District of Lüben

District of Lüben, 1905

Kaltwasser manor around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

Dittersbach manor around 1860, Duncker collection

The district of Lüben was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. The district office was in Lüben . The former district area is now part of the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Liegnitz , Prussian circles were formed from the three existing old Silesian soft images Goldberg-Haynau, Liegnitz and Lüben. Ludwig Conrad von Schweinitz was appointed as the first district administrator in the Lüben district. The district was subordinate to the War and Domain Chamber Glogau, from which in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 the administrative district Liegnitz of the province of Silesia emerged .

During the district reform in the neighboring district of Breslau on January 1, 1818, the villages of Herrndorf, Merschwitz and Polack were reclassified from the Steinau district to the Lüben district. On May 1, 1818, the district office was relocated to Schwarzau near Lüben.

During the district reform of January 1, 1820 in the Liegnitz administrative district, the Lüben district received

• from the district of Bunzlau the village of Jakobsdorf
• from the district of Glogau villages Böcken, Eisemost, Friedrichswalde, Gühlichen, Heinzendorf, Herbersdorf, Neudorf, Neuguth, Nieder Gläsersdorf, Ober Gläsersdorf, Parchau and Petersdorf
• from the Goldberg-Haynau district, the villages of Buchwald and Fuchsmühl as well as
• from the Sprottau district, the village of Wengeln.

The Lüben district in turn gave the villages of Bienowitz, Briese, Grünthal, Herrndorf, Hummel, Kuchelberg, Merschwitz, Mittel Langenwaldau, Nieder Langenwaldau, Ober Langenwaldau, Panthen, Pfaffendorf, Pohlschildern, Rüstern, Schönborn, Sechshufen-Langenwaldau, Schwarzvorwerk, Thiergarten and Töpferberg angarten the district of Liegnitz . The district administrator got his seat back in Lüben.

North German Confederation / German Empire

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Lüben district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which almost all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1932, the town of Raudten and the rural communities of Alt Raudten, Brodelwitz, Gaffron, Queissen, Mlitsch, Ober Dammer, Töschwitz and Zedlitz moved from the disbanded Steinau district to the Lüben district.

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Lüben district was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district area, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	22,395
1819	21,734
1846	31,821
1871	33,277
1885	33,630
1900	31,584
1910	33,067
1925	33.991
1939	38,742

District administrators

1742–1754 00Ludwig Conrad von Schweinitz

1754–1759 00by Tschammer

1759–1763 00Hans von Kreckwitz

1764–1795 00Heinrich von Nikisch-Roseneck

1795–1800 00Carl George Friedrich von Seidl

1800–1821 00Ernst von Nikisch-Roseneck

1821–1828 00Sigismund von Nickisch

1828–1840 00Sigismund von Schweinitz, in Klein-Krichen, state elder

1840–1842 00von Schmettau ( provisional )

1842–1866 00Julius Bieß

1866–1876 Julius von Rother (1834–1899)00

1876–1886 00Ernst Louis von Uechtritz and Steinkirch (1820–1891)

1886–1899 Johann von Dallwitz (1855–1919)00

1899–1906 00Georg von Tschammer and Quaritz

1906–1915 Wilhelm von Lieres and Wilkau (1874–1948)00

1915 Walter vom Hove (1881–1932) ( substitute )0000000

1915-1919 00by Lucke

1919–1933 00Hermann von Stosch

1933–1942 00August Pfeiffer

1942 0000000Möllenhoff ( representative )

1943 0000000Pawlowski (by order )

1943–1945 00Friedrich Bourwieg

Local constitution

Since the 19th century, the Lüben district has been divided into the cities of Kotzenau and Lüben, into rural communities and manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district of Lüben last comprised three cities and 58 rural communities:

Alt Raudten Barschau Brauchitschdorf Braunau Brodelwitz Buchwald Book grove Eisemost Lazy jacket Friedrichswalde Fuchsmühl Gaffron Gläsersdorf Groß Heinzendorf Groß Kotzenau Great Krichen

Groß Rinnersdorf Gugelwitz Herbersdorf Herzogswaldau Jakobsdorf Jauschwitz Cold water Klaptau Klein Krichen Kniegnitz Koslitz Kotzenau, city War pagan Krummlinde Lerchenborn Lüben, city

Mallmitz Michelsdorf Mlitsch Muckendorf Mühlrädlitz Neudorf Neuhammer Neurode Ober Dammer Upper Gläsersdorf Oberau Ossig Parchau Petersdorf Petschkendorf Pilgram village

Polach Quitting Raudten, city Pass Sabitz Schwarzau Seebnitz Spröttchen Talbendorf Töschwitz Würtsch-Helle Zedlitz Ziebendorf

The uninhabited forest district of Klein Kotzenau also belonged to the district. The following municipalities lost their independence by 1938:

Old town, on September 21, 1922 in Lüben Dittersbach, on September 30, 1928 in Herzogswaldau Guhlau, on November 5, 1923 in Lüben Gühlichen to Lüben on August 1, 1923 Hummel, on September 30, 1928 in Gläsersdorf Klein Rinnersdorf, April 1, 1938 at Eisemost Lübenwalde, on April 1, 1938 in Ober Gläsersdorf Neuguth, on April 1, 1938 in Groß Heinzendorf Nieder Gläsersdorf, on September 30, 1928 in Gläsersdorf Samitz, April 1, 1923 in Lüben Wengeln, on April 1, 1928 in Jakobsdorf

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 222-223, item 11.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general population census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 204–209 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Lüben  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• The villages of the old district of Lüben
• Description of the Lüben district from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
8. ^ Official Gazette of the Liegnitz Government 1819, No. 52 . Ordinance on the new district division of December 15, 1819. Liegnitz, p. 470 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 93 ( digitized version ).
11. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
12. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
13. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
14. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
15. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. lueben.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).