District of Görlitz (Silesia)

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Goerlitz district, 1905

The district of Görlitz existed from 1816 to 1947. Until 1945 it belonged to the Prussian province of Silesia and included areas on both sides of the Lusatian Neisse . After the Second World War , it continued to exist in the state of Saxony of the Soviet zone of occupation until 1947, excluding the area east of the Lusatian Neisse .

territory

On January 1, 1945, the district of Görlitz comprised 87 communities and the forest estate district of Görlitzer Kommunalheide. The seat of the district administration was in the urban district of Görlitz . After the end of the Second World War , the district, which was reclassified to the state of Saxony , still covered an area of ​​272 km² with 31,207 inhabitants.

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a large part of the former Saxon Upper Lusatia became part of the Liegnitz administrative district of the Prussian province of Silesia . The new Görlitz district was formed from parts of this in May 1816 . The district office was in Görlitz.

On January 1, 1820, the final delimitation of the Görlitz district took place:

  • The villages of Alt Seidenberg, Bohra, Kundorf, Neu Klüx, Niclausdorf, Ober Niclausdorf, Ober- and Nieder Rudelsdorf, Osteichen, Scheibau, town of Seidenberg , Wilcka and Zwecka were reclassified from the district of Görlitz to the district of Lauban .
  • The villages of Groß Krauscha, Neu Krauscha and Ober-Neundorf were reclassified from the Rothenburg district to the Görlitz district.
  • The villages of Gruna, Hermsdorf , Hochkirch, Kieslingswalde, Kuhna, Sommerseite and Thielitz were reclassified from the Lauban district to the Görlitz district.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On July 1, 1873, the city of Görlitz was formed into the urban district of Görlitz . This gave the previous Görlitz district the name of a district . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On October 1, 1925, the rural community Rauschwalde and on July 1, 1929 the rural community Moys from the Görlitz district were incorporated into the Görlitz district. On September 30, 1929, almost all manor districts in the Görlitz district, as in the rest of Prussia, were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. The Görlitzer Kommunalheide remained as an estate district , with the living spaces contained therein being spun off and combined with neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were reunited to form a Province of Silesia . At the same time, the communities of Heiligensee, Mühlbock, Schnellfurt and Tiefenfurt located on the eastern edge of the Görlitzer Heide were spun off from the Görlitz district and incorporated into the Bunzlau district under the respective association with the communities on the other side of the Great Tschirne , in three cases with the same name . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The province of Lower Silesia was formed again from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . The rural and urban district areas east of the Lusatian Neisse became a part of Poland, which today forms the powiat Zgorzelecki with the former eastern part of the Zittau district .

Soviet occupation zone / GDR

By order of the Soviet military administration , the part of the district west of the Lusatian Neisse was reclassified to the state of Saxony on July 9, 1945 . On January 16, 1947, the district was merged with the neighboring district of Weißwasser to form a new district of Weißwasser-Görlitz with its headquarters in Weißwasser , which in turn was renamed the Niesky district on January 12, 1948 . As part of the GDR district reform in 1952, the new districts of Weißwasser , Niesky and Görlitz-Land were formed. The part of the former Silesian district of Görlitz located west of the Neisse was thus in the district of Görlitz-Land.

Population development

year Residents source
1820 42,152
1846 60,162
1871 88,712
1885 50,998
1900 50,272
1910 51,843
1925 65,476
1939 60,675

District administrators

Local constitution

The Görlitz district was initially divided into cities, rural communities and independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

Municipalities on the right of the Lusatian Neisse

The following communities were east of the Lusatian Neisse and fell to Poland in 1945:

Several communities east of the Lusatian Neisse lost their independence before 1945:

  • Middle Sohra, 1930 to Sohra
  • Moys , 1929 in Görlitz
  • Nieder Sohra, 1930 to Sohra
  • Ober Sohra, 1930 to Sohra

Municipalities on the left of the Lusatian Neisse

The following communities were located west of the Lusatian Neisse, which remained in the reduced Görlitz district in 1945:

The following municipalities lost their independence before 1945:

Place names

In 1929 the municipalities of Kohlfurt, Dorf in Alt Kohlfurt and Kohlfurt, Bahnhof in Kohlfurt were renamed. In 1937, under National Socialist rule, the following changes were made to place names of Sorbian origin:

  • Deschka: Auenblick,
  • Krischa: Buchholz (Lower Silesia),
  • Niecha: Buschbach,
  • Nieda : Wolfsberg (Lower Silesia),
  • Nikrisch: Hagenwerder ,
  • Posottendorf-Leschwitz: Weinhübel ,
  • Sercha: Burgundenau,
  • Sohra: Kesselbach (Lower Silesia),
  • Sohr Neundorf: Florsdorf,
  • Tetta: Margaretenhof (Lower Silesia),
  • Wendisch Ossig: Warnsdorf (Lower Silesia)

These changes were not withdrawn after 1945, with the exception of Deschka and Tetta.

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Görlitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • District of Görlitz Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Andreas Oettel: On the administrative structure of Saxony in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony (Ed.): Statistics in Saxony . 175 years of official statistics in Saxony (Festschrift). Volume 12, No. 1 , 2006, ISSN  0949-4480 , p. 69–98 ( Online [PDF; 6.3 MB ; accessed on December 23, 2012]).
  2. ↑ Preliminary announcement of the district division of Upper Lusatia in the administrative district of Liegnitz . In: Official Journal of the Prussian Government in Liegnitz . tape 1816 . Liegnitz May 28, 1816, p. 1 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Change of the district division in the administrative district Liegnitz . In: Official Journal of the Prussian Government in Liegnitz . tape 1819 . Liegnitz December 26, 1819, p. 471 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 83 ff . ( Digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  6. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  7. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  8. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  9. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Görlitz (Polish Zgorzelec). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).