765 0000000Carl Ludwig von Siegroth and Schlawikau 1765–1797 00Johann Ludwig Ernst von Lyncker 1797–1810 00Friedrich von Tschirschky and Bögendorff 1812–1813 00by Kölichen 1813 0000000by Dallwig ( acting ) 1813-1818 00by Zawadzky 1818–1819 00from Schwerin ( provisional ) 1819–1821 Paul von Haugwitz00 1821–1837 00August Marschall von Bieberstein (1782–1837) 1837–1844 00Paul von Haugwitz

1844–1866 Julius Hoffmann († 1866)00 1866–1867 00from Bünau ( representative ) 1867–1873 Elgar von Dalwigk (1827–1873)00 1873–1877 Kurt von Haugwitz (1816–1888)00 1877–1898 00Heinrich Albert Gerlach 1898–1922 Carl Lücke († 1934)00 1922–1933 Michael Graf von Matuschka (1888–1944)00 1933–1937 Johannes Slawik (* 1892)00 1937–1938 Bernhard von Derschau (1903–1945) ( substitute )00 1938–1940 00Friedrich Seifarth 1940 0000000Conrad Listemann ( substitute ) 1940– 000000from Oertzen

Local constitution

Since the 19th century, the Opole district has been divided into the cities of Opole (up to xxxx) and Krappitz, in rural communities and in manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

In the 1930s, the Opole district comprised the town of Krappitz and 135 rural communities:

Old Budkowitz Alt Poppelau Old Schalkowitz Antonia Biadacz Bierdzan Biestrzinnik Birkowitz Blumenthal Boguschuetz Bolko Borrek Bowallno Brinnitz Carlsruhe OS Chmiellowitz Chobie Chronic jam Chrosczinna Chrosczütz Chrzowitz Chrzumczütz Czarnowanz Dambinietz Dammratsch Ratcheting hammer Danietz Dembio Dembio hammer Look Dombrowitz Dombrowka Dombrowka on the Oder Dometzko

Dylocs Dziekanstwo Ellguth Proskau Ellguth Turawa Falkowitz Fallmirowitz Finkenstein Follwark Frauendorf Friedrichsfelde Friedrichsgrätz Friedrichsthal Georgenwerk Gorrek Goslawitz Grabczok Graefenort Groschowitz Groß Döbern Great Kottorz Great Schimnitz Grudschütz Halbendorf Halbendorf Heinrichsfelde Hirschfelde horst Jaschkowitz Jellowa Kadlub-Turawa Karmerau Kempa Klein Döbern Klein Kottorz

Klein Schimnitz Klink Kobyllno Kollanowitz Komprachczütz Royal grace Konty Kossorowitz Krappitz , city Krascheow Kreuzthal Krogullno-Gründorf Krzanowitz Copper mountain Cup Lendzin Liebenau Luboschütz Lugnian Malapane Malino Massow Muchenitz Munchausen Murow Nacle New Budkowitz New Schalkowitz Neudorf Neuhammer Neuwedel Ochotz Plümkenau Podewils

Proskau Przyschetz Przywor Quick look Rogau Rothhaus Sacks Sakrau-Turawa Salzbrunn Schodnia Schulenburg Sczedrzik Seidlitz Slawitz Sowade Straduna Süßenrode Sczepanowitz Tarnau Tauenzinow Tempelhof Turawa Vogtsdorf Wengern Winau Wreske Zawisc Zedlitz Zelasno Zirkowitz Zlattnik Zlonitz Zuzella Zywodczütz

The municipality-free forest districts Oppeln Nord, Oppeln Ost and Proskau also belonged to the district.

Incorporation until 1939

• Alt Schalkendorf (Alt Schalkowitz) , on April 1, 1939 to Schalkendorf
• Alt Schalkendorf (Neu Schalkowitz) , on April 1, 1939 to Schalkendorf
• Antonia , to Malapane on April 1, 1939
• Dammfelder Hammer (Dammratschhammer), on April 1, 1938 in Eichendorf
• Erlengrund (Krzanowitz) , on April 1, 1937 in Frauendorf
• Gottesdorf (Boguschütz) , on April 1, 1938 in Glockenau
• Groß Döbern , on April 1st, 1938 to Döbern
• Halbendorf , on April 1, 1936 in Opole
• Hüttendorf, in 1924 to Malapane
• Klein Döbern , on April 1, 1938 in Döbern
• Lerchenfeld (Kobyllno) , on April 1, 1938 to Heinrichsfelde
• Massow , on April 1, 1939 in Lugendorf
• Ostdorf (Schodnia) , on April 1, 1939 in Malapane
• Stefanshöh (Sczepanowitz) , April 1st, 1936 in Opole
• Grove (Borrek) , on April 1, 1939 in Klosterbrück
• Wengern , on April 1, 1938 at Königshuld

Place names

In the 1930s, numerous municipalities in the Opole district were renamed:

Alt Budkowitz → Alt Baudendorf Alt Schalkowitz → Alt Schalkendorf Biadacz → Kreuzwalde OS Bierdzan → Burkardsdorf Biestrzinnik → Ringwalde Birkowitz → Birkental OS Boguschütz → Gottesdorf Borrek → grove Bowallno → Walldorf Brinnitz → Brünne Chmiellowitz → Hopfental Chobie → Koben Chronic jam → Kranst Chrosczinna → Reisern Chrosczütz → Rutenau Chrzowitz → Oderfelde Chrzumczütz → Schönkirch Czarnowanz → Klosterbrück Dambinietz → Eichberge Dammratsch → Dammfelde Dam ratchet hammer → Dam fields hammer Danietz → mountain village Dembio → Reichenwald Dembio hammer → calibration hammer Dombrowitz → Eichgrund OS Dombrowka on the Oder → Eichtal Dometzko → old house Dyloken → Thielsdorf Dziekanstwo → Dechantsdorf Ellguth-Proskau → Frei Proskau Falkowitz → Falkendorf Fallmirowitz → Fallmersdorf Follwark → Vorwerk OS Gorrek → Kleinberg Goslawitz → Ehrenfeld Grabczok → Buchendorf OS Groß Kottorz → Groß Cooking Groß Schimnitz → Groß Schimmendorf Grudschütz → Gruden Jaschkowitz → Johannsdorf OS Jellowa → Ilnau Kadlub-Turawa → Spruce OS

Kempa → Mühlenbach OS Klein Kottorz → Klein Cooking Klein Schimnitz → Klein Schimmendorf Kobyllno → Lerchenfeld Kollanowitz → Kniedorf Komprachczütz → Gumpertsdorf Royal Dombrowka → Eichendorf Royal Karmerau → Karmerau Königlich Neudorf → Bolko Konty → Oderwinkel Kossorowitz → graze Krascheow → Schönhorst Krogullno-Gründorf → Stobertal Krzanowitz → Erlengrund Lendzin → Lenzen Luboschütz → Liebtal OS Lugnian → Lugendorf Malino → Malsdorf Muchenitz → Moosdorf Murow → Hermannsthal OS New Budkowitz → New Baudendorf New Schalkowitz → New Schalkendorf Ochotz → early morning Przyschetz → Lichtenwalde Przywor → Oderfest Sakrau-Turawa → Hochfelde OS Schodnia → Ostdorf Sczedrzik → Hitlersee Sczepanowitz → Stefanshöh Slawitz → Preisdorf Sowade → backwater Straduna → Tiefenburg Tauenzinow → Tauentzien OS Wreske → Heidefelde Zawisc → Winterfeld OS Zelasno → Eisenau Zirkowitz → Erlental OS Zlattnik → Goldenau OS Zlönitz → Glockenau Zuzella → slags Zywodczütz → Oderwiese

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 43-144 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 170-171, item 3.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 2 .
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general population census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 304–311 .
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Opole  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Rolf Straubel : Biographical handbook of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 90 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
10. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
11. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
12. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. oppeln.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
14. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)
15. ↑ ^{a b} District of Opole administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.