Guttenberg (noble family)

Guttenberg (barons, imperial knights) is the name of a Franconian noble family who named themselves as Ministeriale of the Counts of Andechs , Dukes of Meranien, after the Guttenberg Castle built before 1320 on the Upper Main and since 1149 has been tangible as "von der Plassenburg" and to the Nordgau belonged to. The Guttenberg were fiefs of the burgraves of Nuremberg and the monasteries of Würzburg and Bamberg . Within the imperial knighthood they belonged to the Franconian cantons Rhön-Werra (1650–1801 / 1802); Baunach (late 16th century, 1750–1806) with Kirchlauter and Kleinbardorf; Steigerwald (1700, 1790); Odenwald (17th century) and Gebirg (early 16th century to 1805/1806) within the knightly circle of Franconia. The Steinenhausen line had hereditary hold the office of Obermarschall des Hochstift Würzburg since 1691. In 1700 the family rose to the imperial baron status . In 1802 the goods were occupied by the Electorate of Bavaria and transferred to Prussia in 1804. Later the land and castle property came back to Bavaria.

Coat of arms of those of Guttenberg

history

Guttenberg Castle, which gives it its name, is located on a wooded mountain spur, which can only be easily reached from the village side.

Courtyard of Guttenberg's moated castle in Kirchlauter

Sternberg Castle

Wasserschloss Kleinbardorf owned by those zu Guttenberg 1691–1896

Salzburg Castle near Bad Neustadt an der Saale in Lower Franconia , owned by the Barons von und zu Guttenberg since 1893

Schellenberg castle ruins , destroyed in the feud between Philip I of Guttenberg and Margrave Friedrich

origin

The Guttenberg family appears for the first time in a document in 1149 with "Gundeloh von Blassenberg ", with which the family line begins. With the acquisition of Guttenberg Castle with the village of Guttenberg in the Franconian Forest - built before 1329 - by Heinrich von Blassenberg around 1310, the family name changed to "von Guttenberg". The fiefdom of the Imperial Knights of Guttenberg was in the district of Kulmbach in Nordgau (Bavaria) .

In the early Middle Ages, a Gertraud von Guttenberg is said to have been elected in 968 to carry out the helmet show and helmet division (determination of tournament groups) at the tournament of Merseburg (969), possibly a member of Guttenberg near Bergzabern; one von Guttenberg is said to have participated in a tournament in Augsburg in 1080.

middle Ages

Destruction of the castles Alt- and Neuguttenberg in 1523

Since the Guttenberg had appeared in Franconia as the helpers of the robber baron Hans Thomas von Absberg , the Swabian Federation destroyed the castles Alt- and Neuguttenberg in 1523 (shown on the Wandereisen woodcut from 1523Wanderisen woodcut from 1523 ).

Participations in feuding companies

The von Guttenberg family was involved in the following feuds :

• Guttenberg feud (1380) , noble feud against the imperial city of Eger, today's city of Cheb in western Bohemia ;
• Waldenfels feud against the imperial city of Nuremberg , early 1400;
• Guttenberg feud (1497–1502) against Margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1497;
• Feud with Heinrich the Elder of Gera 1520/21;
• Barbara von Guttenberg, formerly a nun in the Cistercian nunnery in Schlüsselau , swore a primal feud in 1526 and was banned from town in Nördlingen im Ries.

Related sexes in the nobility around 1500

Around 1500, the Imperial Knights of Guttenberg were related to and related by marriage to numerous civil families of the knightly class. (see list of Frankish knight families ) and were mostly canons in Bamberg (see Bamberg cathedral chapter ).

The Guttenberg relatives included the Aufseß , Bibra , Giech , Hirschberg , Redwitz , Reitzenstein , Rotenhan , Sparneck , Stiebar and Streitberg . Besides these also those from Tann , Berlichingen , Hutten , Truchseß von Wetzhausen , Marschalk von Ostheim , Heldritt , Fuchs von Schweinshaupten , Ehenheim , Trautenberg , Sturmfeder , Kotzau and Lüchau .

The marriage of Osanna von Guttenberg to Wolfgang von Schwarzenberg -Seinsheim, the later Prince of Schwarzenberg , went beyond the class boundaries of the imperial knighthood of the lower nobility in Franconia . At the beginning of the 16th century, the Bamberg vice cathedral of Guttenberg in Carinthia married Rosina von Graben († 1539), a daughter of Ulrich III. of ditch .

Swan Order

The Guttenberg were with Carl I. von Guttenberg co-founders of the swan order founded in 1440 , of which Kaspar von Guttenberg (around 1487–1554) was a member.

Modern times (overview)

Philippine zu Guttenberg, the last abbess of St. Hildegard's Abbey .

From 1502 to 1968, the property in Kirchlauter belonged to the manor of the von Guttenberg family, who lived in the village until 1968. Guttenberg's moated castle was built in the baroque style from 1688 to 1698 . Today it is owned by the Counts of Stauffenberg .

In 1695 the barons von Guttenberg bought the property in Sternberg im Grabfeld (Lower Franconia). The neighboring Sulzdorf was part of this manor, which in 1806 by the Grand Duchy of Wurzburg of Archduke Ferdinand of Tuscany mediated was with this in 1814 to the Kingdom of Bavaria fell. Sternberg Castle remained in the possession of Guttenberg until 1838.

Around 1700 the Guttenbergs were also organized in the knightly canton of Baunach and were accepted into the imperial baron status by Leopold I , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, in April 1700 and enrolled in the baron class in the Kingdom of Bavaria in February 1814 .

Franz Anton Donat Heusslein von Eußenheim was a captain in Guttenberg's dragoon regiment in 1775.

Places with references to the Guttenberg

Lower Franconia

Guttenberg Forest in the Würzburg district

Upper Franconia

• Guttenberger Hammer at Grafengehaig , Rugendorf
• Castle stable Untersteinach

Further

Guttenberger as Buchonische Ritter Forsthaus (a farm as well as an inn) Guttenberg in the Guttenberger forest, which extends between Würzburg-Steinbachtal and Kleinrinderfeld.

Genealogical overview (extract)

Starting with Hermann Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (* March 26, 1816, † April 26, 1882) ∞ Luise von Thurn und Taxis (* December 21, 1828, † January 7, 1916); Daughter of Karl Theodor von Thurn und Taxis (1797–1868) and Juliane Karoline von Einsiedel (1806–1846)

1. Karl-Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (the elder) (born May 31, 1854, † July 28, 1904) ∞ Maria von Rottenhan (born March 11, 1860, † May 11, 1945); Daughter of Maximilian Graf von Rottenhan (1820–1886) and Theresia Freiin von Boineburg-Lengsfeld (1834–1884)

1.1. Elisabeth Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (* November 11, 1891, † December 21, 1946) ∞ Klemens Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (* June 2, 1885, † February 10, 1949)

1.2. Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (* April 22, 1902, † April 23/24, 1945) ∞ Therese Princess von Schwarzenberg (* November 11, 1905, † April 6, 1976); Daughter of Johann Nepomuk Adolf Fürst zu Schwarzenberg (1860–1938) and Therese Countess von Trauttmansdorff (1870–1945)

1.2.1. Johann Berthold Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born September 23, 1937)

1.2.2. Maria Theodora Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (born August 1, 1930)

1.2.3. Elisabeth Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (born September 26, 1931)

1.3. Georg Enoch Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (* November 10, 1893, † December 21, 1940) ∞ Elisabeth Baronessa von der Tann-Rathsamhausen (* August 12, 1900, † 1998); Daughter of Luitpold Baron von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (1847-1919) and Countess Emma Mikes von Zabola (1869-1956)

1.3.1. Philipp Franz Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg d. Ä. (* May 25, 1920, † January 9, 1943)

1.3.2. Maria Nives Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (born August 5, 1925) ∞ Henry Farell Casademont (born October 20, 1914)

1.3.3. Therese Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (* May 28, 1929, † March 2, 1953) ∞ Alexander Freiherr von Branca (* January 11, 1919, † March 21, 2011)

1.3.4. Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (* May 23, 1921, † October 4, 1972) ∞ Princess Rosa Sophie von Arenberg (* December 23, 1922, † November 17, 2012); Daughter of Prince Robert Prosper Prince and Duke of Arenberg (1895–1972) and Princess Gabrielle von Wrede

1.3.4.1. Elisabeth Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (* July 5, 1944) ∞ Franz Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (* May 4, 1938)

1.3.4.2. Michaela Freiin von und zu Guttenberg (* May 30, 1949) ∞ Johann Nepomuk Johannes Freiherr Heereman (* March 21, 1944)

1.3.4.3. Benedikt (* / † 1953)

1.3.4.4. Georg Enoch Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (* July 29, 1946, † June 15, 2018) ∞ I. Christina von und zu Eltz (* November 27, 1951); Daughter of Jakob von und zu Eltz (1921–2006) and Ladislaja Freiin Mayr von Melnhof (born December 23, 1920) ∞ II. (1997) Ljubka Biagioni

1.3.4.4.1. Karl-Theodor Buhl Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born December 5, 1971) ∞ Stephanie von Bismarck-Schönhausen (born November 24, 1976); Daughter of Andreas von Bismarck-Schönhausen (* 1941) and Charlotte Kinberg (* 1951)

1.3.4.4.2. Philipp Franz Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born May 10, 1973) ∞ Hon. Alexandra Luise Macdonald (born August 19, 1973); Daughter of Godfrey James Macdonald, 8th Baron Macdonald de Slate (* 1947) and Claire Catlow

Individual personalities

• Friedrich Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (1767–1822), landowner, canon, police president in Würzburg, member of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies (from 1819)
• Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (1684–1698)
• Maximilian Hermann Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (1889–1914), landowner, diplomat, hereditary Imperial Councilor , killed in France
• Philipp Anton Christoph Freiherr von Guttenberg , Würzburg canon
• Wolfgang Philipp von und zu Guttenberg (1647–1733), Knight of the Order and Grand Bailiff of the German tongue in Malta

Notes on today's financial situation

In the October 2010 issue, Manager Magazin estimated the fortune of the head of the house, Enoch Freiherr von und zu Guttenbergs , in the ranking of the 500 richest Germans at 400 million euros. The income from the Rhön Clinic in Bad Neustadt an der Saale was given as the origin of the fortune . In March 2002, the family-owned 26 percent package of common shares in the clinic was sold, which is said to have brought in around 260 million euros. In October 2008, Enoch zu Guttenberg transferred his property in Kulmbach, including inventory and forest operations, to an Austrian private foundation .

coat of arms

Blazon

In blue a golden rose ; on the helmet with red-silver covers a five natural moss piston besteckter ermine -gestulpter low red Turnierhut .

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  Guttenberg coat of arms in the Ingeram Codex , 1459

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  Coat of arms in Siebmacher's coat of arms book , 1605, with incorrect tinging

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  Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1922

The golden Guttenberg rose

It can be found in various municipal coats of arms in Upper and Lower Franconia:

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  Guttenberg municipal coat of arms

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  Kirchlauter municipal coat of arms

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  Municipal coat of arms of Sulzdorf an der Lederhecke

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  Rugendorf municipal coat of arms

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  Breitbrunn municipal coat of arms

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  Bindlach municipal coat of arms

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  Ködnitz municipal coat of arms with parts of Plassberg and Guttenberg

literature

• Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , p. 221.
• Johannes Bischoff:  Guttenberg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 351 ( digitized version ).
• Alban von Dobenck : History of the extinct family of the von Sparneck . Part 1. In: Archives for the history of Upper Franconia. Bayreuth 1905.
• Maria von dem Bottlenberg-Landsberg: Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg. 1902-1945. A picture of life. Lukas, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-94-0 .
• Reinhold Albert : Chronicle of the community Sulzdorf an der Lederhecke. 2 volumes. Frankenschwelle, Hildburghausen 1994.
• Helmut Haas: Bindlacher Chronik. Bindlach 1983.
• Johannes Bischoff: Genealogy of the ministerials from Blassenberg and barons from (and to) Guttenberg 1148–1970. Würzburg 1971.
• Genealogical calendar 1753. p. 542.
• Erich von Guttenberg : The formation of territories on the Obermain. Part I and Part II, In: 79th Report of the Historical Association of Bamberg. 1927. (Reprint: 1966)
• J. Bischoff: Genealogy of the Ministerials von Blassenberg and the Freiherrn von and zu Guttenberg. 1966
• Genealogical manual of the nobility. Guttenberg (in Bavaria) Volume I. Baronial houses. A 1 1952; Volume IX as baronial houses A IX 1975, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn
• Klaus Rupprecht: The preservation of knighthood in Franconia - the history of von Guttenberg in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period. Neustadt ad Aisch 1994
• Sabine Henze-Döhring : Nobility with a sense of citizenship. From the Principality of Bamberg to the Kingdom of Bavaria Bamberg 2009, pp. 34–52
• Gerhard Friedrich Albrecht : Genealogical state calendar on the year MDCCLXXVI. Frankfurt / M. 1776, pp. 72–79 (full text)
• Annett Haberlah-Pohl: Münchberg (Historischer Atlas von Bayern F 39), Munich 2011, p. 113 and p. 244–248
• Gustav Voigt: The nobility on the Obermain in Die Plassenburg - Writings for local research and cultural maintenance in East Franconia , Bd. 28, Kulmbach 1969

Web links

Commons : Guttenberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Klaus Rupprecht: Guttenberg, noble family . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
• Coat of arms of the "Gutenberg" in Nikolaus Bertschi's book of arms, especially of German families, Augsburg 1515
• Guttenberg coat of arms in Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1701, Volume 1, Plate 101
• Ancestral sample Carl Theodor zu Guttenberg
• Commercial Register entry of Freiherrlich to and from Guttenberg'schen private foundation, registration number FN 320170 p

Individual evidence

1. ^ Archive for history and archeology of Upper Franconia 18, Bayreuth 1891, p. 2.
2. ^ Gerhard Friedrich Albrecht : Genealogical state calendar on the year MDCCLXXVI . Frankfurt / M. 1776, p. 72.
3. ↑ Klaus Rupprecht, p. 59.
4. ^ Genealogy of the Barons von Guttenberg, p. 78.
5. ↑ Biographical-Bibliographical Church Lexicon ( Memento from June 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
6. ^ Theodor, Freiherr von Guttenberg Geneall, accessed on July 3, 2018.
7. ↑ Manager Magazin 11a | 2010, Volume 40, p. 61.
8. ↑ 2009: Rhön-Klinikum: 20 records in a row in Wirtschaftswoche on February 24, 2009, accessed on November 15, 2010.
9. ^ Spiegel Online: Guttenbergs hand over castle to foundation , October 14, 2009.