Potsdamer Strasse
Potsdamer Strasse | |
---|---|
Street in Berlin | |
Beginning of the street with the new buildings on Potsdamer Platz | |
Basic data | |
place | Berlin |
District |
Tiergarten , Schöneberg |
Created | 1831 |
Connecting roads |
Leipziger Strasse (east) , Hauptstrasse (south) |
Cross streets |
(Selection) Reichpietschufer , Schöneberger Ufer , Lützowstrasse , Kurfürstenstrasse , Bülowstrasse , Pallasstrasse , Goebenstrasse |
Places | Potsdamer Platz |
use | |
User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport |
Technical specifications | |
Street length | 1500 m in Tiergarten 950 m in Schöneberg |
The Potsdamer Straße (of squatters also Potse called) in Berlin is part of the federal highway 1 and connects the Potsdamer Platz in the district of Tiergarten to the northern end of the main street in Schoeneberg on Heinrich von Kleist Park . It is not to be confused with the street of the same name in the Zehlendorf district .
Originally built in front of Potsdamer Tor as a route to the royal residences in Potsdam ( Sanssouci Palace and Neues Palais ), it was expanded into an “ Art Street ” at the end of the 18th century on behalf of King Friedrich Wilhelm II . From 1795 his new summer residence, the Marble Palace in Potsdam's New Garden , was easily accessible from the Berlin Palace via Berlin-Potsdamer Chaussee .
After the beginning of the 20th century, it became the busiest street in the German Empire . With the division of Berlin after the Second World War in importance reset - further enhanced by the construction of the Wall on 13 August 1961 - was the late 1960s, the route north of the Landwehr canal behind the Potsdamer Brücke by by Hans Scharoun planned Kulturforum with the New National Gallery , St Matthäuskirche , Philharmonie and State Library in the direction of Potsdamer Platz newly laid out. Today the rest of the street leads to Marlene-Dietrich-Platz as Alte Potsdamer Straße .
history
Potsdamer Strasse is part of the former Reichsstrasse 1 from Aachen to Königsberg . It was paved between 1790 and 1792 as one of the first art roads in Prussia . Contrary to the war wisdom of Friedrich II. "The worse the road, the more difficult it is for the enemy to advance", his successor Friedrich Wilhelm II commissioned the architect Carl Gotthard Langhans , who also designed today's Brandenburg Gate , the road between Berlin and to fortify Potsdam, to gravel and to line an avenue .
Since 1830, the bank assistant Samuel Ewald Leddihn had bought fields between the Botanical Garden (today's Kleistpark ) and Lützower Weg (today's Lützowstrasse ) and successfully converted it into building land.
The municipality of Alt-Schöneberg agreed to the sale of its pre-feudal "cattle mix right" - the so-called hat exemption: from now on it could no longer allow cattle to graze on the new building plots. The Prussian military treasury, which opened the first Prussian railway line (the so-called main line ) between Potsdam and Berlin with its Potsdam train station parallel to Potsdamer Strasse in 1837 was also entitled to vote .
On May 3, 1841, part of Potsdamer Chaussee between the Landwehrgraben and the Botanical Garden was renamed Potsdamer Strasse .
With the traffic tower at Potsdamer Platz on December 15, 1924, the first traffic light in the German Reich went into operation. It was controversial at the time because initially nobody saw the need to receive instructions from a light signal. A reconstruction of the traffic tower has been at the historical location since 1997.
The house numbers were changed from horseshoe to today's orientation numbering in 1937 . Until then, the houses were counted continuously, starting with number 1 on the northwest side. Since the changeover, the odd numbers are on the southeast side of the street and end with 203 (previously: 205) at the confluence with Großgörschenstrasse.
When the city was divided by the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the northern end of Potsdamer Strasse ended directly at the Berlin Wall . The West Berlin Senate consistently placed the new building of the State Library designed by Hans Scharoun across the historical course of the street and swiveled Potsdamer Strasse to the northwest onto Viktoriastrasse . After the reunification of Berlin , the section that was cut off to Potsdamer Platz was reactivated as Alte Potsdamer Straße and is now a side street to Marlene-Dietrich-Platz, which is busy with many pedestrians .
In the years before and after the Second World War , Potsdamer Strasse between the Lützow and Pallas corners of Goebenstrasse developed into a red light district in which prostitution flourished in the corresponding nightclubs . It was only at the end of the 1980s that this image began to deteriorate for this section of the street.
On September 22, 1981, the protester Klaus-Jürgen Rattay was hit by a bus on Potsdamer Strasse below the elevated railway line and died. A memorial plaque in the pavement on the corner of Potsdamer and Bülowstrasse (in front of Commerzbank ) reminds of this.
people
- Master butcher Johann Cassel smoked cured pork in his shop at Potsdamer Strasse 15 around 1880 , which he called “smoked pork loin à la Berlinoise” and which later became known as Kasseler .
- Marlene Dietrich lived as a child in house no. 45 (since 1937 no. 116), which was built by the architect Rudolf Zahn from 1905–1906 and was under monument protection (memorial plaque by Rolf Hemmerich, 2005).
- Katia Mann's grandparents , Ernst Dohm , editor-in-chief of the satirical newspaper Kladderadatsch , and his wife Hedwig Dohm , a prominent women's rights activist , lived in house no.27a around 1870 (since 1937 no.72) and ran a literature salon.
- On October 3, 1872, Theodor Fontane moved into his last apartment with his wife Emilie and daughter Martha in the so-called "Johanniter-Haus", Potsdamer Straße 134c. The gray house with a front garden was on the east side of the street, between Eichhornstrasse and Potsdamer Platz, on the site of today's State Library and had had a memorial plaque since 1899. In 1906 it had to make way for a commercial building that was given number 15 in 1937 and was bombed in World War II. His “more than simple living spaces” were on the top third floor on the right. Fontane lived there until his death on September 20, 1898.
- Joseph Goebbels took over the management of the NSDAP -Gau Berlin-Brandenburg in 1926 in house No. 35 (since 1937 No. 97).
- From 1897 to 1903 the publisher Axel Juncker ran his bookshop specializing in Scandinavian literature in house no. 11 (old census).
- Philipp Manes , a Jewish fur trader and diary author murdered in Auschwitz , had to vacate his apartment in house No. 27 on July 21, 1942 and was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto.
- Lotte Hahm , a lesbian activist since the Weimar Republic, lived at Potsdamer Strasse 181 in the 1950s.
- Erik Spiekermann runs a small print shop in Potsdamer Strasse 98, where he keeps a collection of proofing presses and typesetting . The offices of his agency edenspiekermann_ are in house number 83.
Buildings and monuments
overview
- No. 188–192 : The buildings, which the BVG used as the main administration until August 2008 , were built in 1938 and 1939 based on designs by the architect Artur Vogdt . According to the plans of the National Socialists , these buildings would have stood at the end of a line of sight from the north-south axis through Großgörschenstrasse, which was to be widened. The drafts therefore had to be submitted to the General Building Inspector for the Reich capital Albert Speer and approved by him. The building block Potsdamer Straße 188/190 initially served as an administration building for the supreme construction management of the Reichsautobahnen , the house Potsdamer Straße 192 as an administrative building for the German dairy industry. During the Second World War, the old BVG headquarters on Köthener Straße was completely destroyed in an air raid in November 1943 , and BVG moved into the Potsdamer Straße 188/190 building in June 1945. The neighboring building No. 192 was taken over later.
- The baroque royal colonnades at the entrance to Heinrich von Kleist Park , which originally stood on Alexanderplatz and despite numerous restorations still have bullet holes from the revolutionary year 1848. At the beginning of the 18th century there was a botanical garden in the park , whose custodian was Adelbert von Chamisso .
- The Chamber Court , in whose rooms the People's Court met and among other things sentenced the assassins around Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg to death in 1944. The Allied Control Council, which partially exercised governmental functions, sat in the same building until 1949 . The Four Power Agreement was signed there in 1972 and some offices were used for air traffic control by the Allies until the 1980s . After its restoration in the 1990s, the building is used again as a court of justice.
- No. 186: Kathreiner House by the architect Bruno Paul , which is now used by the Berlin Senate as an administration building and a. is used by the Senate Department for the Interior, Department for the Protection of the Constitution .
- No. 184: Franck House
- No. 182: Former administrative building of the German Labor Front , which has housed the oldest self-managed youth center in Berlin's drugstore since the 1970s .
- The Pallasseum , built in the 1970s, on the site of the former Sports Palace , in which Joseph Goebbels proclaimed the " total war " in his Sports Palace speech on February 18, 1943 and APO brought Frank Zappa off the stage because he advocated evolution instead of revolution . The Sports Palace was built in just one year in 1910 and demolished in 1973. In the sports arena and assembly hall for more than 10,000 people, the audience raged at boxing and cycling events such as the six-day race . Politicians such as the later Chancellor Heinrich Brüning from the Center Party, the workers' leader Ernst Thälmann from the KPD or the later Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels from the NSDAP spoke here. The Berlin original Reinhold Habisch , known as the “Krücke ”, whistled the sports palace waltz in the uppermost spectator gallery, the “hayloft”, while Hans Kalupa or the so-called “Flying Dutchman” Piet van Kempen rode for villas and other prizes on the train . The celebrities from the ground floor boxes donated this prize money. There was only standing room in the interior of the cycle track. With an emergency roof built in 1948, ice revues continued to take place there after the war. Stars like Bill Haley , Ella Fitzgerald , Lionel Hampton , Jimi Hendrix and many others brought audiences into the house in addition to Bock beer festivals and ice ballet events. The Sports Palace received no state subsidies.
- No. 96: first a cinema, between 1972 and 1989 the Quartier Latin concert room . Since 1992 the Varieté Wintergarten .
- Not far from the Potsdamer Bridge over the Landwehr Canal, on the median of Potsdamer Strasse, there has been a memorial by Gerhard Rommel for the cab driver Gustav Hartmann , who went down in Berlin history as "Iron Gustav", since 2000 .
- The buildings erected as part of the Kulturforum , a concept from the “Capital Berlin” competition from 1958:
- New National Gallery on the Landwehr Canal , built 1965–1968 by Mies van der Rohe ,
- Berlin State Library (Potsdamer Strasse house) , built by Hans Scharoun in 1967–1978 ,
- Philharmonie , built 1960–1963 by Hans Scharoun,
- Chamber music hall, built 1984–1987 by Edgar Wisniewski to designs by Hans Scharoun,
- Musical Instrument Museum , built 1979–1984 by Edgar Wisniewski based on designs by Hans Scharoun,
- Picture gallery , built 1992–1998 by Hilmer & Sattler and Albrecht .
- The Sony Center with its large futuristic roof.
- The Vox-Haus (formerly: Potsdamer Straße No. 10), from which the first German radio broadcast was produced in 1923. The building was finally demolished in 1971 after being badly damaged in World War II.
- Alte Potsdamer Straße No. 5: The Weinhaus Huth , which was the last building between Potsdamer Platz and the Landwehr Canal to survive the war and the subsequent demolition of the buildings located there and is now in the midst of new developments. In the 1980s, the Association of German Shepherds SV trained on the wasteland in front of the Berlin Wall .
Former institutions
- Ernst Rowohlt had his publishing house directly on the Landwehr Canal.
- The publisher Samuel Fischer received his authors on the corner of Bülowstrasse.
- Herwarth Walden produced his magazine Der Sturm a few houses next to Rowohlt.
- Potsdamer Straße 122a / b (old numbering): Rudolph Lepke's Kunst-Auctions-Haus , built in 1912 according to plans by Adolf Wollenberg (destroyed).
- The traditional grocery and delicatessen shop Scheurich and Patzke on the corner of Alvenslebenstrasse, which closed in the 1980s.
- The traditional legal bookshop Struppe und Winckler , which has existed since the beginning of the 20th century , whose owner Bernhard Hildebrand organized readings with Thomas Mann and Hanns Heinz Ewers in the 1920s . After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the bookstore moved to Gendarmenmarkt .
- From 1970 to 1989 the Latin Quarter in house no. 96 was an internationally known venue for jazz (Total Music Meeting) , blues and rock music; later a variety show in the winter garden .
- Potsdamer Strasse 138: Wolfgang Staschen's second-hand bookshop.
- Potsdamer Straße 157: The former KOB , a previously occupied house, was a popular meeting place and party location for the Schöneberg squatter scene in the 1980s and the former residence of the writer Klaus Schlesinger and the journalist Frank Nordhausen .
- The Turkish Bazaar , a flea market that was set up on the Bülowstrasse high station , which was closed at the time of the Berlin Wall , but had to give way to the U2 subway line, which was now running again after the fall of the Wall .
- By October 2, 2009 the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel , the fortnightly city magazine zitty as well as the advertisement newspaper Second Hand , which appears three times a week , were published in Potsdamer Strasse . The publishing house has moved to Askanischer Platz 3 in Kreuzberg . The site of the former Tagesspiegel print shop was then converted by the architect duo Pierre Jorge Gonzalez and Judith Haase and is now used by the Blain Southern gallery in London and by Andreas Murkudis, Kostas Murkudis ' brother , as a concept store .
Today's institutions
- The Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation with the State Library (Potsdamer Strasse 33–37), the Ibero-American Institute (Potsdamer Strasse 37) and the ISBN agency.
- Since 2003, the magistrale culture night has been taking place on Potsdamer Straße every year at the beginning of September as a presentation of artistic activities in the entire area of Potsdamer Straße.
- Potsdamer Straße 131: Power Radio's broadcasting center . Radio 100 , Energy Berlin , Radyo Metropol FM and Hundert, 6 have already broadcast from here . In front of the broadcasting center, near Potsdamer Strasse at the corner of Bülowstrasse, there is a (speaking) memorial, erected at the instigation of the Governing Mayor of Berlin , to commemorate the start of the first private broadcaster Radio 100 in Berlin in 1987.
- In the formerly occupied building at Potsdamer Strasse 157, the Ex'n'Pop was located on the site of the former KOB .
See also
literature
- Benedikt Härlin , Michael Sontheimer : Potsdamer Strasse. Morals and stories . Rotbuch Verlag , Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-88022-274-6 .
- Sibylle Nägele, Joy Markert: Potsdamer Strasse. Stories, myths and metamorphoses . Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-936411-78-6 .
- Eva Reblin: The road, the things and the signs. On the semiotics of material urban space . transcript-Verlag, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-8376-1979-9 .
- Karl Voss: Travel Guide for Literature Lovers Berlin. From Alex to Kurfürstendamm . Ullstein, Frankfurt a. M., Berlin / Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-548-04069-1 .
- Birgit Wetzig-Zalkin: Marlene Dietrich in Berlin. Ways and places . Edition Gauglitz, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-933502-22-5 .
- Birgitt Eltzel: Myth Potsdamer Strasse . In: Berliner Zeitung , September 26, 2006.
Web links
- Potsdamer Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- magistrale - culture night on Potsdamer Strasse
- potse-kunstspotting - Art guide for Tiergarten-Süd
- potseblog - Out and about on Potsdamer Strasse
- potsdamer strasse compact - tourism guide
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ingrid founder: Sittenbilder - Die Potse . In: Die Zeit 48/1983
- ↑ Gunda Bartels: Potsdamer Strasse in Transition - Degenerate to Stay . In: Der Tagesspiegel , August 26, 2017
- ^ Official announcement of May 3, 1841, Berliner Nachrichten No. 110, May 13, 1841
- ↑ Documentation by the RBB , with a television interview with the Potsdamer Strasse chronicler Benny Härlin
- ↑ History / Hunger and Thirst . berlin-mitte.com
- ^ Kassler - a Berlin classic In: Berliner Morgenpost , June 5, 2008
- ↑ Commercial building Potsdamer Strasse 116 in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Lutz Seiler prints Lutz Seiler / Guest of Erik Spiekermann in the gallery P98A . Retrieved April 9, 2016
- ↑ Gallery P98a Potsdamer Straße , accessed on April 9, 2016
- ↑ Nina Kirst: View into the studio: Edenspiekermann in Berlin , accessed on April 9, 2016
- ↑ bmwi-sicherheitsforum.de
- ↑ netzpolitik.org
- ↑ ssb.tommyhaus.org
- ↑ drugstore-berlin.de
- ↑ Wolfgang Staschen (obituary). In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 2, 2013, accessed on August 25, 2019
- ↑ Picky trick thief only steals old copperplate engravings . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 30, 1997, accessed on August 25, 2019
- ↑ Marcus Woeller: “It's good to be there again” . In: Die Welt , May 1, 2011, accessed on August 25, 2019
- ↑ Sonja Pohlmann: Welcome to the fashion no man's land . In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 12, 2011, accessed on August 25, 2019
- ↑ Miriam Stein : "Actually, I hate gifts" . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , December 28, 2011, accessed on August 25, 2019
- ↑ jugendopposition.de
- ↑ exnpop.de
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 2.7 ″ N , 13 ° 21 ′ 49.1 ″ E