Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park
| Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park Kleistpark |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Schöneberg |
| Created | 1718 |
| Newly designed | 1801, around 1890, 1945, after 1990 |
| Surrounding streets |
Pallasstrasse (north) , Potsdamer Strasse (east) , Grunewaldstrasse (south) , Elßholzstrasse (west) |
| Buildings | Buildings on the park |
| use | |
| User groups | Foot traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Parking area | 57,000 |
The Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park , usually just called Kleistpark for short , is a green area in the north of the Berlin district of Schöneberg ( Tempelhof-Schöneberg district ) between Potsdamer and Elßholzstrasse .
history
From the hop garden to the botanical garden
A bastion of the new fortress was built in 1679 on the palace and pharmacy garden near Berlin's Lustgarten . As a replacement, the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm had Johann Sigismund Elsholtz redesign the hop garden near the village of Schöneberg into a larger courtyard and kitchen garden as well as an agricultural model garden. The later green area was first named "Botanical Garden" in 1718. From 1801 a 7.5 hectare large regular botanical garden in today's sense was built here.
Before today's botanical garden in the district of Lichterfelde was built, this botanical garden and the associated Royal Botanical Museum were located at the site of today's Kleistpark for more than two hundred years. The naturalist and poet Adelbert von Chamisso was a plant overseer here from 1819 to 1839. The main attraction of the Botanical Garden was a 17-meter-high palm house built in 1858 using a glass and steel construction . A Victoria regia house was also built.
A part of the area becomes a cycling track
After this part of Schöneberg was incorporated into Berlin, the Botanical Garden was moved from 1899 to 1910 to a six times larger area of the former Dahlem domain due to space problems . The Botanical Garden cycling track was built on part of the old site . On the opening day (July 18, 1909), the Berlin racetrack disaster occurred on this track , in which a pacemaker motorcycle hurled into the audience, exploded, killing nine people and seriously injuring over 40. No other accident in German cycling claimed so many victims. The cycling track was then torn down.
It was then planned to build on the entire Schöneberg area.
Redesign to a park and naming
Due to an initiative launched by Berlin newspapers, around half of the area could be retained as a park and the idea of naming the park was born: On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Heinrich von Kleist's death , the botanical garden was given the name Heinrich von Kleist on November 21, 1911. Kleist Park .
The park was then further redesigned, once planned and managed by garden architect Albert Brodersen , and after the end of the Second World War based on designs by Georg Pniower . The latter was commissioned by the American occupation forces to reorganize the building in 1945 after his ten-year professional ban under the National Socialists was lifted. One of his first tasks was the recovery of 42 corpses that had been buried on the grounds of Kleistpark and the transfer of the remains to regular cemeteries. Already at the end of 1945, after six months, the green area could be completed. Pniower achieved the very short construction phase with 500–550 permanent construction workers. After completion, the green area was closed to the residents because the Allied Control Council took its seat in the neighboring building of the Chamber Court .
In 1954 the Four Power Conference met in the Control Council building , and in 1971 the Four Power Agreement on Berlin was signed in the plenary hall .
Part of the existing tree population comes from the botanical garden. The now reduced to 5.7 hectare site stands as a garden monument under monument protection .
When the park was reopened to the public cannot be clearly determined, but in the early 80s it was open to everyone and was e.g. B. used by the surrounding daycare centers and parent-child initiative children's shops.
Since 2002 there has been an annual concert series (Berlin Music Festival) under the motto Jazz at the colonnades in Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park; Even before that, there were regular summer jazz mornings.
On the other side of Grunewaldstrasse, the Kurt-Hiller-Park has been attached since the end of 2000 . The small green area bears the name of the German writer and pacifist publicist Kurt Hiller , who, according to the inscription on the street sign with the park, is being honored as a “co-founder of the homosexual civil rights movement”.
Buildings at Kleistpark
Royal Botanical Museum, Haus am Kleistpark
The former Royal Botanical Museum at Grunewaldstraße 6/7 on the south side of the park was built between 1878 and 1880 according to plans by the architects Fritz Zastrau (1837-1899), Eduard Haesecke and Hellweg. Accommodated there botanical collections were after 1906 Lichterfelde relocated, while the museum as the seat of the State Agency for Natural monuments in Prussia (in the era of National Socialism in the Reich Office for Conservation renamed) served. The building can therefore be described as the “nucleus of German nature conservation ”. In addition, there was a department of the Reichsstelle for the school system and from 1923 the study group for scientific local studies . In January 1944 , a bomb destroyed about a third of the building. Despite multiple efforts to rebuild it was only poorly repaired after the Second World War , the north-east wing is still missing.
After the war, the building served as the main office for education and schooling , and from 1967 to 1975 the adult education center in what was then the Schöneberg district. The listed building, which has been called Haus am Kleistpark since 1967, has housed the Tempelhof-Schöneberg Art Office since 1967, which uses the three herbarium halls of the former Botanical Museum on the upper floor as a communal gallery, as well as the Music school named after Leo Kestenberg . The Tempelhof-Schöneberg Art Office has been organizing so-called gallery tours and open studios in the district on a regular basis since 2007.
Art school, media house of the University of the Arts
The building in Grunewaldstrasse 2-5, next to the Haus am Kleistpark , was built in 1920 in the historicist style as a state art school for grammar school teacher training . It served as the faculty of the University of the Arts (HdK) until 2000, since then it has been the media house of the University of the Arts ( UdK).
Royal Colonnades, Prussian Chamber Court, People's Court
In 1910, the royal colonnades planned by Carl von Gontard in 1780 and built from sandstone by the Berlin stonemason company Zeidler & Wimmel were moved from the Königsbrücke on Alexanderplatz to the park entrance on Potsdamer Strasse. The relocated colonnades were intended for the Prussian Chamber Court on the western border of the park, which was built between 1909 and 1913 in the historicizing neo-baroque style on the site of the former glass houses of the botanical garden . In the late 1990s, the colonnades had to be renovated.
From August 1944 to January 1945 the People's Court met in the Chamber Court . During this time, among other things, the show trials led by Roland Freisler against those involved in the military resistance from the assassination attempt of July 20, 1944 took place. From 1945 the house was the seat of the Allied Control Council , in which the Four Power Agreement was signed in 1971 . As the last Allied facility remained until 1990, the Air Safety Center of the Allies in the building. After reunification , it was returned to German administration. Today the Berlin Court of Appeal is located there, and groups can visit the courtroom after registering. Since 1992 it has also been the seat of the Berlin Constitutional Court and the Berlin Public Prosecutor's Office .
Pallasseum and the Kathreiner high-rise
The Pallasseum , popularly known as the “Social Palace ”, is a large residential complex built in 1976 in place of the sports palace on Pallasstrasse, which was demolished in 1973 .
Art in and around the park
The Genius of the Spirit figure in Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park is one of a total of three surviving base figures (next to the Klio and Allegory of Science ) of a monument to Friedrich Wilhelm III that was damaged in the Second World War and subsequently destroyed . by Albert Wolff , which originally stood in the middle of the Berlin pleasure garden and from 1934 on its west side.
See also
literature
- Ignaz Urban : The Royal Botanical Garden and the Botanical Museum in Berlin in the years 1878-1891. To celebrate the unveiling of the Eichler bust on October 25, 1891. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1891 (= special print from Engler's Botanical Yearbooks , Volume 14, Issue 4, Supplement No. 32).
- Folkwin Wendland: Berlin's gardens and parks from the founding of the city to the end of the nineteenth century. Classic Berlin . Propylaeen, Berlin 1979, ISBN 3-549-06645-7 , pp. 186-196.
Web links
- Marina Naujoks: Prussian Buildings - An archectectonic discovery tour (views of the buildings at Kleistpark). In: District newspaper , April 2005
- View of Heinrich von Kleist Park
- Potsdamer Strasse am Kleistpark with the King Colonnades, picture postcard from 1955
- At the Kleistpark . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- Kleistpark garden monument
- Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park on "100 years of landscape architecture"
- Heinrich von Kleist Park on "Landscape Architecture Today"
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park . Portal “100 Years of Landscape Architecture”, year 1945. Retrieved on March 22, 2014.
- ^ Haus am Kleistpark / history
- ↑ Schöneberger art 2019 gallery tour & open studios
- ↑ Königskolonnaden ( Memento from February 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) At: Denkmal-Netzwerk
- ↑ Birgitt Eltzel: Monument under tarpaulin . In: Berliner Zeitung , January 28, 2005.
- ↑ Stucco restoration of the royal colonnades
- ^ Berlin Court of Appeal - history of the building
- ↑ Pallasseum
Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 32 ″ N , 13 ° 21 ′ 31 ″ E