District of Hoyerswerda

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District of Hoyerswerda
Coat of arms county
Coat of arms of the district of Hoyerswerda.jpg
Prussian Province Silesia (1825–1919, 1938–1941)
Lower Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district Liegnitz
County seat Hoyerswerda
surface 869 km² (1939)
Residents 59,303 (1939)
Population density 68 inhabitants / km² (1939)
Communities 77 (1939)
Silesia Lkr Hoyerswerda.png
Location of the district of Hoyerswerda

The district of Hoyerswerda was a district that existed in Prussia , the Soviet occupation zone, and the GDR from 1825 to 1952. The former district area is now part of the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district in Brandenburg and the Bautzen and Görlitz districts in Saxony .

geography

The district was in northern Upper Lusatia and was the westernmost part of Silesia until 1945 . It bordered on the west by the district Liebenwerda the province of Saxony , in the north of the Brandenburg counties Calau and Spremberg , on the east by the Silesian district Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) And on the south by the Saxon Office Bezirkshauptmannschaften Bautzen and Kamenz .

history

The district of Hoyerswerda was established on August 1, 1825 from the southern part of the district of Spremberg . The Spremberg district was part of the Prussian province of Brandenburg , but the new Hoyerswerda district was assigned to the Liegnitz administrative district of the Silesian province . The district office was in Hoyerswerda. In 1919 the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . This division of Silesia was reversed in 1938 and carried out again in 1941. Since 1 January 1939, the county Hoyerswerda led according to the rich now uniform regulation, the term district Hoyerswerda .

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . Since the district was west of the Oder-Neisse line , it was not placed under Polish administration like most of Silesia after the Potsdam Agreement . It became part of the Soviet occupation zone and incorporated into the state of Saxony, with which it belonged to the GDR since 1949 . During the administrative reform of 1952 , the states in the GDR were dissolved and replaced by districts . The districts were given the name district again . The western part of the district of Hoyerswerda with the city of Ruhland and the communities of Arnsdorf , Biehlen , Burkersdorf , Frauendorf , Grünewald , Guteborn , Hohenbocka , Hosena , Jannowitz , Kroppen , Lindenau , Niemtsch , Peickwitz , Schwarzbach , Tettau and Hermsdorf b. Ruhland came to the new Senftenberg district . The Hoyerswerda district was formed from the remaining district area and assigned to the Cottbus district . After reunification , this district continued in the Free State of Saxony until 1996 as the district of Hoyerswerda .

District administrators

1826–1848 00by Goetz
1848–1861 00Adolph Hans Georg von Götz († November 23, 1861)
1862–1881 Hans von Götz-Hünerbein00
1881–1886 00Alfred von Löbenstein
1886–1891 00Ernst von Gersdorff-Hermsdorf
1891–1899 00Friedrich von Lucke
1899–1906 00Willy Schwarz
1906–1919 00Friedrich von Hegenscheidt
1919–1928 00Egon Lenoir
1928–1933 00Max Saling
1933–1937 Fritz Schmige (1880–1974)00
1937–1939 00Herbert Matzke
1933–1944 00Wilhelm Behr
1944– 000000Heinrich Korte

Population development

year Residents source
1846 28,362
1871 31,138
1885 33,061
1900 36,778
1910 43,067
1925 54,259
1939 59,303

According to statistics from Arnošt Muka, 19,377 inhabitants of the Hoyerswerda district spoke Sorbian in 1884 , which corresponded to 58.2% of the total population. The official Prussian statistics, on the other hand, counted only 15,201 Sorbian native speakers (45.1%) in 1890, whereby it should be noted that only those people were counted who stated Sorbian as the only native language.

Of a total of 36,778 inhabitants in 1900, 32,141 were Protestant (87.4%) and 4,625 were Catholic (12.6%), the latter mainly around Wittichenau.

Communities

In 1939, the district of Hoyerswerda comprised three cities and 74 other municipalities. Some place names of Sorbian origin were Germanized in 1936 for political reasons. In 1945 these places got their historical names back.

Cities
Rural communities

In the 1930s several municipalities were incorporated:

  • Bergen , on April 1, 1938 at Neuwiese
  • Buchwalde , 1931 to Groß Särchen
  • Burgneudorf , joined Burghammer on April 1, 1938
  • Dreiweibern , on April 1, 1938 at Lohsa
  • Heinersdorf , on April 1, 1938 in Kroppen
  • Burgneudorf (until 1931 Königlich Neudorf ), joined Burghammer on April 1, 1938
  • Lipsa , on April 1, 1938 in Hermsdorf b. Ruhland
  • Neida near Lohsa , on April 1, 1938 in Lohsa
  • Ratzen , on April 1, 1938 in Lohsa
  • Rauden , on April 1, 1938 in Mönau
  • Disk , closed on April 1, 1938
  • Sella , in Grünewald on April 1, 1938
  • Weißig , on April 1, 1938 in Hermsdorf / Spree
  • Zerre , on April 1, 1938 in Spreewitz

Prussian municipal constitution

The district of Hoyerswerda was initially divided into the municipalities of Hoyerswerda, Ruhland and Wittichenau, into rural communities and independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipalities now used the name city . With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia , Brandenburg , Pomerania , Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

coat of arms

District coat of arms

The district has had a coat of arms with the blazon since 1935. Over silver waves in which a blue fish swims, a golden wall with three pinnacles, over which a silver oak tree with golden acorns grows in the blue field.

The coat of arms was based on the coat of arms of the city of Bautzen with the golden, three-tinned wall on a blue background , thus establishing a connection between the district and Upper Lusatia . The oak was a recourse to the first known seal of the city of Hoyerswerda , while the fish stood for the two large rivers in the district, the Spree and the Black Elster .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Hoyerswerda district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  2. ↑ Footnote in the Google book search
  3. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  4. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  5. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  6. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  7. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 95 .
  8. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 25 .
  9. ^ The census on December 1, 1900 in the German Reich (=  Statistics of the German Reich . Volume 150 ). 1903, p. 110 .
  10. ^ Eckhart Leisering: Coat of arms of the independent cities and districts in the Free State of Saxony . mdv, Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle / Saale 2000, ISBN 3-89812-069-4 .