St. Marienstern Monastery
| St. Marienstern Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Monastery complex of the abbey |
|
| location |
 Germany Saxony Panschwitz-Kuckau |
| Lies in the diocese | Dresden-Meissen |
| Coordinates: | 51 ° 13 '57.6 " N , 14 ° 12' 4.6" E |
| Patronage | Assumption Day |
| founding year | 1248 |
| Congregation | 2014 incorporated directly into the Order (OCist) |
The Sankt Marienstern Kloster ( latin Abbatia Stellae BMV ; Sorbian convent Marijina Hwězda ) is a Zisterzienserinnen - Abbey and is located in panschwitz-kuckau in Saxon Oberlausitz . For the Catholic Christians in the area, St. Marienstern is an important cultural and religious center.
The abbey is one of the few monasteries that has existed without interruption since it was founded in 1248. Due to this continuity, the relatively isolated location, which also contributed to the protection against major warlike influences, as well as due to fortunate historical coincidences - in particular the traditional recession , which secured the existence in the Protestant Electorate of Saxony , and the remaining in the Kingdom of Saxony after 1815 - remained in the Monastery received monastic furnishings ( relics and reliquaries , vasa sacra , manuscripts ) that are unique in German-speaking countries , the acquisition of which can in part be traced back to the family of the founders. The first Saxon State Exhibition , which took place in the abbey in 1998, made these treasures accessible to the general public for the first time.
In 2018, twelve nuns with solemn profession form the convent . Abbess has been Gabriela Hesse OCist since 2018. In addition to the solemn prayer of the hours, the sisters devote themselves to pastoral care , work in the house and garden as well as the care, training and employment of disabled people.
Parts of the monastery are open to the public - monastery church , monastery garden , monastery museum (treasury), monastery restaurant and monastery shop.
history
The monastery Sankt Marienstern was founded in 1248 by the lords of Vesta from the family of the taverns of Vargula , owners of the castle and the extensive manor of Kamenz , which later became Upper Lusatia in the settlement area of the Sorbs , and provided with the income and labor from 52 villages and 2 cities .
In 1250 the monastery was accepted into the Cistercian order and placed under the supervision of the Altzella monastery near Nossen in (Saxony). The Margraves of Brandenburg , who owned Bautzen and Görlitz as a fief of their brother-in-law, the King of Bohemia , placed the abbey under their protection in 1264. The main construction period of the monastery was from 1280 under the bishop Bernhard von Kamenz . By 1285, the associated extensive manor and its income came into the administration of the monastery.
When King John of Bohemia acquired rule over Upper Lusatia in 1318 , he also took over the protection of the monastery. During the Hussite wars the monastery in connection with the siege of Kamenz at 7 October 1429 was supported by a department of the armed forces of the Czech Hussites plundered and pillaged subjected when no ransom was paid. The nuns of the abbey had fled from the impending danger to the nearby, heavily fortified town of Bautzen (see literature). In the Middle Ages, St. Marienstern acquired extensive estates (see "Monastery maintenance"). To exercise this rule over the extensive land holdings of the monastery and its income, the abbesses appointed cloister stewards who came from the Upper Lusatian nobility . Since the 15th century, the monastery was one of the states eligible for parliament in the margraviate of Upper Lusatia . It was represented in the state parliament by the court master.
The monastery survived the Reformation period and some of the parishes under the church patronage of St. Marienstern remained Roman Catholic. The abbesses fought with the city of Bernstadt for decades about the religious affiliation of the local pastors until the Evangelical Lutheran citizens finally prevailed. After the abolition of the Altzella monastery in 1540, there was long controversy as to who should take over the visits to the nunnery and its pastors . Both the abbots of the Neuzelle monastery and the dean of Bautzen , Johann Leisentrit, made claims . At the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century, Marienstern was visited several times by the Bohemian abbots from Strahov and Königsaal .
During the Thirty Years War , the St. Marienstern Monastery was plundered and damaged by troops of the Evangelical Lutheran Swedes . The convent fled to the Blesen monastery (today Bledzew in Poland ). After the war, the convent returned and the war damage was repaired. The traditional recession of 1635 ensured the continued existence of the Catholic monastery under the rule of the Evangelical Lutheran Electors of Saxony, which was now beginning.
With the coronation of Elector Friedrich August I of Saxony as August II as King of Poland and the associated conversion of the Saxon ruling family to the Roman Catholic faith, there were close ties between the St. Marienstern monastery and the Saxon ruling house. During the Great Northern War , the convent fled again from St. Marienstern, this time to Leitmeritz in Bohemia . After the end of the war and the return of the nuns, the baroque reconstruction of the monastery took place from 1716 to 1732 .
After the secularization of the Neuzelle monastery, St. Marienstern came under the supervision of the abbots of the Osseg monastery in Bohemia (today Osek in the Czech Republic). In 1826 the St. Joseph Institute , a girls' school with boarding school, was founded. From 1848 to 1872, during the end of hereditary submission after 1848 and the liberation of the peasants , the monastery villages of the manorial system were relieved of their financial obligations and labor. The peasant subjects of the monastery were able to buy their way out of hereditary servitude and compulsory labor over a period of 20 years. During the revolution of 1848, the Saxon bourgeois circles unsuccessfully demanded the dissolution of the St. Marienstern monastery. In 1871 the papal cloister was introduced with stricter rules for monastic community life in the monastery.
After the end of the First World War and the revolutionary year of 1918 as well as the end of the monarchy in Germany, the first diocesan synod of the re-established diocese of Meissen was held in 1923 in St. Marienstern, under the direction of Bishop Christian Schreiber . After the seizure of power by the Nazis that was convent school for girls in St. Marienstern 1933 closed. During the Second World War , German resettlers from Bessarabia were initially quartered in the monastery . Other war refugees and displaced persons followed later . In 1945 part of the convent fled again to the Bohemian monastery in Osseg. The monastery continued to exist after the GDR was founded in 1949. The monastery brought its land to church agriculture and forestry , the administration of which managed all church property of the diocese of Meissen under the patronage of the bishop. In 1973 the Maria Martha Home for disabled girls was opened in the monastery .
From 1966 to 1998 the entire monastery complex was extensively renovated and restored. In 1998 the first Saxon state exhibition "Time and Eternity - 128 Days" took place here on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the foundation. The convention had also opened parts of the enclosure for the exhibition and its visitors .
Until recently, the abbey belonged to the Bohemian Cistercian Congregation of the “Purest Heart of Mary” ( Congregatio Purissimi Cordis BMV ), which was formed in 1923 and which also included the Osek Monastery, which was closed in 2008 and whose abbot it oversaw. After the dissolution of the congregation in 2014, it was directly subordinate to the Abbot General of the Cistercian Order and no longer belongs to an internal monastery association.
brewery
In 1700 the St. Marienstern monastery brewery was founded, which existed until 1973. Production had to be stopped by order of the GDR government. Today's “Kloster St. Marienstern - Klosterbräu” is made in Wittichenau .
Environmental and teaching garden
The environmental and educational garden of the monastery, which has existed since 1994, is part of the garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse .
Monastery maintenance
The administration of the large estates and their income, which were formerly owned by St. Marienstern and to which, in addition to more than two dozen mostly Sorbian villages, also included the two rural towns of Wittichenau and Bernstadt until 1848, was referred to as monastery maintenance or manorial rule . The core of the monastic area at that time consisted of the richer "Oberland" (Horjany) around Panschwitz, Crostwitz and Nebelschütz and the poorer, less fertile "Netherlands" ( Delany ) between Räckelwitz and Wittichenau. The distinction and resulting minor rivalries still exist today.
The area of the former lordship of the Sankt Marienstern monastery essentially coincided with today's Catholic-Sorbian core area in Upper Lusatia . In contrast to the Evangelical Lutheran part of the Sorbian settlement area , Sorbian is still the everyday language of the majority of the population.
Abbey church
The late Gothic hall church is one of the oldest buildings in the monastery. The three-aisled building is structured by seven bays . A special feature is that the lower part of the south aisle, which is separated from the church by a wall, also forms the northern wing of the cloister , while on the upper part there is the so-called Chorgasse, which acts as a connecting passage between the living rooms of the sisters and the The nun's gallery is used, which is located above the church portal in the western central nave. The ribbed vault is supported by two rows of octagonal pillars made of brick alternating with stone (similar to the church in Neisse ) and is provided with partly richly decorated keystones .
organ
The organ , built by the Eule company , has 1326 pipes in 20 registers , divided into two manuals and a pedal . It was built in 1997 on the side gallery and inaugurated on October 21 of the same year. Previously, the Jehmlich organ from the Dresden court church was used, which was made available to the monastery in gratitude for the Silbermann organ that was moved to its cloister during the Second World War .
- Disposition
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- Coupling (as moves and kicks in interaction): II-I, IP, II-P
Abbesses
The years in the following list correspond to the documentary evidence of the respective abbess, not necessarily the full reign.
- 1. Mabilia von Kamenz , (not documented)
- 2. Agnes von Kamenz, (not documented)
- 3. Elisabeth von Crostwitz , 1264-1292
- 4. Kunigunde, 1301-1317
- 5. Utha (Ottilia), 1333
- 6. Adelheid von Colditz , 1334–1355
- 7. Mofka (Monica) von Colditz, 1365-1374
- 8. Amabilia von Colditz, 1374-1377
- 9. Anna von Camenz, 1382-1388
- 10. Sophia von Leisnig , 1405-1426
- 11. Eneda von Waldow , 1426-1433
- 12. Elisabeth von Lobkowitz (?), 1435–1444
- 12a. Barbara, 1456 (death is documented)
- 13. Barbara von Nostitz , 1456–1487
- 14. Elisabeth von Haugwitz , 1491–1515
- 15. Elisabeth von Temritz , 1515–1523
- 16. Margareta von Metzrad , 1524–1543
- 17. Elisabeth von Schreibersdorff , 1544–1551
- 18. Anna von Loeben , 1551–1554
- 19. Anna von Baudissin , 1554–1565
- 20. Christina von Baudissin, 1565–1576
- 21. Lucia Günther, 1576–1584 (dismissal)
- 22. Christina Kromer, 1584–1592
- 21a. Lucia Günther, 1592–1606
- 23. Katharina Kodizin, 1606–1619
- 24. Ursula Weishaupt, 1619-1623
- 25. Dorothea Schubert, 1623-1639
- 26. Anna Margareta Dorn, 1639–1664
- 27. Katharina Benada, 1664-1697
- 28. Ottilia Hentschel, 1697-1710
- 29. Cordula Sommer, 1710-1746
- 30. Josepha Elger, 1746–1762
- 31. Klara Trautmann, 1762–1782
- 32. Bernharda Kellner, 1782–1798
- 33. Vinzentia Marschner, 1799-1828
- 34. Benedikta Göhler, 1830–1856
- 35. Edmunda May, 1856-1874
- 36. Kordula Ulbrich, 1874-1882
- 37. Bernharda Kasper, 1883-1909
- 38. Anna Lang, 1909-1927
- 39. Bernarda Sterz, 1927-1935
- 40. Catharina Pischel, 1935–1954
- 41. Anna Meier, 1954-1986
- 42. Benedicta Waurick , 1986-2011
- 43. Philippa Kraft , 2011-2017
- 44. Gabriela Hesse, since 2018
gallery
Kreuzgarten
Church and abbey
Illustration of the doctrine of creation in the monastery garden
See also
Web links
- Website of the St. Marienstern Monastery
- Website of the disabled facilities of the St. Marienstern monastery
- Elenchus Monasteriorum Ordinis Cisterciensis (Directory of the Monasteries of the Cistercian Order), edition of May 28, 2018, p. 71
- Entry to St. Marienstern Monastery on Order online
- Castle park on the homepage of the garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse
literature
- Karlheinz Blaschke (Ed.): 750 years of St. Marienstern Monastery. Festschrift. Published on behalf of Abbess M. Benedicta Waurick and the convent of the Cistercian Abbey of St. Marienstern . Stekovics, Halle an der Saale 1998, ISBN 3-929330-96-2 .
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Marienstern. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 35. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Kamenz (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1912, p. 142.
- Alexander Hitschfeld: Chronicle of the Cistercian convent Marienstern in the royal Saxon Lausitz . Opitz, Warnsdorf 1894 ( digitized version )
- Richard Jecht : The Upper Lusatian Hussite War and the Land of Six Cities under Emperor Sigmund In: New Lusatian Magazine, Part 1, Volume 87, Görlitz 1911, pp. 35-279.
- Hermann Knothe: Documented history of the virgin monastery Marienstern Cistercian order in the Königl. Saxon. Upper Lusatia . Dresden 1871 ( digitized version )
- Heinrich Magirius : The monastery Sankt Marienstern. Union-Verlag, Berlin 1981, ( The Christian Monument 116, ISSN 0578-0241 ).
- Heinrich Magirius, Siegfried Seifert : St. Marienstern Monastery . St. Benno, Leipzig 1982.
- Judith Oexle (Ed.): Time and Eternity. 128 days in St. Marienstern. First Saxon State Exhibition, June 13, 1998 - October 18, 1998 in St. Marienstern Monastery, Panschwitz-Kuckau. Exhibition catalog. Stekovics, Halle an der Saale 1998, ISBN 3-932863-06-2 .
- Marius Winzeler : St. Marienstern. The founder, his monastery and the art of Central Europe in the 13th century . Janos Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2011.
- Cistercian Abbey of St. Marienstern (ed.): To the praise and glory of God. St. Marienstern Monastery. St. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 1998, ISBN 3-7462-1278-2 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Convention , accessed June 13, 2018.
- ↑ Rafael Ledschbor: Sister Gabriela new abbess of St. Marienstern , accessed on June 13, 2018.
- ↑ Congregation Purissimi Cordis BMV in the Cistopedia .
- ↑ Elenchus Monasteriorum Ordinis Cisterciensis (Directory of Cistercian Monasteries), edition of May 28, 2018, p. 41.
- ↑ Homepage garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse, members and cooperation partners , accessed on June 4, 2018
- ↑ Martin Walde: Catholic versus Protestant milieu among the Sorbs . In: Lětopis 53 (2006) 2, p. 15 ff., Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin / Bautzen 2006.
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↑ Consecration of the Abbess in St. Marienstern Monastery . Orden online.de, September 19, 2011, accessed on April 30, 2017.
Abbess Philippa Kraft from Marienstern explains the reasons for her resignation from the Cistercian order . Website of the Diocese of Dresden-Meißen , April 28, 2017, accessed on April 30, 2017.