Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim
Adam Friedrich August Anton Joseph Maria Graf von Seinsheim (born February 16, 1708 in Regensburg or Sünching , † February 18, 1779 in Würzburg) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg .
biography
Adam von Seinsheim's parents were the Bavarian Secret Councilor and Hofrat President Maximilian Franz Graf von Seinsheim (1681–1739) and Anna Philippina Countess von Schönborn (1685–1721). As a nephew, Adam Friedrich was related to the (Prince) Bishops Franz Georg von Schönborn , Friedrich Carl von Schönborn , Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim and Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn .
Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim studied philosophy in Salzburg (master's degree 1724), theology 1725–1727 at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome and law in Würzburg and Leiden . He was entrusted with diplomatic tasks early on by his Würzburg uncle Friedrich Carl . Due to the appointment of his successor, Anselm Franz von Ingelheim , Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim became imperial ambassador in 1745 and president of the court chamber and the court war council in Würzburg in 1748 . His career as a cleric began in 1718 when he was accepted into the cathedral chapters of Bamberg and Würzburg as domicellar . Further positions followed. In 1747 von Seinsheim became provost in the collegiate monastery of St. Gangolf in Bamberg, and in 1755 he was unanimously elected as Bishop of Würzburg. Due to the vacancy of the Bamberg bishop's chair, which occurred in 1757, he was elected to a personal union at the imperial insistence . In terms of foreign policy, he supported the imperial family and concluded an alliance with Austria during the Seven Years' War , which subsequently led to incursions by Prussian troops into both monasteries.
Despite a lottery and a new tax system , Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim was unable to resolve the financial needs of his church states. He promoted the construction of traffic routes and the Main shipping ( Alter Kranen (Würzburg) ) as well as the entire economy by founding manufactories and the revitalization of mines ; he even set up fire insurance .
Von Seinsheim was considered a pious Catholic and a man of integrity and turned to Freemasonry at an early age . In addition to religious and economic promotion, his focus was on the development of the school system. In 1762 he reformed the educational system in his domain with the introduction of compulsory schooling , which was followed in 1770 by the establishment of a teachers' college and in 1771 by the enactment of city and country school regulations for the lower school level. At the same time, with a view to the economic competition of the Protestant neighboring territories of Coburg and Bayreuth, he tried to curb the escalating popular piety by reducing the number of holidays in 1770. A measure that not only amounted to a reduction in annual leave, but also changed the then familiar structure of the time and triggered fierce criticism. Fifteen years later, his successor, Franz Ludwig von Erthal , was forced to revoke the order. As a patron of the pilgrimage, von Seinsheim had the Basilica Vierzehnheiligen completed and consecrated. In 1773 he elevated the Academica Ottonia in Bamberg to a university - an expression of his enlightened sentiments as its first representative on the throne of the Dukes of Franconia . In the field of music, the Prince-Bishop initiated and promoted the Würzburg Court Opera , which had an excellent reputation throughout Europe during the last decade of his reign. After his death the stage was given up and the furnishings removed.
As the builder, Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim is considered to have completed the last construction and furnishing phase of the huge Würzburg residence (court architect was Franz Ignaz Michael Neumann , among others ), in which he maintained a splendid court and which was later named by Napoléon Bonaparte as "Europe's largest parsonage" (French . "le plus grand presbytère d'Europe").
In 1765 he arranged for the acquisition of a house (the " Welzhaus " in today's Klinikstrasse 6 in Würzburg) near the Juliusspital , in which epileptics were admitted to cure and benefices. He opened this first house for epileptics on April 19, 1773 (the deed of foundation or foundation was issued on May 22, 1773). The Prince-Bishop's interest in his subordinates, his struggle against a lack of education and other grievances earned him the title of "Father of the Fatherland". Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim ended his life after a delayed pneumonia in Würzburg and was buried there. In Bamberg Cathedral was built him an epitaph, which, however, since 1838 in the St. Michael's Church is located.
literature
- Harald Ssymank: Prince-Bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim's government in Würzburg and Bamberg (1755–1779). sn, sl 1939, (Würzburg, University, dissertation, 1939, typewritten).
- Thomas Gunzelmann: Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim as a landscape designer and regional planner. ( online on the author's homepage; accessed on June 21, 2013 (PDF; 4.6 MB)).
- Burkard von Roda: Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim. Client between Rococo and Classicism. On the Würzburg and Bamberg court art based on the private correspondence of the prince-bishop. (1755–1779) (= publications by the Society for Franconian History. Series 8: Sources and representations on Franconian art history. Vol. 6 = Publication by the Friends of Mainfränkischer Kunst und Geschichte. Special volume). Degener, Neustadt / Aisch 1980, ISBN 3-86652-806-X (also: Würzburg, University, dissertation, 1978).
- Anton Schindling : The Julius University in the Age of Enlightenment. In: Peter Baumgart (Ed.): Four hundred years of the University of Würzburg. A commemorative publication. Degener & Co. (Gerhard Gessner), Neustadt an der Aisch 1982 (= sources and contributions to the history of the University of Würzburg. Volume 6), ISBN 3-7686-9062-8 , pp. 77–127; here: pp. 89–95.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See for example Michael Ignaz Schmidt : Design of the Wirzburg Schools Institution. Ed. On […] orders […] Adam Friderichs Bishop of Bamberg and Wirzburg […]. Göbhard, Würzburg 1774.
- ^ Ludwig K. Walter: History of the theological faculty in Würzburg. , P. 71 f.
- ^ Karl Heinz Mayer: The old story of Scheßlitz. Self-published, Scheßlitz 2000, p. 279.
- ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Supplement 3; also dissertation Würzburg 1995), ISBN 3-88479-932-0 , pp. 13-27 ( Das Welzhaus ), here: pp. 13-18.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Seinsheim, Adam Friedrich von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Seinsheim, Adam Friedrich August Anton Joseph Maria von (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 16, 1708 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | regensburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 18, 1779 |
| Place of death | Wurzburg |