Entablature

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In architecture, entablature generally refers to the beams belonging to a ceiling or roof structure . This means, for example, the components of a wooden beam layer or a roof structure . In the narrower sense, a structure can also be addressed, the support of beams on a wall, insofar as the transition from floor to floor or from one floor to the roof.

Stone entablature at the Temple of Hephaestus from top to bottom:
Geison
frieze with triglyph
architrave

In connection with the Greek and Roman architecture of antiquity , entablature is understood to mean the upper part of a column arrangement , consisting of architrave (epistyle), frieze and the geison , the uppermost cornice that closes the building. It is the totality of the horizontal structural members that rest on a capital and support the roof structure above. In recent building research, the term epistylion is also used as a synonym for this entablature , but in the ancient sources only the architrave was referred to. This ancient construction was originally a wooden construction, but it was sheathed with terracottas early on or replaced by stone beams. The term entablature generally refers to the design and formal formation of the stone beams visible on the outside, for example in connection with different column arrangements. In later architectural eras, from the Renaissance to the historicism of the 19th century, the ancient entablature was taken up again, also as an antique cornice , in particular as a cornice (also main cornice or cornice). In the baroque architecture in particular, the entablature was subject to various design modifications that were again dispensed with in classicism.

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ a b sentence after entablature . In: Nikolaus Pevsner, Hugh Honor, John Fleming: Lexicon of World Architecture . 3. Edition. Prestel, Munich 1992
  2. ↑ a b sentence after entablature . In: Günther Wasmuth (Hrsg.): Wasmuths Lexikon der Baukunst . Berlin 1929–1932 (4 volumes)
  3. ↑ a b sentence after entablature . In: Christoph Höcker: Metzler Lexicon of ancient architecture . Metzler / Poeschel, Stuttgart 2004
  4. ↑ Set after entablature . In: Hans Koepf , Günther Binding : Picture Dictionary of Architecture (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 194). 4th, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-520-19404-X .
  5. ↑ Georg Schelbert: “… de la quale inventione il prudente Architetto si potra molto valere in diversi accidenti” - observations on the entablature of the column arrangements in Renaissance and Baroque architecture . In: Hermann Schlimme, Lothar Sickel (Hrsg.): Order and change in the Roman architecture of the early modern period, Festschrift for Christof Thoenes on the 80th birthday . Munich 2011, pp. 87–103, pdf ub.uni-heidelberg.de (PDF)