Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation

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General plan of the property
Entrance of the Juliusspital on the Juliuspromenade

The Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation was founded by the Würzburg prince-bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn . The core of the Foundation is the Juliusspital , a hospital of specialized care, with 365 beds. It also includes a senior citizens' foundation with 150 residents, the Juliusspital winery (the second largest winery in Germany) and the Vogelsburg monastery with its wineries on the Volkacher Mainschleife .

Founding history

Historical memorial point, sculpture by Kurt Grimm, 2013
Former portal relief of the Juliusspital (today in the central passage of the prince's building), the "stone foundation document", created by the Würzburg master Hans Rodlein, who was still close to medieval Gothic, from 1576 to 1578
Reference to the symbolism of the sculpture: cuboid as building, ring as family coat of arms, stele as tombstone of the destroyed Jewish cemetery
Statue of Julius Echter in Würzburg, opposite the Juliusspital on the Juliuspromenade

When Julius Echter was elected Bishop of Würzburg in 1573 , he had been recommended to the Würzburg Cathedral Chapter by the Archdiocese of Mainz and specifically prepared for his task. The diocese was caught in the religious turmoil of the Reformation and the Franconian nobility had mostly converted to Protestantism. So that a large part of the Franconian population did not switch to Protestantism in accordance with the saying Cuius regio, eius religio , they wanted an assertive prince-bishop.

Julius soon recognized the lack of sufficient poor hospitals and hospitals and medical training opportunities in his residence city of Würzburg. A hospital, the Citizens Hospital of the Holy Spirit , has existed since 1316, founded by Johann von Steren, a Würzburg patrician. Previously founded hospitals were St. Margareth (the formerly located at the south-eastern city gate, in 1120 subordinated to the neighboring monastery of St. Stephan , presumably also provided with medical care) and the Dietrichspital (1144), which was first consecrated to Aegidius and also served as a hospital.

Julius Echter, who also rebuilt the ruined Würzburg University, donated his hospital from his private assets. He bought up gardens and storage areas, but also had the Jewish cemetery leveled, which the Jewish community had bought forever. The foundation stone for the hospital building was laid on March 12, 1576 by the Prince-Bishop. This is how the history of the hospital began. In the letter of foundation dated March 12, 1579, the prince-bishop secured the maintenance of the complex by transferring property such as fields, vineyards and forests, which have not lost their value to this day. The inauguration of the Julius Hospital took place on July 10, 1580 and the first 21 patients were admitted. It was described as “surpassing all other hospitals in Germany in terms of grandeur”. About one and a half years after the foundation was notarized, the sick or beneficiaries were accepted. According to the foundation letter, the Juliusspital should accept "all sorts of poor, sick, impossible and harmful Leuth, who need sore and other medicines, the same abandoned ways and then for over-moving pilgrims and needy people". Wilhelm Schefferlein , called Opilio, became the chief hospital doctor in 1581. In 1583 the building of the Juliusspital hospital was largely completed. From 1583/1584 psychiatric patients were also admitted to the Juliusspital, who were only isolated from the other hospital inmates in exceptional cases (however, the Juliusspital did not receive a doctor specializing in the treatment of the mentally ill until 1798 with the doctor Anton, who had also worked there for many years in psychiatric training Müller).

Foundation, endowment

The foundation, whose development in the 18th and 19th centuries was based in particular on reforms and building measures by Prince-Bishop Franz Ludwig von Erthal , owns over 3,300 hectares of forest, around 1,100 hectares of agricultural goods and 177 hectares of vineyards. It is a non-profit organization and uses its proceeds to maintain a hospital and a foundation for the elderly, nursing homes and benefactors.
The Juliusspital with its St. Kilian Church is an independent parish in Würzburg.

The Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation consists of the following institutions:

  • Juliusspital wine taverns
  • Juliusspital wine sales
  • Juliusspital retirement home
  • Juliusspital Würzburg clinics
  • Restaurant Juliusspital Würzburg
  • Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation
  • Palliative care ward Juliusspital Würzburg
  • Würzburg winery

hospital

New hospital building (Koellikerbau)

Supply tasks

The Juliusspital Hospital (also: Hospital of the Juliusspital Foundation) is a specialist care hospital (care level II) and an academic teaching hospital of the University of Würzburg , based in Würzburg . The Juliusspital Hospital offers its services nationwide and has 342 beds, 11 specialist departments, a pharmacy and a physiotherapy center.

Würzburg Center Clinic (KWM)

In January 2017, the Juliusspital Hospital and the Missioklinik merged to form the Klinikum Würzburg Mitte (KWM for short). The well-known and traditional names of the two locations have been retained.

Organizationally, hospital operations were thus outsourced from the Juliusspital Foundation.

The result was a clinic with 663 beds, around 1,900 employees and a sales volume of over 100 million euros per year.

The sponsors of the Würzburg Mitte gGmbH are the Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation, the Medical Mission Institute Würzburg and the Children's Hospital Association at Mönchberg eV

history

Juliusspital, copper engraving by Johann Leypolt, 1604

Medical education

Garden pavilion

The doctors and scientists Siebold , Kölliker and Virchow worked in the old anatomy, which was used from 1726 to 1853 for student training and research in the garden pavilion built by Joseph Greissing as a summer palace instead of the Ellenmühle that previously existed there . The building, destroyed in 1945, was rebuilt as a ballroom in 1958. Today concerts and conferences take place in the garden pavilion. The figures in the facade niches of the pavilion were created in 1787 by the Würzburg court sculptor Johann Peter Wagner .

The garden pavilion is located on the east side of the former "Julius Hospital and Botanical Garden". This botanical garden was laid out under the government of Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim and expanded in 1788 under Franz Ludwig von Erthal .

At the Juliusspital as the location and hospital of the medical faculty of the university, Franz Heinrich Meinolf Wilhelm (1725–1794) introduced clinical lessons for the first time in Würzburg in the winter of 1772/73, as part of which, as a Collegium clinicum, students were allowed to treat patients under supervision, and from 1785 Wilhelm was the first professor there to give lectures no longer in Latin but in German.

Building history

The Julius Hospital around 1700
Juliusspital. North wing with royal building and arcades, 1699–1714
“Four rivers fountain” created in the Greiffenclau era with river personifications, dolphins and a griffin holding the prince's coat of arms with his claws
In the arcades of the Juliusspital
Inner courtyard Juliusspital (on the right arcade building Juliusspital)

The original facility was built around 1585 according to plans by Georg Robin as a rectangular complex arranged around a courtyard north outside the inner city and was the first modern hospital building in Germany. A copper engraving by Johann Leypold from 1603 shows the appearance of the four-wing complex at that time. Italian hospital buildings and hospitals in Beaune ( Hôtel-Dieu ) and Salzburg ( Admonter Hof ) are named as models . In place of the north wing, which was destroyed by fire in 1699, Antonio Petrini (died 1701) built a new building from 1700 (the central building of the spacious north wing, already known at that time as the prince's building, which temporarily served as the city residence of the commissioning prince-bishop Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths ), which after Petrini's death 1701 by Joseph Greissing (1664-1721) until 1714 was completed. The princely rooms of the newly built north wing were decorated with paintings by the Innsbruck artist Melchior Steidl (the paintings made in 1706 were destroyed during the renovation carried out in 1788/1789). The four-stream fountain in the "Lustgarten" of the Juliusspital, completed in 1708, is a sculptural work by the court sculptor Jakob van der Auwera, who had been in the hospital's service since 1700. On June 5, 1706 Auwera had received the order from the Prince-Bishop (who also had a competing design by Balthasar Esterbauer ). The gardens of the Juliusspital, with the gardens of Seehof Castle and Gaibach Castle founded by Elector Lothar Franz, are among the most attractive in Main Franconia when they were built in the first decade of the 18th century . From 1785 to 1793 the three wings of the hospital building on the street side were replaced by a new building.

A pharmacy at the Juliusspital has been supplying the hospital with medicines since 1683 and has also been supplying several other hospitals in Würzburg with medicines since 1982. The working rooms of the active pharmacy are on both sides of the Rococo pharmacy.

The pharmacy was rebuilt in the years 1760–1765 after the fire of 1699. The listed rococo pharmacy is accessible during tours of the Juliusspital winery. In the rooms there is a fully preserved and historically significant art rococo - Offizin . Antonio Giuseppe Bossi created ceilings and window decorations in rocailles . Andreas Thalheimer painted the frescoes of the cross vault with allegories of the four elements . Johann Georg Oegg created the wrought-iron recipe attachment above the recipe table. Johann Peter Wagner created the medicine cabinets on the left and right of the recipe table with lime wood figures of the four seasons.

The facility of the Juliusspital hospital was destroyed by the war in 1945 and rebuilt by 1955.

In the building erected in 1995 on Koellikerstraße, all functional units and wards of the hospital are now housed.

Medical orientation

The Juliusspital Hospital currently has the following eleven specialist medical clinics as specialist departments:

Juliusspital winery

Tavern sign of the wine tavern

It is a top winery and belongs to the Association of German Predicate and Quality Wineries . It was classified with four grapes by the Gault Millau Germany Wine Guide. It has vineyards in all the top locations in Franconia : for example at the Würzburger Stein , Randersackerer Pfülben, Iphöfer Julius-Echter-Berg, Rödelseer Küchenmeister, Escherndorfer Lump and Vogelsburger Pforte . It produces 60 different wines. The predominant grape variety is traditionally the Silvaner . Riesling and Müller-Thurgau are also well represented . Four large plants are created under particularly strict requirements. The income from the winery flows into the Juliusspital Foundation. The Bocksbeutel bottles from the Juliusspital have a shoulder crest embossed with the official seal of the founder. The 250-meter-long wooden barrel cellar with 220 barrels and bottle storage is located under the Fürstenbau of the Juliusspital. At the coronation of Queen Elisabeth II , a 1950 Riesling Auslese from the Iphöfer Julius-Echter-Berg vineyard was served.

Like the other two large Würzburg wineries - the Staatliche Hofkeller and the Bürgerspital zum Heiligen Geist - the Juliusspital winery offers guided tours through the extensive foundation area and the wine cellar. There is direct sales for private customers in the Weineck Julius Echter wine store in Koellikerstraße.

literature

  • Oberpflegamt der Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation (Ed.): The Juliusspital Würzburg in the past and present: Festschrift on the occasion of the inauguration of the rebuilt parish church of the Juliusspital on July 16, 1953 . Würzburg: Franconian company printing house 1953.
  • Head of the Juliusspital Foundation Würzburg (Ed.): Alfred Wendehorst : The Juliusspital in Würzburg. I: cultural history. Juliusspital Foundation, Würzburg 1976; Friedrich Merzbacher : The Juliusspital in Würzburg. II: Legal and Property History. Ibid 1979.
  • Ludwig Weiss (edit.), Chief Nursing Office of the Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation (ed.): 400 years of the parish church of St. Kilian in the Juliusspital in Würzburg . Wuerzburg 1980.
  • Johanna Bleker (Ed.): Sick people and illnesses in the Juliusspital zu Würzburg 1819–1829: on the early history of the general hospital in Germany . In: Treatises on the history of medicine and the natural sciences, 72. Husum: Matthiesen, 1995, ISBN 3-7868-4072-5 .
  • Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 590–592, 602 and 632 f.
  • Andreas Mettenleiter : The anatomical sculptures by Johann Peter Wagner on the facade of the July hospital garden pavilion in Würzburg. In: Würzburg medical history reports. 18. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1999.
  • Robert Wagner: Wine and meat mark of the Juliusspital in Würzburg . In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst , 25 (= 96), 1973, pp. 145–149.

Movies

  • The Würzburg Juliusspital. Film by Hiltrud Reiter, BR 2007, shown on September 27, 2009 in BR-alpha at 6:00 p.m. - 6:45 p.m. (Charitable foundation in viticulture, agriculture, forestry, health care).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 602.
  2. ^ Georg Sticker : History of the development of the medical faculty at the Alma Mater Julia. In: Max Buchner (Ed.): From the past of the University of Würzburg. Festschrift for the 350th anniversary of the university. Berlin 1932, pp. 383-799, here: pp. 441 f.
  3. ^ Markus Schütz: St. Stephan in Würzburg. In: House of Bavarian History. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  4. ^ In the 13th century Ortolf von Baierland probably worked at the Dietrichspital. Cf. Gundolf Keil: Ortolf von Baierland (von Würzburg) . In: New German Biography. Volume 19, p. 605 f.
  5. ^ Georg Sticker: History of the development of the medical faculty at the Alma Mater Julia. 1932, p. 439.
  6. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Anton Müller. First insane doctor at the Juliusspital in Würzburg: life and work. A short outline of the history of psychiatry up to Anton Müller. Medical dissertation Würzburg 1991, p. 9–80 ( Brief outline of the history of psychiatry ) and 81–96 ( History of psychiatry in Würzburg to Anton Müller ), p. 82.
  7. ^ Georg Sticker: History of the development of the medical faculty at the Alma Mater Julia. 1932, p. 442.
  8. ↑ Caspar Lutz: Review of the history of the Julius Hospital in Würzburg. Lecture to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the laying of the foundation stone of this charity. Juliusspital Foundation, Würzburg 1876, p. 5.
  9. ^ Gundolf Keil : Juliusspital and University. Juliusspital Foundation, Würzburg 1994, p. 2 f.
  10. ^ Joseph Oegg: The treatment of the insane in the royal Juliushospitale in Würzburg; a contribution to the pathology and therapy of mental illnesses. Sulzbach 1829. - Oegg was a student of Müller.
  11. ^ Anton Müller: The insane asylum in the Royal Julius Hospitale in Würzburg and the six and twenty year old medical services at the same. With an appendix of medical histories and section reports. Stahel, Würzburg 1824.
  12. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Anton Müller. First insane doctor at the Juliusspital in Würzburg: life and work. A short outline of the history of psychiatry up to Anton Müller. Medical dissertation Würzburg 1991, pp. 9–80 ( Brief outline of the history of psychiatry ) and 81–96 ( History of psychiatry in Würzburg to Anton Müller ), pp. 86–90 and 96.
  13. ↑ See also Konrad Rieger : Die Psychiatrie in Würzburg from 1583-1893. In: Negotiations of the Physico-Medical Society in Würzburg, New Series. Volume 27, 1893, pp. 1-74.
  14. ↑ Renate Schindler: The Juliusspital. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes (Volume I-III / 2), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; Volume III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 786-789; here: p. 786.
  15. ↑ Weingut Juliusspital
  16. ↑ hospital. Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation, accessed on May 13, 2015 .
  17. ↑ a b Specialist departments in the Juliusspital hospital. Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation, accessed on May 13, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 638 f. and 947.
  19. ^ Heinz Otremba: Rudolf Virchow. Founder of cellular pathology. A documentation. Echter-Verlag, Würzburg 1991, p. 18.
  20. ^ Andreas Mettenleiter : The anatomical sculptures by Johann Peter Wagner on the facade of the Julius Hospital garden pavilion in Würzburg. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 18, 1999, pp. 95-109.
  21. ^ Ulrich Wagner (ed.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , p. 576 f., Plate 52.
  22. ↑ Christian von Deutster: From the beginnings of ear, nose and throat medicine in Würzburg. In: Peter Baumgart (Ed.): Four hundred years of the University of Würzburg. A commemorative publication. Degener & Co. (Gerhard Gessner), Neustadt an der Aisch 1982 (= sources and contributions to the history of the University of Würzburg. Volume 6), ISBN 3-7686-9062-8 , pp. 871-890, here: pp. 873 f .
  23. ^ Karlheinz Bartels : Franz HM Wilhelm and the 'Würzburger Pharmacopoe'. In: Tempora mutantur et nos? Festschrift for Walter M. Brod on his 95th birthday. Edited by Andreas Mettenleiter , Akamedon, Pfaffenhofen 2007, pp. 373–378, here: pp. 373 f.
  24. ↑ Robin, Georg . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 8 : Poethen – Schlueter . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-094025-1 , p. 459 ( books.google.de - limited preview).
  25. ↑ Lucia Longo: Antonio Petrini. A baroque architect in Franconia. (Schnell & Steiner artist library). Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-7954-0374-X , p. 49
  26. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, pp. 590-592.
  27. ^ Hanswernfried Muth: Pictorial and cartographic representations of the city. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 294–307 and 901, here: pp. 301 f.
  28. ↑ www.juliusspital.de: Parish St. Kilian .
  29. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, pp. 644-646 and 948.
  30. ↑ a b About us. Juliusspital Würzburg Foundation, accessed on May 13, 2015 .
  31. ^ Stiftung Juliusspital Apotheke (ed.): Rococo pharmacy of the Stiftung Juliusspital. Leaflet from around 2018.

Web links

Commons : Juliusspital Foundation (Würzburg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '51.3 "  N , 9 ° 55' 53.2"  E