St. Jakob (Bamberg)
St. Jakob is one of the oldest churches in Bamberg and is only a few meters above Domberg on Jakobsberg, one of Bamberg's seven hills.
architecture
The Jakobskirche dates from the High Middle Ages , is only a little younger than the Bamberg Cathedral and today gives an impression of how the cathedral may originally have looked inside. It is a flat-roofed, double-choir, cross-shaped pillar basilica, which, based on the model of the cathedral, has the transept in the west.
history
The Jakobskirche was started in 1073 by Bishop Hermann and completed in 1109 by Bishop Otto . The western of the two choirs was given a Gothic renovation in the 15th century, and the eastern apse was masked by a baroque facade in 1771 under Bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim . At the same time, the southern half-finished tower was demolished and the northern one crowned with an onion helmet. A coat of arms from the 13th century is the oldest example of the coat of arms carried by the Bamberg “city knight”.
The crypt under the west choir was filled in during the first restoration in 1706. The crypt of the east choir disappeared during the second restoration in 1771. The fresco painting over the crossing with scenes from the life of St. James dates from that time .
From 1866 to 1882 the church was re- Romanized . After a careful restoration in the 1990s, it is now the only almost completely Romanesque church in the city.
St. Jakob Abbey
The St. Jakob monastery reached its heyday as an independent collegiate monastery in the 12th century and produced a number of well-known people. Canon Heimo von Sankt Jakob († 1139) wrote a world chronicle about God's saving work from creation to his time and Arnold, who was provost of the monastery and author of a regimen sanitatis (completed in Avignon in 1317) around 1315, was personal physician to the Bavarian Count Palatine Rudolf . From 1463 the monastery was subordinate to the cathedral dean . On June 21, 1798 Johann Michael Vogt (1729–1803) was elected the last canon dean. The St. Jakob monastery was dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization , the Marian Sodals saved the building from demolition. In 1852 the Marian Sodality of St. Jakob in Bamberg made the church available to the Franciscans of the Bavarian Franciscan Province , the Franciscans stayed until September 7, 1981. The monastery and seminary complex has since been owned by the Archdiocese of Bamberg, the Church of St. Jakob used by the Marian lords and citizens' modality to St. Jakob and the cathedral parish of St. Peter and Georg for worship purposes. The owner is the Marianische Herren- und Bürgerodalität zu St. Jakob in Bamberg with approx. 320 members.
Organs
Main organ
The organ building company GF Steinmeyer & Co. , Oettingen, built the current organ as Opus 505 in 1894. Previous instruments were occupied by Johann Baptist Bischof in 1847 and by Joseph Wiedemann in 1865. It was restored to its original state in 1992/1993 by master organ builder Thomas Eichfelder, Bamberg, after it had been exposed to several interventions and alterations in the course of its history (pipe expansion in the course of the world wars, re-intonation, addition of a swell box for the second manual). Ulrich Theißen documents the following disposition, consisting of 17 labial voices, distributed over two manuals and pedal :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids : 3 fixed combinations (p, mf, tutti)
Kupferberger positive
The "Kupferberger Positiv" has been in the St. Josefskapelle (weekday chapel) on permanent loan from the Diocesan Museum in Bamberg for a number of years. Its name is based on the fact that it was originally made for the Hospital Church of the Holy Spirit and St. Catherine in Kupferberg and was located there until the end of the 1960s. Sometimes it was carried through the streets of the city for processions. In 1968 it was sold in an almost unplayable condition to the Diocesan Museum in Bamberg and restored on their behalf by the organ builder Erich Stellmacher, Nuremberg. The "Kupferberger Positiv" is made as a cabinet positive and dates from the end of the 17th century. The builder is not known, but it is assigned to Matthias Tretzscher or his school. It has a trapezoidal front and rear prospect, each lockable with doors. The wind is supplied via two wedge bellows, one on top of the other, which are housed in the lower box. Originally they were pulled up by hand with the help of leather straps. An electric blower has performed this task since 1981. To the right and left of the manual (upper keys: ivory, lower keys: boxwood) there are four registers arranged one above the other.
Disposition:
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Bells
Five bells hang in the north tower . The two great instruments from the 14th century were cast by the same anonymous master who created the fire bell in St. Lorenz in Nuremberg. Because of their excellent ornamentation and design, they were spared the deliveries of both world wars. The Franziskusglocke replaces the St. John's bell from 1716. With its strike tone g 1 +3, it was close to that of the Marienglocke (bell 2) and therefore ended up in the Marienweiher pilgrimage church . This divided the historical stock.
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No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Caster |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
| 1 | Jacobus | 14th century | Master of the Nuremberg Fire Bell | 1365 | ≈2000 | e 1 +8 |
| 2 | Maria | 1200 | ≈1500 | f sharp 1 +13 | ||
| 3 | Francis | 1956 | Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling | 980 | ≈650 | g sharp 1 +12 |
| 4th | Choir bell | 1718 | Johann Conrad Roth | 653 | ≈150 | dis 2 +6 |
| 5 | Measuring bell | 1540 | Nuremberg workshop | 557 | ≈140 | g 2 +3 |
Quote
In their Bamberg travel guide from 1912, Schneider and Ament write about the Bamberg Jakobsberg and its surroundings:
“ We walk through Storchsgasse to Jakobsberg, the area of the former immunity St. Jakob. Here the Romanesque column basilica of the St. Jakobskirche, formerly the church of the Collegiate Lords, now property of the “Marian Citizenship”, demands our full attention. The small acacia avenue in front of the church, popularly known as Franzosenallee, was planted by a prisoner-of-war French NCO in 1871 on behalf of the Franciscan monastery. This is opposite the church. To the south, the Jakobsberg drops very steeply to the Sutte, a deeply sunk street that had stagnant water before 1840. "
They comment on architecture as follows:
“ On the outside, the church is a Romanesque building, apart from the arched windows, only two small apses on the east wall of the transept with very simple arched friezes; inside, however, one may enjoy the sight of a purely Romanesque basilica, its fine spatial proportions and its light beauty. Eight columned arcades support the nave; the bases of the column shafts, mostly hewn from one piece of red sandstone, are steep and without a corner leaf, the cube capitals are covered by a two-part plate. "
Individual evidence
- ^ Gundolf Keil : Arnold von Bamberg. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 101.
- ↑ Ulrich Theißen: Queen of Diversity. Present and history of the Bamberg organs . St. Ottilien 2011, p. 200–207, Disposition p. 203 .
- ^ Hermann Fischer , Theodor Wohnhaas : Historical organs in Upper Franconia . Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-7954-0385-5 , p. 56 .
- ↑ Ulrich Theißen: Queen of Diversity. Present and history of the Bamberg organs . eos, Sankt Ottilien 2011, ISBN 978-3-8306-7474-0 , p. 208-209 .
- ^ Hermann Fischer, Theodor Wohnhaas: Franconian Positive II . In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research . tape 28 , 1968, p. 323-324 . There p. 339 a picture from the state of 1968.
- ^ Claus Peter: Bells, bells and tower clocks in Bamberg . Heinrichs-Verlag, Bamberg 2008, p. 156.
- ^ Peter Schneider, Wilhelm Ament: Bamberg. Speyer, 1912
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 28 " N , 10 ° 52 ′ 38" E