Philipp Manes

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Philipp Manes as a soldier in the First World War

Philipp Manes (born on August 16, 1875 in Elberfeld (now part of Wuppertal ); died after October 28, 1944 in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp ) was a Berlin Jewish fur trader, specialist journalist in the fur industry and diary author who managed to get to the Theresienstadt ghetto to maintain a relatively rich cultural life for more than two years.

Life

In 1904, Philipp Manes joined Eduard Manes (April 14, 1844 - December 9, 1932) and his wife Liesette Manes (January 13, 1854 - after 1927), with tobacco products and fur ingredients , in his parents' wholesaler (Berlin, Werderscher Markt 10), which went out at the end of 1938 one in which he devoted himself exclusively to the fur trade. In June 1905 Philipp (Arminius) married Manes Gertrud (Henriette), née Elias, both of the Mosaic faith.

Advertisement for the Eduard Manes company (owner Philipp Manes), tobacco goods agencies, January 1937

In 1920, during his professional activities, he founded the Association of Berlin Smoking Companies, and remained its chairman for seven years. He then devoted himself entirely to reporting for the industry's trade magazines at home and abroad. He was significantly involved in the organization of the fur industry's most important self-image to date, the IPA - International Fur Goods Exhibition in Leipzig. In Berlin he became a member of the Victoria Masonic Lodge .

From 1939 onwards, Manes wrote a diary to describe life in Berlin under the Nazi dictatorship for his four children, who were still able to leave Germany. In the winter of 1941 - at the age of 67 - he was forced to do factory work on the drill - he was pleased to announce that he was able to fulfill the chord. On July 21, 1942, Manes had to vacate his apartment at Potsdamer Strasse 27 in Berlin (house number counting from 1936 to today). He and his wife were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where Manes kept a diary. With the last so-called rail transport that left Theresienstadt, the couple were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp on October 28, 1944, where they were murdered along with 1687 more people.

diary

The diary manuscript was hidden by fellow prisoners from Theresienstadt (Lies Klemich) and reached the author's daughter, who lived in England and who tried to find a publication for a long time without success. The manuscript is now available for scholarly editing in the Wiener Library in London, along with other bequests . The edition of the diaries published by Ullstein Verlag in 2005 was provided by the two historians Ben Barkow and Klaus Leist with a foreword and comments, as well as an extensive biographical appendix, which lists the life data of many - sometimes prominent - prisoners. As part of the Jewish self-government in Theresienstadt, Manes organized, among other things, an "orientation service" that was supposed to find confused people in order to return them to their accommodation in the camp - often forcibly relocated at an advanced age. The partly accountable diary describes Mane's work to maintain a rich cultural offer for fellow prisoners under the most adverse circumstances. The diary contains digressions on details of life in the concentration camp. The more than 500 events organized by Manes in Theresienstadt included the dramatic reading of Goethe's Faust , the performance of Mendelssohn's Elias and the lecture by Leo Baeck .

bibliography

Philipp Manes, about two months before he was murdered. Portrait of Arthur Goldschmidt , Theresienstadt 1944
  • Philipp Manes: As if it were a life . Factual report Theresienstadt 1942 to 1944. Edited by Ben Barkow and Klaus Leist, Ullstein Verlag, Berlin 2005, 544 pages, bound, ISBN 3-550-07610-X .
  • Philipp Manes: The history of the German fur industry and its associations . Manuscript edited by Dr. Otto Nauen, Frankfurt / Main. Manes finished his manuscript shortly before the outbreak of World War II. Published between 1950 and 1956. The entire three-volume work was probably only published in parts; it is dated to Berlin 1940.
  • Holger Honold: Never give up. This attitude puts the reader to shame: Philipp Manes talks about the concentration camp. Literature review in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , June 29, 2006, p. 42.

literature

  • Philipp Manes, Ben Barkow, Klaus Leist: As if it were a life: Factual report Theresienstadt 1942–1944. Ullstein, Berlin 2005.

Web links

Commons : Philipp Manes  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Advertisement by J. Kulp, Rauchwaren, Munich, Arcostraße 14. In: Kürschner-Zeitung , Alexander Duncker, Leipzig, page 434 (back of the magazine).
  2. ↑ Without an author's name: Eduard Manes is 78 years old. In: The tobacco market. No. 83, Berlin April 13, 1922, p. 5.
  3. ↑ Editor: Eduard Manes †. In: The fur clothing. No. 25, supplement to Der Rauchwarenmarkt No. 25, Leipzig December 10, 1932.
  4. ↑ Editor: 75th birthday. In: The tobacco market. No. 5, Leipzig, January 12, 1928, p. 5.
  5. ^ Philipp Manes: The German fur industry and its associations 1900-1940, attempt at a story. Volume 3, Berlin 1941. Copy of the original manuscript, pp. 211–212, chapter Eduard Manes (→ table of contents) .
  6. ↑ Marriage certificate No. 165/1905 from June 3, 1905, marriage register 1905 Volume 01, Hamburg registry office 03.
  7. ↑ Philipp Manes: As if it were a life . Ullstein Verlag, Berlin 2005, p. 453. ISBN 3-550-07610-X
  8. ^ Johannisloge Victoria Berlin (eds.): The fate of the brothers of the Johannisloge Victoria No. 492 i, persecuted by the National Socialists. O. Berlin. Philipp Manes . (PDF), 2013, accessed January 2, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Manes, Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German fur trader and diary author
DATE OF BIRTH August 16, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Elberfeld
DATE OF DEATH after October 28, 1944
Place of death Auschwitz