arcade
An arcade (from Latin arcus 'arch') is, in the narrower sense, an arch supported by pillars or columns . The arch allows much larger spans than an architrave .
In a broader sense, arcade also refers to a row of arches, a sequence of several arcades. However, the plural arcades or the term arcature , which can also refer to the entirety of all arcades in a building, are more suitable for this.
The corridor, the side of which is bordered by a row of arches, is often referred to simply as an arcade ; the term arcade or arcade is more precise .
Colloquially often colonnades ( arcades with straight beams) as arcades called.
development
Arcades are already known from the early days of architecture in Mesopotamia and Egypt. In ancient occidental architecture, colonnades were initially used in Greek architecture , i.e. a series of columns with straight beams (see architrave ).
The Roman architecture then also used arcades increased, both in prestigious buildings such as city gates as well as in civil engineering works such as aqueducts .
In early Christian church construction and in the Romanesque period , the arcades were also increasingly used in the interior, in central buildings between the main room and the gallery, in basilicas between the nave and aisle . The interiors were subdivided in this way and at the same time remained acoustically and visually connected.
Arcades ( Arabic riwaq ) represent an essential design feature of Islamic architecture , where they line the inner courtyard ( Arabic cream ) of mosque buildings ; In the inner courtyards there are mostly well houses ( Turkish Şadırvan ), which are used for ritual cleansing before prayer.
In many cities that have grown historically, arcades in the city center continue along the street from building to building and enable passers-by to get around safely . In the south, for example, the famous arcades of Bologna offer protection from the hot sun. In the north and in the Alpine region, they protect against rain and other adverse weather conditions. In the 20th century were in shopping streets and pedestrian areas rather colonnades newly created as arcades. In some American cities, car traffic is separated from pedestrian traffic by providing motor vehicles with a deeper, arcaded traffic route, while pedestrians move on the level above.
Combinations of terms
- Arcades arch: colloquial, misnomer for Arcade ( term doubling )
- Arcade window: window opening structured by means of arcades
- Arcade cornice : cornice over a row of arcades
- Arcade courtyard: inner courtyard, often surrounded by arcatures with several floors
- Arcade wall: Wall with blind arcades
- Blind arcade : ornamental arcade without wall opening
- Sound arcade : also sound hatch, arcade opening in the bell tower, often with sound slats
Image examples
Renaissance arcade courtyard of Güstrow Castle
Glass-covered arcade courtyard in the Palace of Justice in Vienna
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Shopping centers
In the English language and in line with this, sometimes in German speaking countries, the term Arcade ( English arcade ) as a name for malls needed. Early forerunners of today's shopping centers , such as the Burlington Arcade in London (1819) or the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan (1867), actually still had an architecture that was actually characterized by arcades. As the term arcade was transferred to the entire building complex pars pro toto , there was a shift in meaning in English. The names penny arcade (USA) or amusement arcade (Great Britain) for large gambling halls are derived from this.
Examples of the designation of a shopping center as arcades are the " Münster-Arkaden " in Münster, the " Potsdamer Platz Arkaden " in Berlin, the "Schloß Arkaden" in Braunschweig, the Riem Arcaden in Munich or the "Arcade Meidling" in Vienna. Few of these commercial buildings have arcades in the architectural sense; the name is usually chosen for marketing reasons.
See also
- Linear components: stoa (architecture) , gallery , cloister , portico , colonnade
- Selective components: portico , loggia , portico
- Arcade game
