Aufseß (noble family)

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Coat of arms according to Scheibler's book of arms

The Aufseß are a Franconian noble family with the same parent company in Aufseß in the Bayreuth district . They were free imperial knights and belonged to the imperial knighthood in the Franconian knight circle .

history

origin

The Aufseß was first mentioned in a document with the noble free "Herolt de Ufsaze" in 1114, he appears there as trustee of the Bamberg monastery St. Jakob . The direct family line began with Otto von Aufseß (mentioned in 1296). The ancestral homes of the family are the castles Unteraufseß , Freienfels and desert stone above the Aufseß- and the Wiesent valley in the Franconian Switzerland ( Upper Franconia ).

Family history

Aufseß Castle from the 12th century.
Unteraufseß Castle and the keep of the castle

Aufseß Castle (today: Unteraufseß ) on a hill in the village of Aufseß is the family seat. The name Unteraufseß was only used to distinguish it from Oberaufseß Castle , which was built in 1690 and located higher up , before that for centuries the complex was only called Aufseß Castle. The Middle High German name Ufsaze means on (the rock) sit 'and refers to the location of the keep cover which sits on a rocky spur. The origin of the castle could go back to the early 11th century; According to legend, a knight "Heinrich von Ufsaze" is said to have moved to Franconia in 1007 together with King Heinrich, who later became Emperor Heinrich II . In fact, King Heinrich founded the Bamberg diocese in November 1007 and Aufseß Castle was possibly part of the protective belt that was supposed to protect the young diocese against incursions from the east.

In 1323 Otto I. von Aufseß received the court office of an inheritance from the Bamberg Monastery , which until the end of the Old Kingdom in 1806 was always exercised by a member of the family. In 1387 King Wenceslaus of Bohemia granted the family blood jurisdiction , which was confirmed by later emperors. Nevertheless, there were protracted disputes with the Bamberg Monastery. This privilege also lasted until the end of the Old Kingdom.

In the late Middle Ages, Aufseß Castle developed into a Ganerbeburg , where several lines of the family lived together. In 1395 Otto I. von Aufseß drew up a truce agreement to safeguard property rights, which also affected the rules for living together on the castle grounds.

The family provided several canons in Bamberg and Würzburg and with Friedrich III. von Aufseß († 1440) a prince-bishop of Bamberg .

In 1714 Carl Sigmund von Aufseß obtained the elevation of the entire family to hereditary imperial baron status . In the early 19th century the family was divided into the 1st line (Unteraufseß), which is Lutheran and Catholic, and the 2nd, Lutheran line (Oberaufseß). Both have their respective headquarters to this day.

Ownership history

Built by Aufseß or acquired in the Franconian Switzerland 17 Castles: Unteraufseß , desert stone , castle Freienfels , Castle Oberaufseß , Höchstaufseß, Königsfeld I, Herold stone , Hedgerow, Neidenstein ad Wiesent , Sachsendorf , stinging village , Truppach I and III, Veilbronn I, pond I and II at the Wiesent and Wolkenstein . They owned shares in Hagenbach , Kainach , Königsfeld II, Neuhaus, Mengersdorf , Reifenberg , Veilbronn II, Wadendorf and Waischenfeld . At court they had a residence in Hofeck .

Freienfels Castle

The castle Freienfels was built around 1280 to 1300 about eight kilometers north of Außseß in Wiesenttal by the knight Otto von Aufseß (1296-1338). It stood on open land and was therefore imperial . In the Peasants' War in 1525, rebellious peasants burned the castle down; then it rebuilt knight Pankraz von Aufseß. After renewed conquests and devastation in the Thirty Years' War and subsequent family disputes, Canon Carl Siegmund Freiherr von Aufseß acquired the castle in 1690, tore the heavily dilapidated castle and built the current baroque castle on its foundations between 1693 and 1701. In 1867 the family sold the castle and property in Freienfels.

The third family castle was in Wüstenstein , a few kilometers south of Aufseß in the Aufseß Valley. It was first mentioned in 1327, destroyed in 1430 and again in 1525 and then rebuilt. Today's Wüstenstein Castle was built in the 18th century by the von Brandenstein family using the older core.

Oberaufseß Castle

Aufseß Castle was besieged or conquered when the Hussites invaded Upper Franconia in 1430, in the Peasants 'War in 1525 and in the Thirty Years' War . In 1676 the family castle came to the brothers Friedrich and Karl Heinrich von Aufseß, who got into a dispute, which is why Karl Heinrich had the Oberaufseß Castle built a little further north in the Aufseßal from 1690, which was relatively strong for this time . In the Aufseß castle complex , Friedrich had the Unteraufseß castle restored next to the medieval keep and rebuilt the east wing in 1677. The separation of the family into a Protestant and a Catholic line led to tensions, especially during the reconstruction of the castle church. Both castles, Unteraufseß and Oberaufseß, are still family-owned and can be visited.

In King field which arises Aufseß , a 23-kilometer stream which at Doo in the Wiesent opens. The name goes back to a Carolingian royal court , which was first mentioned in 741; In the 14th century Königsfeld came to the Lords of Aufseß, who built a (no longer existing) knight seat here.

Höchstaufseß Castle was built by Friedrich von Aufseß after 1690 and burned down in 1718.

Carl Theodor Freiherr von Aufseß (1686–1742), prince-bishop canon and privy councilor, had a baroque city palace, the Aufseß-Palais, built around 1726 at Bamberger Karolinenstraße 26. Philipp Friedrich von Aufseß (1691–1743) had the Aufseßhöflein (Bamberg) built as a garden palace from 1723 to 1728 . The cathedral capitular Jodocus Freiherr von Aufseß († 1738) donated his estate to the establishment of a seminary for students of the Bamberg and Würzburg dioceses, with which the Aufseesianum (Bamberg) was established in 1740 .

In 1875, the Aufseß inherited the Elmischwang Castle near Augsburg , which is still owned by the family.

Status surveys

On March 24, 1695 were Johann Friedrich von Aufseß, electoral Bavarian chamberlain , and his brother Christoph Wilhelm von Aufseß in the imperial counts charged. On November 24, 1714, Carl Sigmund, Ernst Alexander, Carl Friedrich, Carl Heinrich and Heinrich Christoph von Aufseß received the status of imperial barons .

The Aufseß were enrolled in the Bavarian baron class on January 18, 1813, and on November 28, 1882 they were given permission to call themselves "Freiherr or Freifrau von und zu Aufseß" with all family members.

Personalities

coat of arms

The coat of arms in blue shows a red rose on a silver crossbar . The helmet covers are silver and blue. The crest consists of two buffalo horns , which in several heraldic books completely repeat the motif of the heraldic shield in the tinging described . One or more peacock feathers rise centrally between the horns .

literature

  • Genealogical manual of the aristocracy , Adelslexikon Volume I . Volume 53 of the complete series. CA Starke Publishing House. Limburg (Lahn) 1972. p. 153.
  • Ernst Freiherr von und zu Aufseß : History of Oberaufseß . o. O. 1890.
  • Otto Freiherr von und zu Aufseß : History of the Uradelichen Auffseß'schen family in Franconia . Berlin 1888. Digitized
  • Markus Wilson: Imperial knighthood and rule of law. The case of Hans Wilhelm v. Aufseß (master's thesis). Regensburg 1997.
  • Hans Max Frh. From and to Aufseß: Castle Aufseß. Life picture of a Franconian knight's castle . 1956.
  • August Gebeßler : City and District of Hof . Munich 1960. p. 29.
  • The aristocracy enrolled in Bavaria. Volume XVI. P. 163.
  • Gustav Voigt: The nobility on the Upper Main. The Plassenburg , writings for local research and cultural maintenance in East Franconia, vol. 28, Kulmbach 1969.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Imperial Knighthood Place Gebürg: Wüstenstein ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.reichsritterschaftsort-gebuerg.eu
  2. ↑ see also Wandereisen woodcuts from 1523
  3. ↑ Gustav Voit u. a .: From the country in the mountains to Franconian Switzerland . Bayreuth 1992. p. 80.
  4. ↑ cf. List of regiments of the Frankish Reichskreis
  5. ^ Dataset on Hans Werner von Aufseß at the German National Library.

Web links

Commons : Aufseß (noble family)  - collection of images, videos and audio files