Potsdamer Strasse

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B1 Potsdamer Strasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Potsdamer Strasse
Beginning of the street with the new buildings on Potsdamer Platz
Basic data
place Berlin
District Tiergarten ,
Schöneberg
Created 1831
Connecting roads Leipziger Strasse (east) ,
Hauptstrasse (south)
Cross streets (Selection)
Reichpietschufer ,
Schöneberger Ufer ,
Lützowstrasse ,
Kurfürstenstrasse ,
Bülowstrasse ,
Pallasstrasse ,
Goebenstrasse
Places Potsdamer Platz
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport
Technical specifications
Street length 1500 m in Tiergarten
950 m in Schöneberg

The Potsdamer Straße (of squatters also Potse called) in Berlin is part of the federal highway 1 and connects the Potsdamer Platz in the district of Tiergarten to the northern end of the main street in Schoeneberg on Heinrich von Kleist Park . It is not to be confused with the street of the same name in the Zehlendorf district .

Originally built in front of Potsdamer Tor as a route to the royal residences in Potsdam ( Sanssouci Palace and Neues Palais ), it was expanded into an “ Art Street ” at the end of the 18th century on behalf of King Friedrich Wilhelm II . From 1795 his new summer residence, the Marble Palace in Potsdam's New Garden , was easily accessible from the Berlin Palace via Berlin-Potsdamer Chaussee .

After the beginning of the 20th century, it became the busiest street in the German Empire . With the division of Berlin after the Second World War in importance reset - further enhanced by the construction of the Wall on 13 August 1961 - was the late 1960s, the route north of the Landwehr canal behind the Potsdamer Brücke by by Hans Scharoun planned Kulturforum with the New National Gallery , St Matthäuskirche , Philharmonie and State Library in the direction of Potsdamer Platz newly laid out. Today the rest of the street leads to Marlene-Dietrich-Platz as Alte Potsdamer Straße .

history

Potsdamer Strasse is part of the former Reichsstrasse 1 from Aachen to Königsberg . It was paved between 1790 and 1792 as one of the first art roads in Prussia . Contrary to the war wisdom of Friedrich II. "The worse the road, the more difficult it is for the enemy to advance", his successor Friedrich Wilhelm II commissioned the architect Carl Gotthard Langhans , who also designed today's Brandenburg Gate , the road between Berlin and to fortify Potsdam, to gravel and to line an avenue .

The reconstruction of the traffic tower at Potsdamer Platz , built in 1997 , March 2005

Since 1830, the bank assistant Samuel Ewald Leddihn had bought fields between the Botanical Garden (today's Kleistpark ) and Lützower Weg (today's Lützowstrasse ) and successfully converted it into building land.

The municipality of Alt-Schöneberg agreed to the sale of its pre-feudal "cattle mix right" - the so-called hat exemption: from now on it could no longer allow cattle to graze on the new building plots. The Prussian military treasury, which opened the first Prussian railway line (the so-called main line ) between Potsdam and Berlin with its Potsdam train station parallel to Potsdamer Strasse in 1837 was also entitled to vote .

On May 3, 1841, part of Potsdamer Chaussee between the Landwehrgraben and the Botanical Garden was renamed Potsdamer Strasse .

With the traffic tower at Potsdamer Platz on December 15, 1924, the first traffic light in the German Reich went into operation. It was controversial at the time because initially nobody saw the need to receive instructions from a light signal. A reconstruction of the traffic tower has been at the historical location since 1997.

The house numbers were changed from horseshoe to today's orientation numbering in 1937 . Until then, the houses were counted continuously, starting with number 1 on the northwest side. Since the changeover, the odd numbers are on the southeast side of the street and end with 203 (previously: 205) at the confluence with Großgörschenstrasse.

When the city was divided by the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the northern end of Potsdamer Strasse ended directly at the Berlin Wall . The West Berlin Senate consistently placed the new building of the State Library designed by Hans Scharoun across the historical course of the street and swiveled Potsdamer Strasse to the northwest onto Viktoriastrasse . After the reunification of Berlin , the section that was cut off to Potsdamer Platz was reactivated as Alte Potsdamer Straße and is now a side street to Marlene-Dietrich-Platz, which is busy with many pedestrians .

In the years before and after the Second World War , Potsdamer Strasse between the Lützow and Pallas corners of Goebenstrasse developed into a red light district in which prostitution flourished in the corresponding nightclubs . It was only at the end of the 1980s that this image began to deteriorate for this section of the street.

On September 22, 1981, the protester Klaus-Jürgen Rattay was hit by a bus on Potsdamer Strasse below the elevated railway line and died. A memorial plaque in the pavement on the corner of Potsdamer and Bülowstrasse (in front of Commerzbank ) reminds of this.

people

  • Master butcher Johann Cassel smoked cured pork in his shop at Potsdamer Strasse 15 around 1880 , which he called “smoked pork loin à la Berlinoise” and which later became known as Kasseler .
  • Marlene Dietrich lived as a child in house no. 45 (since 1937 no. 116), which was built by the architect Rudolf Zahn from 1905–1906 and was under monument protection (memorial plaque by Rolf Hemmerich, 2005).
  • Katia Mann's grandparents , Ernst Dohm , editor-in-chief of the satirical newspaper Kladderadatsch , and his wife Hedwig Dohm , a prominent women's rights activist , lived in house no.27a around 1870 (since 1937 no.72) and ran a literature salon.
  • On October 3, 1872, Theodor Fontane moved into his last apartment with his wife Emilie and daughter Martha in the so-called "Johanniter-Haus", Potsdamer Straße 134c. The gray house with a front garden was on the east side of the street, between Eichhornstrasse and Potsdamer Platz, on the site of today's State Library and had had a memorial plaque since 1899. In 1906 it had to make way for a commercial building that was given number 15 in 1937 and was bombed in World War II. His “more than simple living spaces” were on the top third floor on the right. Fontane lived there until his death on September 20, 1898.
  • Joseph Goebbels took over the management of the NSDAP -Gau Berlin-Brandenburg in 1926 in house No. 35 (since 1937 No. 97).
  • From 1897 to 1903 the publisher Axel Juncker ran his bookshop specializing in Scandinavian literature in house no. 11 (old census).
  • Philipp Manes , a Jewish fur trader and diary author murdered in Auschwitz , had to vacate his apartment in house No. 27 on July 21, 1942 and was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto.
  • Lotte Hahm , a lesbian activist since the Weimar Republic, lived at Potsdamer Strasse 181 in the 1950s.
  • Erik Spiekermann runs a small print shop in Potsdamer Strasse 98, where he keeps a collection of proofing presses and typesetting . The offices of his agency edenspiekermann_ are in house number 83.

Buildings and monuments

Former BVG headquarters at Potsdamer Strasse 188–192

overview

Monument to the " Iron Gustav " at the Potsdamer Bridge

Former institutions

1912 built by Rudolph Lepke's art auction house on Potsdamer Strasse
The houses at Potsdamer Strasse 157 and 159, occupied in 1981

Today's institutions

  • The Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation with the State Library (Potsdamer Strasse 33–37), the Ibero-American Institute (Potsdamer Strasse 37) and the ISBN agency.
  • Since 2003, the magistrale culture night has been taking place on Potsdamer Straße every year at the beginning of September as a presentation of artistic activities in the entire area of ​​Potsdamer Straße.
  • Potsdamer Straße 131: Power Radio's broadcasting center . Radio 100 , Energy Berlin , Radyo Metropol FM and Hundert, 6 have already broadcast from here . In front of the broadcasting center, near Potsdamer Strasse at the corner of Bülowstrasse, there is a (speaking) memorial, erected at the instigation of the Governing Mayor of Berlin , to commemorate the start of the first private broadcaster Radio 100 in Berlin in 1987.
  • In the formerly occupied building at Potsdamer Strasse 157, the Ex'n'Pop was located on the site of the former KOB .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Potsdamer Straße (Berlin-Tiergarten)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Potsdamer Straße (Berlin-Schöneberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Ingrid founder: Sittenbilder - Die Potse . In: Die Zeit 48/1983
  2. Gunda Bartels: Potsdamer Strasse in Transition - Degenerate to Stay . In: Der Tagesspiegel , August 26, 2017
  3. ^ Official announcement of May 3, 1841, Berliner Nachrichten No. 110, May 13, 1841
  4. Documentation by the RBB , with a television interview with the Potsdamer Strasse chronicler Benny Härlin
  5. History / Hunger and Thirst . berlin-mitte.com
  6. ^ Kassler - a Berlin classic In: Berliner Morgenpost , June 5, 2008
  7. Commercial building Potsdamer Strasse 116 in the Berlin State Monument List
  8. Lutz Seiler prints Lutz Seiler / Guest of Erik Spiekermann in the gallery P98A . Retrieved April 9, 2016
  9. Gallery P98a Potsdamer Straße , accessed on April 9, 2016
  10. Nina Kirst: View into the studio: Edenspiekermann in Berlin , accessed on April 9, 2016
  11. bmwi-sicherheitsforum.de
  12. netzpolitik.org
  13. ssb.tommyhaus.org
  14. drugstore-berlin.de
  15. Wolfgang Staschen (obituary). In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 2, 2013, accessed on August 25, 2019
  16. Picky trick thief only steals old copperplate engravings . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 30, 1997, accessed on August 25, 2019
  17. Marcus Woeller: “It's good to be there again” . In: Die Welt , May 1, 2011, accessed on August 25, 2019
  18. Sonja Pohlmann: Welcome to the fashion no man's land . In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 12, 2011, accessed on August 25, 2019
  19. Miriam Stein : "Actually, I hate gifts" . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , December 28, 2011, accessed on August 25, 2019
  20. jugendopposition.de
  21. exnpop.de

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 2.7 ″  N , 13 ° 21 ′ 49.1 ″  E