Cammin Cathedral (Kamień Pomorski)

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Cathedral of Cammin.
View from about three meters from the main portal into the nave of the cathedral, the pulpit on the left.
Bischofshaus (right in the picture), cathedral school (center) and Kleisthaus (left in the picture, partially covered by the pedestrian sign). The footpath over the zebra crossing leads to the main portal of the cathedral.

The St. John's Cathedral ( Polish : św Konkatedra John the Baptist.) In Kamien Pomorski (German Cammin i Pom.. ), Mostly as Cathedral Pomerania or Camminer Dom called, is next to the Church of St. James in Stettin one of the two cathedral churches of the Archdiocese of Szczecin -Cammin .

history

The cathedral at Cammin is a three-aisled basilica with a cross-shaped floor plan 63 meters long and 81 meters wide, above which a mighty nave with two aisles rises. The brick building is considered to be the largest church in Pomerania . The clerical building complex around the cathedral originally included the bishop's house or ' Buddenhaus ', the cathedral school and the dean's office or ' Kleisthaus '.

A predecessor of the cathedral, a wooden church , was built in 1176 by the Pomeranian Duke I. Casimir erected. It became necessary after the Danes had destroyed the city of Wollin and the bishopric of the Pomeranian diocese founded there in 1140 was relocated to the nearby, heavily fortified Cammin. The Pomeranian diocese got its name here, Diocese of Cammin . Cammin remained a bishopric until 1810. Even after the episcopal seat was moved to Kolberg in the monastery land of the diocese, Cammin remained the seat of a cathedral chapter. Five members of the Pomeranian ducal house and eight bishops are said to have been buried here.

The church was originally built in the Romanesque style. The presbytery was built between 1180 and 1210 . The southern portal with tympanum was built around 1250 , showing the adoration of the Lamb. In 1308 the unfinished church building was destroyed by the Brandenburg army. Construction of the basilica continued in the Gothic style. After 1310, arcades were built on the north side and between 1325 and 1350 rooms in the east wing of the cathedral, which in later times housed the archive with the once rich cathedral treasure.

At the beginning of the 14th century, paintings were made in the firmament of the presbytery and the apses. At the same time, the Gothic church tower and the lecture hall in front of the presbytery were built on the original Romanesque building . Inside the cathedral, altars, the choir stalls and a large crucifix were built . The first organ in the church is mentioned in 1382.

At the beginning of the 15th century an attic was built over the nave. In 1419, the Lepelów Chapel was built next to the southern nave. The church stood that way until the end of the 15th century. In 1480 the main altar was built in the presbytery.

After the Reformation in Pomerania , the church became part of the Pomeranian Evangelical Church in 1535 . Initially called "Dom- und Kathedral- or St. John's Church", it remained Lutheran until 1945. During the Thirty Years War the interior of the tower was destroyed and collapsed. With donations from the Brandenburg governor in Western Pomerania , Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ , new, baroque furnishings could be acquired in the second half of the 17th century . When the St. Mary's Church was built in 1755, it was parish into the parish, whose clergy were now active in the "Cathedral and St. Mary's Church Community".

In 1802 the Gothic tower was demolished. In 1855 renovation work was carried out and a new bell tower in neo-Gothic form was built. In 1888 the baroque organs were renovated. In 1934 the cathedral was again restored and the appearance of the tower changed.

The cathedral treasure, which was previously kept in the archive , was completely lost in 1945 when the transport that was supposed to be used to bring it to safety got into a tank battle. The famous Cordula shrine (Shrine of St. Cordula), probably a Viking work that was made around the year 1000 in southern Sweden, was also destroyed. The cordula shrine consisted of 22 ivory plates with carefully carved animal motifs and ribbon patterns. In the archive , also known as the ' treasure chamber ', silver chalices, coins and vestments are exhibited today.

In the 1960s the cathedral was renovated and adapted to the needs of the Latin Mass. From 1972 it was the seat of the diocese of Stettin-Cammin, and in 1992 it was transferred to the archdiocese of Stettin-Cammin .

In 2005 the cathedral and the adjoining buildings became a "monument to history".

During certain opening times, the church tower is open to the public and can be climbed. A panoramic view of the city of Cammin is possible from above.

Building description

The cathedral is a Romanesque-Gothic, brick- built three-aisled basilica with a terrace on the north side. The main nave is supported by slender, 16 meter high columns. The presbytery has characteristics of the Romanesque and Neo-Gothic styles. The lower part of the north wall of the transept with its round arched, simply stepped portal is a granite building that is assigned to the 12th century.

Main altar

To the south, the church has a richly decorated Gothic facade. The massive neo-Gothic church tower with four domes, crowned by a large Latin cross , characterizes the picture.

Interior and organ

Cloister

A narrow staircase leads from the north aisle to the only partially preserved Gothic cloister in Pomerania . It includes a romantic garden with mature trees and numerous gravestones. Particularly noteworthy are the tombstones for Provost Trallow († 1368), Bishop Johann I von Sachsen-Lauenburg († 1372) and for Dean Goltbeck († 1370).

Furnishing

In the interior of the cathedral, the 17th century baroque foundation by Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ and a baroque pulpit from 1682 are noteworthy . The vaults have medieval floral motifs.

The choir has wall paintings from the 13th century; they are scenes from Eden. The main altar from the 15th century in the shape of a triptych shows images of the Assumption of the Virgin and the coronation of the Virgin Mary. There are medieval tabernacles in the walls .

The choir is separated from the transept by a baroque grille (1684). In the first column, south of the nave, there is an altar with a picture of Christ before Pilate , painted by Rembrandt van Rijn .

In the north transept is the baptistery of the baptistery from the 14th century, surrounded by a rich, baroque lattice curtain from 1685. In the nave to the left of the main portal are the two paintings The Way to Golgotha and Christ's Crucifixion , which Lucas Cranach the Elder attributed become.

On the wall of the south transept, the altar of the church of Trzęsacz (German: Hoff ad Ostsee ), which was abandoned in 1874 and of which only a ruin remains today , stood for over 100 years . In 2003 he was transferred to the new parish church in Hoff. At the first column of the nave, north of the baroque altar from 1683, there is a Gothic wardrobe with figures of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the saints of the Church of St. Nikolai in Kamień Pomorski.

In the cathedral chapel there is an image of the crucified Christ on the altar.

organ

The main organ with 44 registers on three manuals and pedal is located on the west gallery . In 2004, the technical system and the pipework were rebuilt behind the historic case ; the disposition is based on the previous organ from 1672.

Parish

Pastor

With the Reformation, a pastor's position and an archdeaconate were set up at the “Cathedral and Cathedral or St. John's Church” . The pastor was at the same time "prepositus", later superintendent of the Synod (church district) Cammin, which later belonged to the eastern district in the church province of Pomerania in the Church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 . If the preachers were appointed by the sovereign well into the 20th century, the city authorities then took on this task.

Between 1535 and 1945 served as Protestant pastors at the cathedral and cathedral church:

  1. Johann Colling (first Lutheran pastor, married to Martin Luther's sister Christine), until 1541
  2. Michael Dahlenbruch or Dalenbröck, 1541–1549
  3. Christian Granow, 1550-1560
  4. Georg Glambeck, 1560–1572
  5. Joachim Edling, 1572–1605
  6. Peter Vanselow (I), 1605-1646
  7. Adam Rubach, 1647-1659
  8. Peter Vanselow (II), 1660-1673
  9. Peter Rahrius, 1674-1691
  10. Georg Wilhelm Schmalvogel, 1692–1730
  11. Gebhard Ludolf Krause, 1730–1769
  12. Johann Gottlieb Pfänder, 1769–1797
  13. Johann Friedrich Kauffmann, 1798–1820
  14. Christian Wilhelm Winckler, 1821–1837
  15. Ludwig Maximilian Mila, 1837–1849
  16. Johann Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Kundler, 1849–1852
  17. Karl Meinhold , 1852–1888
  18. Albert August Rudolf Lohoff, 1890–1895
  19. Gerhard Heinrich Gideon Zietlow, 1896–?
  20. NN (?)
  21. Martin Ludwig Eduard Wetzel, 1921–1926
  22. Hans Scheel, 1926–1945

On September 16, 1945 a parish of the Catholic Church was established in Poland .

literature

  • Gwido Chmarzyński: Tablica informacyjna w konkatedrze. July 26, 1973.
  • Janina Kochanowska: The Cathedral Treasure at Cammin , Stettin 2004.
  • Martin Rost: Forgotten "North German" organs - study trips by the organ commission. Stralsund 2008.
  • Helmuth Eggert: The cathedral to Cammin. Dissertation. University of Greifswald. Erfurt 1935.
  • Hans Moderow : The evangelical clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present. Part 1: The administrative district of Szczecin. Szczecin 1903.

Web links

Commons : Cathedral (Kamień Pomorski)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Kugler : History of Architecture . Volume 2, Stuttgart 1859, p. 563 .
  2. ^ Ernst Friedrich Mooyer: Directories of the German bishops since the year 800 AD. Geb. Minden 1854, p. 23 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 58 ′ 23.6 "  N , 14 ° 46 ′ 19.9"  E