Big Särchen

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Big Särchen
Wulke Ždźary
Lohsa municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 0 ″  N , 14 ° 18 ′ 20 ″  E
Height : 128 m above sea level NN
Area : 10.27 km²
Residents : 1120  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 109 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : October 1, 1995
Incorporated into: Knappensee
Postal code : 02999
Area code : 035726
Aerial view
Church of Groß Sarchen
Monument to the Sorbian folk hero Krabat

Big Särchen , Upper Sorbian Wulke Ždźary ? / i , with around 1200 inhabitants, is the second largest district of the municipality of Lohsa in the Bautzen district in Upper Lusatia , Saxony . The church village in the Sorbian settlement area is called Krabat -Dorf, named after Colonel Johann von Schadowitz , who lived in the village from 1691 until his death in 1704. Audio file / audio sample

geography

The black water in Groß Särchen

Groß Särchen is located in the western part of the municipality of Lohsa on the western edge of the Upper Lusatian heath and pond landscape and south of the Knappensee , which is fed by the Hoyerswerda black water. The city of Wittichenau is located in the northwestern neighborhood.

The federal road 96 leads on its way from Hoyerswerda to Bautzen through Groß Särchen.

history

In the years 1777 and 1907 remains of early burial grounds of the Lausitz culture were found, which indicate a settlement of the place about 3000 to 3500 years ago. When the area around Groß Särchen was repopulated, the place was laid out as a street perch village with a strip of land similar to that of a win . There is an entry under the name Zore in an interest register from the years 1374 to 1382 of the St. Marienstern monastery . The name transition Zore, to a much more similar spelling to the form in use today, took place relatively quickly; as early as 1467 there was a documentary mention under the name Serichen . In contrast, the community only received the addition of Groß in 1831.

Groß Särchen had belonged to the Hoyerswerda rulership since 1568 at the latest , but the change probably took place before 1510. A document from that year shows that when a second fishing pond was set up, the “poor people” carried out the necessary land exchange with such great willingness that the liege granted him extensive freedom. When the state rule of Hoyerswerda passed to the Saxon crown, the residents had their rights and privileges confirmed by Elector Johann Georg I in 1651 . This confirmation was to be of great benefit to the farming population of Groß Särchen in later years. In thanks for his help gave Augustus the Strong the colonels John of Schadowitz on 31 March 1691 the local Vorwerk including mill, brewery and Kretscham . This started the legendary period of the Croatian who was soon called "Krabat". His deeds, which were miraculous for the time (draining swamps, etc.) ensured the development of the Krabat legend and the rise of the Sorbian national hero. The colonel died very old on May 29, 1704 in Groß Särchen and found his final resting place in Wittichenau. The school, which was probably founded in 1600, was replaced by a new building in 1781/1782. The Vorwerk and the mill were leased to the local farmers in 1785, who were released from serfdom in 1799.

After large parts of Saxony were ceded to Prussia in the course of the Congress of Vienna , Groß Särchen was assigned to the Hoyerswerda district in 1825 . A great fire in 1852 destroyed 21 farms. The onset of industrialization ensured that in 1899 the brickworks and cement factory received a steam drive and in 1908 a railway connection to Groß Särchen was established (discontinued in 1963). The first field surveys and boreholes to prepare for brown coal mining were carried out in 1910. The first coal field purchases by Joseph Werminghoff's Eintracht brown coal works were made in 1913. The First World War slowed down the further development of coal mining in Groß Särchen, so that it was not until 1918 that brown coal could be mined. The place got electricity in 1921, and "light festivals" were celebrated. The school in the neighboring municipality of Buchwalde was closed in 1930 and the municipality was dissolved the following year due to the Werminghoff I opencast mine .

After the Second World War, schools were resumed in German and Sorbian . The flooded Knappensee developed into a holiday destination for GDR citizens. In 1956 a canoe club was founded, and in 1961 a rescue center was built on the lake. The collectivization of agriculture was completed on April 24, 1960 with the signing of the LPG statute . The changed energy policy in the early days of the reunification meant the loss of a major employer for the population of Groß Särchen, which often led to relocations. The community of Groß Särchen merged with the communities of Koblenz and Wartha on October 1, 1995 to form the community of Knappensee . When this was dissolved on January 1, 2005, the districts of Groß Särchen and Koblenz were incorporated into the municipality of Lohsa , while Wartha came to Königswartha .

A protection system for otters that live near the village on the Schwarzwasser was built in 2000 on the main road, including protective fences and a crossing option.

Population and language

year Residents
1825 396
1871 572
1885 509
1905 519
1925 1088
1939 963
1946 1125
1950 1201
1964 1220
1990 1121
1993 1088
2007 1215
2009 1188

In 1568, 24 possessed men and 27 gardeners lived in Groß Särchen . By 1777 the general land ownership was reduced, so that only 21 possessed men and eight gardeners lived in the place, but 40 cottagers were counted.

For his statistics on the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia, Arnošt Muka determined a population of 519 in the 1880s, including 510 Sorbs (98%) and only nine Germans. The coal mining in the nearby Werminghoff mine and the associated industrialization ensured a doubling of the population to over 1000 between 1905 and 1925, whereby the linguistic conditions changed completely due to the strong influx and the Sorbian speakers became a minority. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking portion of only 33.9% of the population in the community. Today the language has largely disappeared from everyday local life.

The number of inhabitants rose slightly through the entire 20th century, although in the early days after the fall of the Wall there was a slight decrease due to people moving away after unemployment.

church

Groß Särchen is the location of a Protestant parish to which the surrounding towns of Koblenz, Maukendorf and the Protestant population of Rachlaus belong. Buchwalde was a parish until it was demolished in the 1930s, and Wartha and the Werminghoff settlement also belonged to the parish as guests .

Around 1540 the parish became Protestant, while the neighboring Wittichenau parish remained Catholic. The church from the 12th or 13th century was replaced by a new one in 1590, which in turn had to give way to the new building of the current church in the 18th century. A late Gothic crucifix and the Last Supper table have been preserved from the first church, the altar and pulpit have been taken from the second.

The tower was built in 1750. The church got a Ladegast organ in 1867.

traffic

Groß Särchen is on the regional bus routes of the Oberlausitz regional bus from Bautzen to Hoyerswerda. Since November 2015, long-distance buses from MFB MeinFernbus have been running three to four times a day between Bautzen and Berlin with a stop in Groß Särchen if required.

literature

  • Dietmar Neß: Krabat's last home: Groß Särchen. A village in Upper Lusatia . 1st edition. Lausitzer Werkstätten, Hoyerswerda 2000.
  • Krabat Village Club & Heimatverein Knappensee / Groß Särchen e. V. (Ed.): Groß Särchen. 625 years ... and more. A festive picture sheet . 2000.
  • Otter protection on roads. B 96 between Groß Särchen and Maukendorf . In: Saxon State Ministry for Economics and Labor (Ed.): Series of publications by the Saxon road administration . No. 14 . Dresden 2001.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1995
  2. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2005
  3. ↑ Groß Särchen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  4. ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved April 17, 2008 .
  5. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
  6. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 249 .

Web links

Commons : Groß Särchen / Wulke Zdźary  - Collection of images, videos and audio files