Citizens Hospital for the Holy Spirit

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Citizens' hospital with church, wine bar and rehabilitation clinic

The Bürgerspital zum Hl. Geist is a non-church foundation ( hospital foundation ) in Würzburg . She runs several retirement homes and senior citizens' homes, as well as a geriatric rehabilitation clinic . The foundation's economic basis is the extensive properties and the winery , which is one of the oldest and largest German wineries today. A wine bar in the old town of Würzburg with a restaurant, in which wines from the Bürgerspital and Franconian snacks are offered, is also part of the facility.

history

Arcaded courtyard with wine tavern

The Bürgerpital zum Heiligen Geist was founded at the beginning of the 14th century by Johann (es) von Steren (around 1270–1329), also Johann vom Steren ( Johannes de ariete ), a Würzburg patrician of ministerial origin. Like his brothers Eckehard and Johann (the younger), Johann (the elder) was one of the most important representatives of the city of Würzburg. Around 1316 he and his wife Mergardis left their property in Semmelgasse (today Semmelstraße 2) in front of Haugerburgtor (or Hauger Tor, renamed Inneres Hauger Tor in the 14th century, and later called Spitaltor - until it was demolished in 1723 at the beginning of Eichhornstraße ) the city. The "New Spital", a foundation for the reception of poor and sick people in need of care, was first mentioned in a document on August 19, 1317 (however, no donor letter has been preserved). In a document dated June 23, 1319, Prince-Bishop Gottfried III confirmed . von Hohenlohe the partial exemption of the “New Hospital” and the administration by three bourgeois nurses (initially Johann von Steren, his son of the same name and a third party to be appointed by them. The subsequent procurator was to be appointed by the council of the citizenry). (Where nobles and - - explicitly decided in 1504 from the mid-14th century, the overall supervision appointed the hospital held manageable Council of citizenship, two nurses and a decision on inclusion of the occupants cleric ( priest were) generally rejected). There were two types of benefice : purchase of a benefice (old-age pension security through capital investment with appropriately available assets) or benefice for poor infirm without property (infirmary beneficiary with a low cost). A hospital master ran the hospital on site. In 1320/1321 the papal confirmation of the establishment of the foundation by Pope John XXII took place. The "New Spital" ( Novum Hospitale ) had different names: in 1323 it was called hospitale Sancti Spiritus ("Spital zum Heiligen Geist") in Latin , in 1335 it was called Spital ad Arietem (" Zum Steren"), and in 1338 it was called sancti Johannis baptiste situm in Hauge dictum Novum Hospitale and from the 16th century called “Citizens Hospital for the Holy Spirit”.

The pastor of Haug Abbey acted as clergyman of the Citizens Hospital . Von Steren decreed that the foundation in the prince-bishop's residence city of Würzburg should not be continued by the influential church, but by the mayor after his death - a decision that “put the family a bit on the sidelines”, i.e. it was removed from the administration as part of the communalization process repressed, and a sign of the civil society emerging at that time.

There were later further donations from Würzburg citizens, the largest one from the brothers Rüdiger and Wolf Teufel in 1340 with their possessions in the village of Laub (the condition for the donation was that at least 12 poor people were to live in the town hospital or to be cared for by it as house arms ). The Bürgerspital was also considered in wills (such as in 1458 by the Würzburg citizen and doctor Gerlacus Krügh or Krugh). The dove of the Holy Spirit as a coat of arms and the obligation to serve the Holy Spirit and the sick are said to go back to the order of Brothers of the Order of the Holy Spirit in Rome. A brotherhood ( confratres ) that cares for the poor and sick is mentioned in a document in 1361 as the “community of the sick and healthy”.

The doctors working at the Bürgerspital around 1805 included the city physicist, prison doctor and lecturer (among whose students the doctor and meteorologist Anton Heidenschreider belonged) at the university, Philipp Joseph Horsch (1772-1820), who was also active as an author .

Building history

The church

The building complex consists of a hospital building, farm yard and hospital church , which enclose a courtyard. The Bürgerspitalkirche was consecrated in 1371 and had three altars (patrons were the Holy Spirit, the Virgin Mary and the Evangelist John). In the hospital chapel there is a monument to Johannes von Steren, the founder of the citizen hospital, and his wife Mergardis, created around 1330. The arcaded extension of the Bürgerspital (with alternating red and yellow sandstone, also known as the "Red Building") around the inner courtyard was built between 1716 and 1718 and was designed by the Würzburg master builder Andreas Müller (1667-1720), a companion of Balthasar Neumann , who also designed the comparable building of the New Armory on the Marienberg Fortress . During the bombing raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945 , the hospital buildings burned to the ground. Works by Johann Wolfgang van der Auwera created for the Bürgerspitalkirche were also destroyed. Only the Gothic church remained as the only building from the founding days. The outer walls of the “Red Building” remained.

Retirement and nursing homes

For around 700 years, the foundation has been involved in caring for people in need of care. Today the foundation is active in geriatric rehabilitation and maintains three senior citizens' homes, three retirement homes, day care and an outpatient service for around 800 people, among others. a. in Theater- / Semmelstraße, Sanderau and in Frauenland . According to an old custom, each beneficiary receives a quarter of a liter of wine a day. Only those born in Würzburg are accepted, the only exception being Röntgen's adopted daughter .

Economic basics

Tavern sign of the wine tavern with the symbol of the Holy Spirit

The foundation finances itself from the operation of the property management and thus also supports the facilities of the citizen hospital. The properties include the Bürgerspital winery, commercial properties, around 650 heritable building rights and over 200 apartments.

Winery Bürgerspital Zum Hl. Geist

Inner courtyard with arcades

The winery is part of the Bürgerspital Foundation and has been cultivating slopes and steep slopes with gradients of up to 60% since 1319 and is a founding member of the VdP Franken. In 2006 it received three grapes from the Gault Millau wine guide . It has 110 hectares of vineyards in Stein, on the Würzburg district and other locations in the Main Triangle and in the Steigerwald . The Riesling grape variety is represented with over 30%. Other grape varieties are Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau, Weißer Burgunder, Grauer Burgunder and Pinot Noir. The wines are fermented in stainless steel containers and matured in oak barrels. The Bürgerspital is also a sworn wine supplier. The wines are delivered in Bocksbeutel bottles with the identification seal of an embossed shoulder coat of arms in the form of a flying dove.

The individual layers are located in Würzburg ( Stein , Stein-Harfe, Abtsleite, Innere Leiste, Pfaffenberg), Randersacker (Teufelskeller, Pfülben, Marsberg), Himmelstadt (wine press), Leinach (Himmelberg), Thüngersheim (Scharlachberg), Veitshöchheim (sunshine) and Frickenhausen (Kapellenberg).

The wines are offered in three quality levels. For the “estate wines” only the grape variety is given, not the location. The grape variety and the individual vineyard are recorded for the "single vineyard wines". The "Great Wines" come from the top vineyards Stein, Stein-Harfe, Abtsleite and from Frickenhäuser Kapellenberg and Randersackerer Pfülben.

Like the other two large Würzburg wineries, the Bürgerspital winery offers cellar tours and has direct sales for private customers. The cellar tour begins at the entrance to the baroque inner courtyard. First the Gothic chapel with the grave slab of the founder of the Steren Foundation is visited, then the baroque inner courtyard and the garden behind the building complex. Then it goes down to the wine cellar, which was built in the early 20th century and served as an air raid shelter during the war, but was not destroyed.

The grapes are delivered to the citizen's hospital in the middle of the city and processed into wine. The Bürgerspital has the largest wooden barrel cellar in Germany. Bottles from older vintages are kept in the "treasure chamber" for lovers of old wines until they are sold. A stone wine from 1540 and historical Bocksbeutel bottles can be viewed.

literature

  • Rüdiger Braun, Hans-Peter Trenschel: Bürgerspital zum Hl. Geist Würzburg. 2nd Edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2004 (= Schnell Kunstführer. Volume 2127), ISBN 3-7954-5866-8 .
  • Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2 (I: From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasant War. 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 ; II: From the Peasant War 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria 1814. 2004, ISBN 3 -8062-1477-8 ; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 ), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume 1, 2001, p 386-409 and 647-653, here: pp. 391-393.
  • Renate Schindler: The Citizens Hospital for the Holy Spirit. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes (Volume I-III / 2), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; Volume III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 780-785.

Web links

Commons : Citizens Hospital for the Holy Spirit  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Horst-Günter Wagner : The urban development of Würzburg 1814-2000. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 396-426 and 1298-1302, here: pp. 398 f.
  2. ^ Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. Volume 1: From the beginning to the outbreak of the Peasants' War. 2001, pp. 391-393.
  3. ^ Max Döllner : History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950. (New edition 1978 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Ph. CW Schmidt Neustadt an der Aisch 1828–1978. ) P. 75, Note 24.
  4. ^ Rüdiger Braun to Gundolf Keil . In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 35, 2016 (2018), p. 302 f. ( Correspondence dated January 9, 2017).
  5. ↑ Bastian Benrath: 700 years of viticulture for the care of the elderly . In: Frankenpost from June 25, 2016, p. 3.
  6. ^ Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2 (I: From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasant War. 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 ; II: From the Peasant War 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria 1814. 2004, ISBN 3 -8062-1477-8 ; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 ), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume 1, 2001, p 386-409 and 647-653, here: pp. 392 and 404.
  7. ^ Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. 2001, p. 392 f.
  8. ↑ Philipp Josef Horsch: An attempt at a topography of the city of Würzburg, in relation to the general state of health and the institutions aimed at it. Arnstadt / Rudolstadt 1805.
  9. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek : Horsch, Philipp Joseph. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 617 f.
  10. ^ Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. Volume 1: From the beginning to the outbreak of the Peasants' War. 2001, p. 392 f.
  11. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 634 f.
  12. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 664.
  13. ↑ Bürgerspital Würzburg: Wine List 2008, p. 27
  14. ↑ Evaluation of the wine list of the Bürgerspital Würzburg

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 ′ 45.7 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 8 ″  E