Melaune

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Melaune
Community Vierkirchen
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 20 "  N , 14 ° 44 ′ 45"  E
Height : 191 m above sea level NN
Area : 4.07 km²
Residents : 313  (Dec. 31, 2008)
Population density : 77 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1994
Postal code : 02894
Area code : 035827
Melaune Church
Watermill Melaune (2014)
Mühle zu Melaune (1932)

Melaune ( Upper Sorbian Měrjow ) is a district of the East Saxon community Vierkirchen in the district of Görlitz ( Upper Lusatia ). The community has its seat in Melaune, and one of the four eponymous churches is located in the village.

geography

The round square village on the western bank of the Schwarzen Schöps is located in the central part of the district, about two kilometers south of the federal highway 4 (A4), junction Nieder Seifersdorf . State road 122 (S 122; Löbau –A 4– Niesky ) runs through the village , from which the S 124 branches off north of the village in a south-easterly direction to Reichenbach / OL .

Surrounding places are Nieder Seifersdorf in the northeast, Döbschütz in the east, Krobnitz and Meuselwitz in the southeast, Neucunnewitz in the southwest, Buchholz and Tetta in the west and Prachenau in the northwest. The district town of Görlitz is about 15 kilometers to the east.

history

Melaune is originally a Slavic settlement that was expanded by German settlers in the 12th century as part of the second phase of German expansion to the east. The village Merowe (from Slavic mirowe = place of peace) was first mentioned in a document in 1239 in a deed of ownership of the St. Marienthal Monastery , when Wenzel I , King of Bohemia, confirmed the monastery ownership of the Niederdörfer of the Görlitz district.

The fact that the church in the Meißner bishopric smatrikel from 1495 was not mentioned indicates that it was only built in the 16th century as a subsidiary church of Meuselwitz . It is mentioned in a document in 1523. In 1550 the church was reformed; the service takes place in German and Sorbian . It is also documented for this year that Döbschütz and Prachenau are parish after Melaune. There is evidence of a school for the year 1602. The Melauner language change from Sorbian to German was completed by the end of the 17th century at the latest.

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), the Kingdom of Bohemia ceded the two lusatian margravates in the Peace of Prague of 1635 to the Electorate of Saxony . Hence Melaune also belongs to Saxony from now on.

In 1760 the tower and part of the church burned down. The tower was rebuilt in 1765.

At the end of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the Kingdom of Saxony ceded a large part of its land area to Prussia - including Lower Lusatia and the greater part of Upper Lusatia . As a result, Melaune is assigned to the Prussian district of Görlitz ( province of Silesia ).

In 1833 the community built a school house that was used as such until 1958. The church was rebuilt in 1845 and its interior renewed in 1896. The renovation of the watermill gave the population of Melaunes access to electricity as early as 1909.

In the Second World War the community lost 42 victims. During the fighting in the last weeks of the war, the bakery, the butcher shop and a farm are destroyed. After the war, the parts of Lower Silesia to the west of the Lusatian Neisse came back to the state of Saxony. The remaining districts of Rothenburg and Görlitz were merged until the administrative reform of 1952 . As a result of the reform, Melaune is added to the new Görlitz district ( Dresden district ). One year later the Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG) "Red Banner" of type III was founded.

In 1961 Döbschütz was incorporated, followed by Prachenau in 1974 .

In 1977 an open-air stage with an ice rink was opened in Melaune. 1985 the club restaurant " Thomas Müntzer " opens .

On January 1, 1994, the communities of Arnsdorf-Hilbersdorf , Buchholz and Melaune merged to form the community of Vierkirchen . As a result of the district reform in August of the same year, the municipality comes to the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District , on the southwestern border of which it is located. As a result of another district reform in August 2008, the municipality of Vierkirchen and thus Melaune belong to the district of Görlitz .

Population development

year Residents
1825 329
1871 423
1885 359
1905 339
1925 357
1939 342
1946 415
1950 417
1964 1: 631
1971 1: 604
1988 2: 796
1990 2: 755
1993 ²: 715
1993 370
1999 2: 732
2002 344
2008 313
¹ with Döbschütz
² with Döbschütz and Prachenau

In 1777, 10 possessed men , 7 gardeners and 21 cottagers were recorded for Melaune .

The Prussian census in 1825 determined 329 inhabitants. By the time the German Reich was founded, the population rose to 423, but two decades later it was back to 339. An increase to 357 in 1925 was followed by a moderate decrease to 342 in 1939. After the war, the population grew due to refugees and Displaced by over 20%.

The population of the municipality is increasing due to the two incorporations, but a decrease in population is emerging. In the five years from 1988 to 1993 alone, the population fell from 796 by around 10% to 715.

In 2002 the population of 344 was roughly the same as in 1939.

The Germanization process was already completed in the 19th century. At the beginning of the 1880s, Arnošt Muka just found a Sorb in town; the rest of the population is German.

Place name

Transmitted place name forms are Merowe (1239), Meraw (1394), Melaw (1529) and finally Melaune (1732). The name is probably derived from an Old Sorbian personal name Mer , which is based on Mir "peace". The Sorbian name is no longer in use today. Abraham Frenzel wrote it as Mirow in 1700 . Later forms are Mjerjow (1835) and finally Měrjow (1885 near Muka) with a change from - depending - to - ě - . Unlike the Sorbian name, the German name has changed from -r- to -l- since the 16th century .

Personalities

The pastor's son and architect Arno Eugen Fritsche (1858–1939), who stood out in the field of Protestant church construction, comes from Melaune .

The professional soccer player Robert Koch (Dynamo Dresden) grew up in Melaune .

Culture and sights

  • The Evangelische Jugendscheune Melaune eV is a center for child and youth work. At the end of the 1980s, the barn was converted and expanded on the parish property of the Protestant parish. A setup time home with 25 beds and a group room was created. Over the years, more beds were added in the parsonage built in 1911. Today, groups of up to 35 people can stay overnight in the self-catering house.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frido Mětšk : On the question of the German-Sorbian language borders of the 16th century in the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia and in the Stolpen office. In: Lětopis, Series B, No. 7 (1960), Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin 1960, pp. 83–132.
  2. ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved January 8, 2008 .
  3. ↑ Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , p. 348.
  4. ↑ Values ​​of the German Homeland Volume 56: Between Löbau and Herrnhut , p. 38.
  5. ^ Vierkirchen.com: The village of Melaune. Retrieved April 27, 2009 .
  6. ↑ Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 183 .

Web links

Commons : Melaune  - collection of images, videos and audio files