Waldow (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those von Waldow

Waldow , also Waldau , is the name of an old, originally Bavarian noble family with the parent company Burg Waldau . The family, of which individual branches still exist today, belonged to the ancient nobility in the Nordgau . With the temporary rule of the Wittelsbachers over the Mark Brandenburg in the 14th century, the knight Hentzlinus de Waldow came there and his descendants later came to Neumark , the Margraviate of Meißen , to Silesia , and to Pomerania , where they came to possession and prestige. Since the beginning of the 19th century, one line has carried the names of Waldow and Reitzenstein .

history

origin

According to Kneschke , the family is said to have spread to Lusatia as early as the 10th century after King Heinrich I defeated and subjugated the Sorbs . In Upper Lusatia , relatives built Waldau Castle not far from Görlitz . It would therefore also be possible that the Lords of Waldow from Bavaria , Franconia and Swabia came to Silesia under the Silesian Dukes Wladislaus and Boleslaus and then built the castle near Görlitz.

Waldau Castle

According to the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , the family is first mentioned in documents with the Reichsministerial dominus Volricus de Waldowe around the year 1223 and with Ulricus de Waldauwe on January 13, 1224. The family's ancestral home was named after Waldau Castle near Vohenstrauß in Upper Palatinate , which was built in 1213 . The Waldower were related to the ministerial family of Waldthurner.

The spelling of the name changes from Waldaw, Waldav, Waldauw, Waldowe, Waldauwe, Waldo, Walde, Waldau and Waldow. In Brandenburg documents, the name form Waldow or Waldaw appears first.

Spread

The family in Bavaria

The Waldower were first Reichsministeriale, but also belonged to the service team of the Counts of Ortenburg-Murach . They established an allodial deforestation rule around their ancestral home, in which they were allowed to exercise blood jurisdiction. In addition, the lords of Waldow owned the bailiwick of the goods of the Waldsassen monastery in Albersrieth early on .

Heinrich von Waldau was banned from church in 1315 because he caused great damage to the Waldsassen monastery during looting. Heinrich had robbed and destroyed the church in Pirk as early as 1295 . In 1347, members of the family built Schellenberg Castle near Georgenberg in the Upper Palatinate Forest , which was later pledged to the Frankish family of von Guttenberg .

In 1352 the brothers shared their possessions: Ulrich got Waldthurn , Konrad got Schellenberg and Heinrich stayed in Waldau. Ulrich von Waldau auf Waldthurn († 1363) wore the rule of Waldthurn to the Kingdom of Bohemia as a fiefdom, which was in line with the efforts of Emperor Charles IV in the establishment of New Bohemia . In 1359, in a unification agreement between Ulrich von Waldau and the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg, the opening of the two castles at Waldthurn and Schellenberg to Charles IV was confirmed. His son Doberhoss († 1396) follows him next. This was very successful as the Vice Cathedral of Sulzbach and as the "venerable" of a religious order. In 1376, Emperor Karl IV enfeoffed Doberhoss with a large handhold population that was spread over the whole of the Upper Palatinate. After Doberhoss was childless as a lay friar, his cousin Tobias († 1419), son of Heinrich von Waldau, followed him in Waldthurn. 1394 enfeoffed Elector Ruprecht III. Tobias and Heinrich the Waldauer with the Veste Waldau and the neck court there . Tobias von Waldau auf Waldthurn was a feared and violent knight, so he destroyed 19 farms in Miesbrunn in 1417. He was court master of the Landgrave von Leuchtenberg and bought Schönsee and Reichenstein from him . After his death, he was followed by his minorenner son Ulrich von Waldau and Waldthurn († before 1491). Since he was still a minor, Wilhelm Zenger von Steinberg, his mother's brother, ran the business. In his time, the Hussite incursions followed , which also affected Waldthurn. Ulrich was Floß's keeper from 1448 to 1461 and also did military service in Denmark. In 1454 he inherited Hofmarkt Haggn through his mother from the Zengers , which remained in the possession of the Waldauer until 1542. Ulrich left three sons, Hans, Georg and Sebastian. The knights Georg and Sebastian von Waldow belonged to the Löwlerbund , founded in Cham in 1489 , which rebelled against the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV . Sebastian died in 1491 and his son Gilg (Egidius) von Waldau auf Waldthurn († 1507) remained as the only successor. During his time the Landshut War of Succession falls , he is one of the signatories of the Cologne peace ruling; he probably died as a result of the plague and was buried on the Fahrenberg . The next to Waldthurn was Hans Tobias von Waldau auf Waldthurn and Waldau († 1538). He was heavily in debt and most of his properties had to be sold. Although Waldthurn was a Bohemian fiefdom, Hans Tobias submitted to the Palatinate-Neuburg as a Landsasse, at the same time he requested a fiefdom from the Bohemian king. This led to bitter disputes between the Electoral Palatinate and Bohemia over sovereignty, which only ended in 1656 with the purchase of the rule by Prince Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz . After the death of Hans Tobias, he was followed by his brother Georg or Jörg († 1545). He was physically and mentally ill, and so the rule was sold to Willibald von Wirsberg on April 19, 1540 . Georg was also buried on the Fahrenberg, and his broken shield was thrown into the grave after him. Until the middle of the 16th century, the Waldauers were wealthy owners in the area. This branch of the family ended with Jörg von Waldau.

Because of the proximity of the headquarters to the Franconian Imperial Circle and because the family was partly resident there, the family was included in both Bavarian and Franconian knighthood in the Middle Ages. In Bavaria, Waldthurn and Pleystein were also owned or partially owned by the family at times . The lines in Bavaria and Franconia are extinct in 1540 (1545) with the death of Georg Dominus de Waldauw zu Waldau, Pleystein and Waldthurn in the male line . He left four daughters. The rule went as an inheritance to the Lords of Wirsberg.

In the service of the Teutonic Order

Numerous members of the various branches of the family were in the service of the Teutonic Order as mercenaries , including the knight Hans von Waldau on Königsbrück and from 1405 on Mückenberg (now part of Lauchhammer ). He belonged to the Meissen line, which had already died out in the 15th century. Also from this line came Hannos von Waldaw, who appeared in 1409 as a mercenary in the service of the order. In 1410 he came from Meissen to Prussia in time to take part in the Battle of Tannenberg (July 15). Hannos was captured during the fighting along with his journeymen, 14 spears and two riflemen.

Heinz von Waldau ( Heyncze von Waldaw ) came from Meißen and belonged to Jon von Köckritz's gang . He was also a participant in the battle of Tannenberg and was later besieged at Marienburg . On October 7, 1410 he received his last pay and for three weeks food for the return journey. His father, the Meissen fiefdom Heinrich von Waldow, led a feud against the cities of Kamenz and Bautzen together with Christofil von Maltitz .

Heinrich von Waldow ( Heynrich Waldaw ), from the Silesian line, was a journeyman of Mr. Polke von Kittlitz during the battle of Tannenberg and belonged to the gang of Nickel von Kottwitz . On July 20, 1410, on behalf of Mr. Polke, he received the pay for nine spears and two shooters. His brother Lüthke von Waldow began his service for the German Order of Knights on June 18, 1410 and finished it on October 8 of the same year. He had two skewers and a rifleman in Hans von Stewitz's gang. Lüthke is probably identical with the 1423 appearing Leucke of wood, of a witness in a too Glogau issued certificate by Duke Heinrich von Glogau and as Leutke of wood in an about Züllichau appears issued act also as a witness of Duke Henry.

The Waldower in the Mark Brandenburg

In the middle of the 14th century, the Waldowers settled in Brandenburg. The knight Hentzlinus de Waldow (also Henfchelino or Henslyn ) is mentioned in a document on August 5, 1351 in the Margraviate of Brandenburg as the first member of the family . As early as 1344 he appeared in Rothenstadt near Neustadt an der Waldnaab and in 1350 as a member of the Bavarian-Brandenburg army. On July 4, 1352, he is named in a document of Spandau as Marshal of Margrave Ludwig the Roman from the House of Wittelsbach . In the document, Margrave Ludwig, together with his brother Otto, grants the city of Luckow duty-free, along with the water mills and all mills in the city. The uninterrupted stem line of the sex begins with Hentzlinus . After Kneschke he was also the founder of the Neumark, Pomerania and Mecklenburg lines and was later with the city and the castle Kunigswalde ( Königswalde ) in the Neumark by Margrave Ludwig invested .

Gleissen Castle (2011)

In the middle of the 15th century, the Lords of Waldow from the New Mark -Pomeranian line appear as owners of the city and castle Königswalde, the castles Költschen and Gleissen , as well as the goods and villages Neuköltschen (later Hammer), Osterwalde, Herzogswalde, Arendsdorf, Rauden, Mittenwalde (later Neudorf), Neuwalde and Stubbenhagen. In Pomerania, the town and castle Bernstein (also Bärnstein) and the Gottberg and Habusch estates were owned by the von Waldow family.

Hans and Caspar von Waldow owned Niederschönhausen and Blankenfelde near Berlin and also the cities of Liebenwalde and Wriezen as pledges from the Brandenburg Electors . In the middle of the 15th century, Hans von Waldow was the owner of the city of Königswalde. In 1444, Elector Friedrich II of Brandenburg left the rule of Peitz in Lower Lusatia to the same Hans von Waldow . Since Peitz was ruler of the empire , Hans thereby acquired the baronial title, which he and his descendants did not use.

The extensive land ownership changed several times over the years, but old goods also remained in the hands of the family for a long time. The Lusatian branch line was still extinguished during the 16th century. The Silesian line, which used to be very strongly branched, only came into modern times with the branch to Schwanowitz in Briegish . This line expired in 1841, with the death of Carl Bernhard von Waldow.

In 1692 the guardians of Ernst Friedrich von Buch pledged the Dannenwalde estate to the Mecklenburg Chamber Council Adolf Friedrich von Waldow, who was enfeoffed with it in 1707. The property remained the property of the family until it was expropriated in 1945; one of the last owners was the Prussian politician Wilhelm von Waldow .

In the middle of the 19th century, the Waldowers were in Hammer, Königswalde, Osterwalde and Stubbenhagen in the former Sternberg district , Fürstenau and Wiesenwerder in the Arnswalde district , Mehrenthin and Wolgast in the Friedeberg district in Neumark , Kleinlatzkow in the Soldin district and Steinhöfel, Sadelberg and Nöblin in the Saatzig district and in Niederröhrsdorf and Geyersdorf in the Fraustadt district .

A family association of the von Waldow family was founded in 1875. Family days are held every two years.

Personalities

The sex has produced important personalities who have achieved the highest dignity in both clerical and influential state, court and military offices.

Johann V. von Waldow , also called the elder , took part in the Council of Constance . From 1415 to 1420 he was Bishop of Brandenburg and from 1421 until his death in 1423 Bishop of Lebus . Johann VI. von Waldow († 1424), called the Younger , was first provost of Berlin and councilor to Elector Friedrich I. From 1423 to 1424 he was also Bishop of Lebus. Both bishops were brothers and come from Königswalde in Neumark. They were buried in Fürstenwalde Cathedral. Adolph Friedrich von Waldow auf Königswalde and Dannenwalde (1725-1801) became canon of Cammin and in 1797 commander of the Johanniterkommende Gorgast .

Commander and knight of the Order of St. John were among others Bastian von Waldow (1608–1682) on Königswalde and Gleissen. He was knighted in 1635 and was Komtur zu Lietzen. Adolph Friedrich von Waldow (1659–1717) on Königswalde, Gleissen, Dannenwalde and Patzern was to be advertised as a commander. Baltzer Friedrich von Waldow (* 1665) on Neudorf and Gleissen was Komtur zu Lagow. He died in 1714 as a lieutenant colonel . Adolph Friedrich von Waldow (1698–1754) on Königswalde, Gleissen and Dannenwalde was Komtur zu Werben and privy councilor . Ferdinand Heinrich Thomas von Waldow (* 1765) on Dannenwalde, Patzern and Kalitz died in 1830 as a knight of the Order of St. John, major and land marshal .

Many generals of the royal Prussian army come from the family. Among them was Arnold Christoph von Waldow hereditary lord on Hammer und Költschen (* 1672), who died in 1743 as a lieutenant general and knight of the Black Eagle Order . Friedrich Sigismund von Waldow (1682–1742) was the heir to Mehrenthin and Wolgast . He received a cuirassier regiment in 1724 and was promoted to major general in 1737 . Sigismund Rudolf von Waldow (1673–1735), heir to Gottberge and Haselbusch, became major general and head of the Waldau walking regiment and Karl Wilhelm von Waldow (December 31, 1770– March 16, 1836), who was initially commander of the 6th Uhlan regiment and knight of the Iron Cross First Class, was appointed major general in 1835. He is buried in Melaten Friedhof, Cologne.

Important members of the family from more recent times were Eduard von Waldow and Reitzenstein (1796–1873), who was appointed a member of the Prussian mansion for life in 1854 and was a member of the Reichstag of the North German Confederation from 1867 to 1871 . His son Karl von Waldow and Reitzenstein (1818–1888), chamberlain of the German Emperor and manor owner, was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives from 1863 to 1873 and from 1873 a member of the manor house. From 1871 until his death he was also a member of the German Reichstag . Wilhelm von Waldow (1856-1937) took over the post of President of the Province of Poznan in 1903 . In 1917 he was appointed State Minister and State Secretary of the War Food Office.

An entry in the royal Saxon nobility book received Max von Waldow from the House of Fürstenau, Prussian lieutenant colonel ret. D. in Dresden , on June 8, 1905 under the number 217.

In Einschreibebuch of Dobbertin Abbey there are 13 entries of daughters of the family of Waldow and Reitsenstein 1817-1897 from Dannenwalde, Friedenow and Steinhofel for inclusion in the noble Damenstift in Kloster Dobbertin .

From Waldow and Reitzenstein

Eduard von Waldow, from the House of Königswalde, grandson and adopted son of the royal Prussian major von Reitzenstein on Reitzenstein-Hammer-Költschen, received a Prussian name and coat of arms association in London on June 20, 1814 with those of Reitzenstein as von Waldow and Reitzenstein .

From Oertzen von Waldow

Friedrich von Waldow was adopted in 1966 by Henning von Oertzen (1889–1978), who until 1945 was the owner of the Mecklenburg manors Rothen and Groß Flotow . The latter was bought back by the adoptive heirs after 1990.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a silver arrow iron diagonally to the right . On the helmet with red and silver helmet covers, a black tournament hat decorated with seven silver ostrich feathers .

The coat of arms appears on a seal as early as 1359 , in the Mark Brandenburg in 1402.

Coat of arms of Waldow and Reitzenstein

The increased coat of arms of those of Waldow and Reitzenstein is split . On the right the family coat of arms, on the left a silver diagonal bar in red (coat of arms of those of Reitzenstein ). The coat of arms has two helmets with red and silver helmet covers, on the right the trunk helmet, on the left an open red flight , on the right with a silver oblique left bar, on the left with a silver oblique right bar .

Namesake

The landlord of Groß Latzkow in the Pyritz district, a captain of Waldow, named the Vorwerk near Groß Latzkow after his family, " Waldowsaue ".

Known family members

literature

Web links

Commons : Waldow  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 9, pp. 450-452.
  2. ^ Bavarian Main State Archives Munich, court documents Herrschaft Ortenburg, fasc. 1, No. 1
  3. ↑ Bavarian Main State Archives Munich, monastery documents checking, fasc. 10
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume XV, Volume 134 of the complete series, pp. 400-402.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f www.heimat-now.de
  6. ↑ City of Vohenstrauß (Ed.): Vohenstrauss in the course of the times: local history on the history of the city on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of its first mention 1378–1978. Vohenstrauß 1978, pp. 58-59.
  7. ↑ a b c Sven Ekdahl (arrangement): The pay book of the German Order 1410/1411. Part II. Böhlau, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-20583-6 , pp. 343-345.
  8. ^ Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin, Rep. 78a, No. 5, fol. 67 verso
  9. ↑ City Archive Berlin , Pergt. 8, L., No. 5, [1029]; or Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 2nd volume 2 . Berlin 1845, p. 345 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ a b c New Prussian nobility lexicon. Volume 4, pp. 306-311.
  11. ^ Sabine Bock: Stately houses on the estates and domains in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935749-05-3 , 1st volume, pp. 187/188.
  12. ↑ Adolf Wilhelm Ernst von Winterfeld: History of the Knightly Order of St. Johannis from the Hospital in Jerusalem: with special consideration of the Brandenburg Balli or the Sonnenburg Lordship. XVI, Berlin, Berendt, 1859 Online at Google Books (p. 783)