colonnade
A colonnade is a portico ( Latin columna , column ) which, in contrast to the arcade and the archway, has a straight entablature , an architrave . It thus corresponds to the portico in the original meaning of the term.
history
Colonnades were already known in archaic times and were built not only in sanctuaries but also to surround public spaces such as the Agora of Athens . They were called the stoa . Ancient plants such as B. the pillared terraces of the Hercules sanctuary in Palestrina (Praeneste) are notable examples. Colonnades were also an important architectural element in Roman urban planning. Streets lined with colonnades are particularly characteristic of Roman city foundations in the Middle East.
Colonnades are used in urban development during the Baroque and Classicism periods both as independent structures and as parts of structures. A world-famous example of baroque architecture are the four columns deep colonnades by Gian Lorenzo Bernini , which enclose the elliptical part of St. Peter's Square in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome on two sides.
Examples
In Central Europe , colonnades were used in the re-emerging classicism of the 19th century, especially in spa architecture (see the drinking halls of Baden-Baden , Lauterbach , near Putbus , Karlsbad , Marienbad , Kyselka , Heiligendamm ). Karl Friedrich Schinkel rediscovered the colonnade as an architectural element of the humanistic educational ideal of Romanticism .
In Berlin , the colonnaded courtyard on Museum Island, completed in 1860 based on a design by Friedrich August Stüler , is a well-known sight. Another famous example are the King Colonnades built by Carl von Gontard in 1780 on the Königsbrücke at Alexanderplatz , which have been in the park at Kleistpark since the beginning of the 20th century . In Mohrenstrasse there are colonnades that are still in their original location (since 1787), the Mohrenkolonnaden by Carl Gotthard Langhans .
