Domain Dahlem

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Domain Dahlem, 2009

The Dahlem domain is the historic manor of the former village of Dahlem and today an open-air museum for agricultural and food culture with an ecological focus in southwest Berlin . Agriculture has been practiced here for more than 800 years.

From the field to the suburb

Domain Dahlem opposite the
Dahlem-Dorf underground station
Dahlem estate courtyard

The manor house from 1560, the horse stable from 1830, the wheelwright from the early 19th century as well as the court fountain and the ice cellar on the village green from 1709 date from the phase of the manor Dahlem. The manor house is still the oldest residential building in Berlin completely intact premises. It was built in 1560 as a two-story half - timbered building. In the following centuries members of the noble families von Pfuel , von Wilmersdorff , von Podewils and von Beyme lived there. After the death of the last landowner Carl Friedrich von Beyme in 1838, his daughter Charlotte Gerlach sold the village Dahlem in 1841 to the Prussian domains treasury . Dahlem had now become a state domain .

Conversion and division

The first plans for a more profitable exploitation of the land already existed from the middle of the 19th century; however, they were repulsed by Otto von Camphausen , among others .

At the end of the century, in view of the rapidly growing city, the ideas became relevant again. The first settlement was the botanical garden , relocated from today's Kleistpark . On June 26, 1897, the Prussian state parliament approved the project.

Around 1901, the huge arable, pasture and forest areas near the capital were systematically converted into building land. A part should be used for public tasks - especially science and research - while another part should be sold to private individuals as villa plots. The converted area began in the northeast at today's Breitenbachplatz , along the street Unter den Eichen it went to the area of ​​the village of Zehlendorf ; in the west and northwest, parts of the Royal Forest of Grunewald were included in the building land, which seamlessly merged into the existing and successful villa colony of Grunewald . In order to increase the property's value through good connections to Berlin, a special railway line was built (today: line U3 ). The new roads were named after Prussian ministers ( agriculture , finance , interior ) and forest officials. The apportionment committee under its chairmen Thiel , Brümmer and Adolf von Harnack immortalized itself on the street signs; The latter, however, was honored as President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (KWG), which was founded on his proposal .

It was planned that the natural science facilities of the philosophical faculty of the university , which suffered from tight quarters in Berlin-Mitte , should get a new location here. The beginning of the First World War ruined this. It was only through completely different developments almost 40 years later after the Second World War that the planned science center came about here with the Free University . The institutions that still emerged as planned include institutes of the KWG (Van't-Hoff-Straße) or the State Archives , several research institutions for gardening and agriculture as well as the Asian Museum.

In the meantime, the Dahlem Museum Center (in a broader sense) was gradually built, especially because the old Museum Center on Museum Island was no longer accessible to West Berlin as a result of the Second World War . Some of the facilities have now been relocated to the Kulturforum ( picture gallery ); it is planned to largely relocate it back to the city ​​center to the Humboldt Forum.

Agricultural operation

The agricultural operation of the domain was maintained even after the start of parceling, despite the shrinking area. The remaining business - today's museum - is located at Königin-Luise-Straße 49. The street was named after the nearby Luisenstift .

Today's use and museum

Tractor tour over the domain field
Bratwurst championship on the domain: Choir of the butchers' guild, 2008

After the Second World War, the area was partially used by the Free University of Berlin . With the closure of the West Berlin city estates , the remaining area of ​​the Dahlem domain was threatened with development. As a result, the citizens' initiative “Friends of the Dahlem Domain e. V. “, which successfully implemented the idea of ​​a folkloric open-air museum. The first chairman was Martin Quilisch.

The museum initially established itself through market festivals such as the “Harvest Festival” or the “Advent Markets” that spread across Berlin. In 1995 the sponsorship changed to the Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin. Today, the Dahlem Domain Foundation runs the open-air museum as an independent foundation under civil law. The museum has stimulating exhibitions on agricultural and nutritional issues. In the manor house you can see, among other things, a grocery store and a butcher's shop from the 1920s as well as a laboratory of the Imperial Health Department on the subject of “When consumer protection learned to walk”.

In 2015, the museum was expanded significantly in a further historical building: in the culinarium, numerous aspects of eating habits and their development from 1850 to the present are presented under the motto “From the field to the plate”. On three floors the visitor will find hundreds of exhibits, various media and numerous hands-on stations. The top floor of the culinarium is specially designed for children. The exhibition has received several awards.

The estate is a recognized organic farm and Germany's only farm with a subway connection. This is the Dahlem-Dorf station on the U3 line .

Awards

See also

Web links

Commons : Domain Dahlem  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical Buildings . Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  2. ↑ Thorsten Scheer, Josef Paul Kleihues , Paul Kahlfeldt (eds.): City of Architecture of the City - Building in Berlin 1900-2000 . Attachment tape (large format). Nicolai, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-87584-017-8 , pp. 57 (boundaries of the domain and development plan; 1909).
  3. ↑ UN Decade Project ( Memento from August 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on August 8, 2014.

Coordinates: 52 ° 27 ′ 34 ″  N , 13 ° 17 ′ 21 ″  E