1875
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Calendar overview 1875
Map with all linked pages: | 1875 | |
|---|---|
 by Georges Bizet is received coolly at its premiere . |
 , opens after 15 years of construction. |
 , planned as insurance fraud, kills 83 people. |
|
| 1875 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1323/24 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1867/68 (September 11-12) |
| Baha'i calendar | 31/32 (March 20/21) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1280/81 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2418/19 (southern Buddhism); 2417/18 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the wood pig乙亥 ( at the beginning of the year wood dog 甲戌) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1237/38 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4208/09 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1253/54 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1291/92 (February 7th / 8th) |
| Japanese calendar |
Meiji 8 (
明治 8 年); Kōki 2535 |
| Jewish calendar | 5635/36 (September 29/30) |
| Coptic calendar | 1591/92 (September 11-12) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1050/51 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1290/91 (March 1) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2185/86 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2186/87 (turn of the year October) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1931/32 (April) |
events
Politics and world events
The German Imperium
Between Berlin and Rome - Caricature representation of the Kulturkampf as a chess game between Bismarck and Pope Pius IX, Kladderadatsch 1875
- February 5: In his encyclical Quod numquam , Pope Pius IX condemns . the Prussian culture war laws and declares them null and void.
- February 6: In the German Reich , the new Reich Law on the certification of civil status and marriage prescribes compulsory civil marriage and allows divorce.
- April 22nd: The so-called “ Bread Basket Act ” intensifies the culture war with the Roman Catholic Church in the German Empire . The core of the law is the blocking of all state subsidies to ecclesiastical institutions of the Catholic Church in order to force the recognition of the Kulturkampf Laws by the Church. Bishops and clergy who make this acknowledgment in writing will again receive the state benefits.
- May 27: In the German Reich join in Gotha that of Ferdinand Lassalle founded in 1863 General German Workers' Association (ADAV) and that of Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel in 1869 founded Social Democratic Labor Party (SDAP) for the Socialist Workers Party of Germany (SAD) along which 1890 in Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) was renamed.
- May 31st: The Monastery Law , another law on culture warfare, is passed and announced on June 3rd. It abolishes all religious orders and order-like congregations, with the exception of those devoted exclusively to nursing.
- Bremen , Hanover and Stuttgart become large cities with more than 100,000 people.
France
- JANUARY 30: With a majority of the of is Henri Wallon introduced amendment Wallon adopted, after which the future French head of state, the president is elected for seven years.
- February 24th: The law of February 25th regulates the position of the French Senate .
- July 16: The last of the four legal texts of 1875 ( lois constitutionnelles de 1875 ) come into force, which finally establish the republican form of government of the still young Third Republic , which was so far only inadequately anchored in the constitution due to the strong monarchist currents.
Switzerland
- January 1: Johann Jakob Scherer becomes President of Switzerland .
- July 28: Four Italian tunnel workers are shot dead during the riots in Göschenen after a strike started the day before during the construction of the Gotthard tunnel . As a reaction to the events, an army deployment followed the next day, followed by an unarmed federal intervention led by Council of States Hans Hold .
Spain
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- January 14th: Alfonso XII. enters Madrid at the head of the monarchist troops, overthrows the First Spanish Republic for good and restores the monarchy. He then turns against the Carlist under the pretender to the throne Carlos María de Borbón and inflicts a defeat on them at Treviño on July 7th. Under Prime Minister Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , a policy was pursued until 1885 aimed at restoring the privileges of the nobility and the Catholic Church.
Africa
- April 19: In the territorial dispute between Great Britain and Portugal over the possession of the East African Maputo Bay , the French President, now Patrice de Mac-Mahon , decides for the Portuguese side.
- Gabon becomes a French colony .
Latin America
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- August 6: Four conspirators kill the re-elected Ecuadorian President Gabriel García Moreno in Quito on the way from the cathedral to the presidential palace as he is about to take up his third term in office.
business
Banking and monetary affairs
- January 21: The Banque de l'Indochine , a public limited company owned by large private investors, which also functions as the central bank with banknote privilege in the French colonies in the Asia-Pacific region , is founded in Paris.
- March 14th: In the German Reich the banking law is passed, which among other things provides for the creation of the Reichsbank from January 1st, 1876.
- August 3: The Bavarian King Ludwig II approves the establishment of the Bavarian Central Bank . This function has so far been held by the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank , which, however, does not want to accept any restrictions on its other banking business .
- October 6: The Ottoman Empire cuts interest payments on its foreign debt by 50 percent. In return, the creditors receive bonds with interest at 5 percent with the promise of later redemption. The disrupted state finances lead to the declaration of bankruptcy on April 13, 1876 .
Postal service
- March 19: The pneumatic post in Vienna goes into operation, initially only for telegrams and express letters.
- July 1: The General Postal Union Agreement signed the year before in Bern comes into effect in practice and facilitates international postal traffic.
Patents
- February 2: American Frank Stephen Baldwin's sprout wheel machine is patented in the USA .
Business start-ups
- The locksmiths Philipp Helfmann and Balthasar Helfmann, who come from Kelsterbach , found the Gebrüder Helfmann construction company in Frankfurt am Main, from which the Hochtief AG company later emerged.
traffic
- The Linha do Minho railway line opens between the Portuguese cities of Porto and Valença .
miscellaneous
- December: The British crown takes over the majority of Suez Canal shares.
science and technology
- January 17: The Tünel in Istanbul , the world's first underground funicular and the first subway outside London, opens.
Crocé-Spinellis and Sivels grave in the Père-Lachaise cemetery in Paris
- April 15: The French Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel died of a lack of oxygen at an altitude of about 8,000 meters during a balloon flight for the purpose of spectroscopic investigations . The third participant, Gaston Tissandier , survived and was able to land, but is now deaf .
- May 20: In the course of the introduction of the metric system of units , representatives of 17 signatory states agree in the Meter Convention to create an original meter and an original kilogram as standards for the meter and the kilogram .
- August: The Sumner Heights and Hazelwood Valley Railroad , an experimental narrow-gauge railroad with the unusually narrow gauge of just 10 inches (254 mm), goes into service as part of an experiment in the city of Hyde Park , near Boston.
- September: The French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran was able to produce the element eka-aluminum predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev for the first time , but gave it the name gallium .
- John Kerr discovered the electro-optical effect named after him .
- Alexander Graham Bell conducts experiments to improve the telephone .
- Richard Caton registers electrical activity in the cerebral cortex of animals.
- The German zoologist Oscar Hertwig is the first to observe the fertilization of a female egg by a male sperm cell in the sea urchin .
Culture
architecture
- January 5th: The neo-baroque Opéra Garnier , built by Charles Garnier , opens. The Paris Opera , chosen by Gaston Leroux as the setting for his novel Le fantôme de l'opéra , was the largest theater in the world at the time.
- November 11th: The public Parque Tres de Febrero is inaugurated in Buenos Aires . The site belonged to the former dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas and was expropriated from him .
Visual arts
- Thomas Eakins paints the realistic oil painting The Gross Clinic .
- Eastman Johnson paints The Girl I Left Behind Me in oil on canvas .
literature
Music and theater
- February 27th: The operetta Cagliostro is premiered by Johann Strauss (son) at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna . The libretto is by Camillo Walzel and Richard Genée . The piece is initially a huge success, but gradually loses the audience's favor.
Célestine Galli-Marié as Carmen, 1875
- March 3: The premiere of the Opéra-comique Carmen by Georges Bizet with the libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy based on the novel of the same name by Prosper Mérimée at the Opéra-Comique in Paris is coldly received by the audience. The work's global success only began months later.
- March 10: The opera Die Königin von Saba by Karl Goldmark celebrates a great success at its world premiere at the Court Opera in Vienna and becomes one of the most successful operas of the late 19th century.
- April 4th: Bedřich Smetana's Die Moldau (Vltava) is premiered in Prague.
- July 19: The world premiere of the opera La falce (The Sickle) by Alfredo Catalani takes place in Milan.
- November 3rd: The world premiere of the operetta Die Kreolin by Jacques Offenbach takes place at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens in Paris.
miscellaneous
- The Hermann Monument in the Teutoburg Forest is inaugurated after 37 years of construction.
society
- December 11th: The attack on the Moselle in Bremerhaven is the worst murder attack in Germany to date. A premature bomb explosion during the loading process kills 83 people and injures around 200. The explosive device should sink the ship on the high seas and be a means of insurance fraud .
- Aylesford affair
religion
- March 6th: The great Duisburg synagogue opens.
- March 15: John McCloskey , Archbishop of New York, becomes the first non-European to be appointed by Pope Pius IX. accepted into the college of cardinals .
- Around Corpus Christi: In the course of the Kulturkampf , the Catholic Spandau procession is no longer approved by the magistrate after around 40 years.
- September 8: In Helena Blavatsky's apartment , 16 people decide to found the Theosophical Society . This later secret society gains considerable influence on religious and esoteric movements. The statutes will be read on October 30th, and a ceremonial foundation will be held on November 17th. But the first departures take place at the end of the year.
- September 8th: In Steyl , the Netherlands , the German priest Arnold Janssen brings the Society of the Divine Word into being. Because of the Kulturkampf he was unable to found the congregation in Germany.
- October 16: In Provo in the US state of Utah , the confessional is Brigham Young University by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints founded. The German high school teacher Karl Gottfried Mäser becomes the first rector of the university .
Disasters
- February 24: On the coast of Queensland, the passenger steamer Gothenburg is caught by a cyclone and hits rocks on the Great Barrier Reef . The ship is stuck on the rocks and is slowly being flooded. 113 people die.
- JUNE 1: The passenger steamer Vicksburg the Dominion Line sinks after hitting an iceberg. 47 of the 91 people on board were killed.
- November 4: The paddle steamer Pacific collides with the sailing ship Orpheus southwest of Cape Flattery on the coast of the US state of Washington and sinks. 273 passengers and crew members die, including all women and children.
- December 6th The steam sailor Germany runs on a sandbank at the height of the Thames Delta. 57 people lose their lives.
- December 25th The collapse of the stairwell in the Hellikon school building in Switzerland kills 76.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .
Sports
- March 3: James Creighton , a student at McGill University , organizes the first indoor ice hockey game in Montreal , Canada . A puck is also mentioned for the first time in a newspaper report about the game .
- May 17th: The first horse race of the Kentucky Derby is held in Louisville (Kentucky) .
Matthew Webb; Drawing from Vanity Fair , 1875
- August 25: Matthew Webb is the first person to swim the English Channel without technical assistance in 21 hours 45 minutes and reaches Calais .
- Konrad Koch publishes the first German rule for football (see the history of football ).
- The Blackburn Rovers are founded.
- The first table tennis rules are published in England .
Born
January
- January 4: Wassili Jan , Russian writer († 1954)
- January 6: Elsa von Gutmann , Princess of Liechtenstein († 1947)
- January 6: Walther Schücking , German politician and international lawyer († 1935)
- January 8: Frank Erne , Swiss boxer († 1954)
- January 9: Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney , American patroness and founder of the Whitney Museum of American Art († 1942)
- January 10: Issai Schur , German mathematician († 1941)
- January 11: Reinhold Glière , Russian composer († 1956)
- January 12: Helene Aeckerle , German author and translator († 1940)
- January 12: Homer D. Angell , American politician († 1968)
- January 14: Albert Schweitzer , Alsatian doctor, theologian, musician and philosopher († 1965)
- January 15: Thomas Burke , American athlete, participant in the first Summer Olympic Games in 1896 († 1929)
- January 15: Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud , founder of the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia († 1953)
- January 16: Leonor Michaelis , German-American biochemist and physician († 1949)
- January 18: Alexei Abrikossow , Soviet pathologist († 1955)
- January 18: Julián Carrillo , Mexican composer († 1965)
- January 21: Karl Hermann Zipp , German electrical engineer († 1940)
- January 22: DW Griffith , American actor, director and film producer († 1948)
- January 24th: Jan Johannes Blanksma , Dutch chemist († 1950)
- January 25: Flem D. Sampson , American politician († 1967)
- January 30: Hans Bader , Swiss clergyman († 1935)
- January 31: Sepp Straffner , Austrian politician († 1952)
February
- February 1: Bertha Dörflein-Kahlke , German painter († 1964)
- February 2: Fritz Kreisler , Austrian violinist and composer († 1962)
- February 4: Ludwig Prandtl , German physicist († 1953)
- February 5: Gonzalo Queipo de Llano , Spanish general († 1951)
- February 6: Otto Geßler , German Reichswehr Minister († 1955)
- February 6: Walter Hyde , British opera singer and vocal teacher († 1951)
- February 7: Walter Courvoisier , Swiss composer († 1931)
- February 8: Richard Berndl , German architect, craftsman and university professor († 1955)
- February 9: Paul von Eltz-Rübenach , German Reich Minister of Transport in the Third Reich († 1943)
- February 13: Traugott Hahn , German-Baltic theologian and pastor, Protestant martyr († 1919)
- February 15: Vilma von Webenau , Austrian-German composer († 1953)
- February 17th: Adolph Weber , German gymnast
- February 18: Walter Andrae , German building researcher and archaeologist († 1956)
- February 18: Ludwig Külz , German physician and Africa researcher († 1938)
- February 18: Wilhelm Külz , German politician († 1948)
- February 20: Marie Marvingt , French pilot († 1963)
- February 21: Jeanne Calment , French, person with the longest verifiable life span († 1997)
- February 22: Sophie Adelheid in Bavaria , daughter of Duke Karl Theodor in Bavaria († 1957)
- February 22: Hayunga Carman , Canadian music teacher († 1965)
- February 24: Alfred Agache , French architect and urban planner († 1959)
- February 24: Konstantin Hierl , German politician and functionary († 1955)
- February 25: Karl August Nerger , German frigate captain and bearer of the order Pour-le-Mérite († 1947)
- February 26: Erich Koch-Weser , German politician († 1944)
- February 26: Hans Böckler , German politician and trade union official († 1951)
- February 26: Edith Miller , Canadian singer († 1936)
- February 26: Richard Wetz , German composer and music teacher († 1935)
- February 27: Julius Asch , German trade unionist and politician († 1932)
- February 27: Manuel Ugarte , Argentine writer († 1951)
- February 28: Viliam Figuš-Bystrý , Slovak composer († 1937)
- February 28: Christie MacDonald , American singer († 1962)
Albert Schweitzer
David Wark Griffith
Wilhelm Külz
March
- March 1: Sigurður Eggerz , Icelandic Prime Minister and Minister of Finance († 1945)
- March 4: Henri Duvernois , French writer († 1937)
- March 4: Mihály Károlyi , Hungarian politician († 1955)
- March 4: Helene Lübbers-Wegemann , German painter († 1958)
- March 7th: Maurice Ravel , French composer († 1937)
- March 8: Franco Alfano , Italian composer († 1954)
- March 9: Theodor Barth , Swiss painter († 1949)
- March 10: Alexander Goldenweiser , Russian composer and pianist († 1961)
- March 11: Victor Wallenberg , Swedish marksman († 1970)
- March 14: Paul Ilg , Swiss writer († 1957)
- March 15: Henri Ghéon , French writer († 1944)
- March 15: Georg Graf , German orientalist († 1955)
- March 16: Percy MacKaye , American playwright and poet († 1956)
- March 16: Ludwig Rex , German silent film actor († 1979)
- March 18: Manuel Trucco , Chilean politician († 1954)
- March 19: Gustav Wyneken , German reform pedagogue († 1964)
- March 20: Ben Fuller , Australian theater entrepreneur († 1952)
- March 22nd: Anton Hanak , Austrian sculptor († 1934)
- March 22nd: Friedrich von Huene , German vertebrate paleontologist († 1969)
- March 22nd: Hans Grimm , German writer and nationalist publicist († 1959)
- March 22nd: Franz Joseph Koch , German teacher and author († 1947)
- March 24th: Johanna Tesch , German politician († 1945)
- March 26: Max Abraham , German theoretical physicist († 1922)
- March 26: Syngman Rhee , first South Korean President († 1965)
- March 27: Cécile Vogt , French doctor and neurologist († 1962)
- March 31: Adolf von Arnim , German sports official († 1931)
- March 31: Ludwig Kießling , German crop scientist and plant breeder († 1942)
- March 31: Hans Osten , German businessman and astronomer († 1936)
April
- April 1: Edgar Wallace , British crime novelist († 1932)
- April 2: Walter Percy Chrysler , American automobile pioneer († 1940)
- April 2: Hermann Delago , Austrian alpinist († 1962)
- April 4: Pierre Monteux , French-American conductor († 1964)
- April 5: Blumepeter , Mannheim local legend († 1940)
- April 6: Xenija Alexandrovna Romanowa , Russian Grand Duchess († 1960)
- April 8: Albert I , Belgian King († 1934)
- April 9: Jacques Futrelle , American writer († 1912)
- April 12: Stanisław Adamski , Polish Bishop of Katowice and politician († 1967)
- April 12: Hugo Sinzheimer , German legal scholar († 1945)
- April 13: Ray Lyman Wilbur , American politician and physician († 1949)
- April 14: Vasily Anutschin , Russian ethnographer and journalist († 1941)
- April 14: Luigi Carnera , Italian astronomer and discoverer of many asteroids († 1962)
- April 15: James J. Jeffries , American boxer and world heavyweight champion († 1953)
- April 16: Erwin Baur , German doctor, botanist, geneticist and breeding researcher († 1933)
- April 18: Ugo Amaldi , Italian mathematician († 1957)
- April 18: Oskar Ernst Bernhardt , German founder of the Grail Movement († 1941)
- April 19: Gaston Dethier , American organist and composer († 1958)
- April 20: Josef Pembaur , Austrian pianist and composer († 1950)
- April 22nd: Johann Baptist Umberg , Swiss Jesuit and university professor († 1959)
- April 23: Tillie Anderson , American cyclist († 1965)
- April 23: Heinrich Vogt , German neurologist († 1957)
- April 27: Maurice de Broglie , Duke of Broglie, French physicist, member of the Académie française († 1960)
- April 29: Rafael Sabatini , Italian-British writer († 1950)
- April 30: Friedrich Opel , German cyclist, engineer, racing car driver and entrepreneur († 1938)
Maurice Ravel, 1925
Edgar Wallace
May
- May 1: Heinrich von Aretin , German politician († 1943)
- May 6: William Daniel Leahy , American Fleet Admiral (5-Star Admiral) († 1959)
- May 7: William Hoyt , American pole vaulter and Olympic champion († 1954)
- May 9: Leopold Andrian , Austrian poet, writer and diplomat († 1951)
- May 9: Friedrich Horn , German Protestant theologian († 1957)
- May 9: Ole Mørk Sandvik , Norwegian folk song collector, music researcher and teacher († 1976)
- May 11: Harriet Quimby , American pilot († 1912)
- May 11: Louis Weinert-Wilton , German writer († 1945)
- May 12: Mathias Kneißl , Bavarian criminal († 1902)
- May 13: Georg Schätzel , German politician († 1934)
- May 15: Otto Vesper , German politician († 1923)
- May 16: Vincas Bacevičius , Lithuanian music teacher, pianist, conductor and composer († 1952)
- May 18: Guido Alberto Fano , Italian composer, conductor and pianist († 1961)
- May 19: Stefan Großmann , Austrian writer († 1935)
- May 24: Robert Garrett , American athlete († 1961)
- May 26: Stan Golestan , Romanian composer and music critic († 1956)
- May 26: Harold Steinacker , German historian († 1965)
- May 26: Helene Voigt-Diederichs , German writer († 1961)
- May 27: Wilhelm Bader junior , German organ builder († 1964)
- May 27: Jorge Newbery , Argentine aviation pioneer, engineer, scientist and athlete († 1914)
- May 28: Morris Sheppard , American politician († 1941)
- May 29: Francesco Ciuppa , Italian racing car driver († unknown)
- May 29: Giovanni Gentile , Italian philosopher, cultural manager and politician († 1944)
June
- June 1: Carl Severing , German politician and minister († 1952)
- June 2: Emil Abel , Austrian chemist († 1958)
- June 4th: Oskar Adler , Austrian musician and astrologer († 1955)
- June 5: Stanislav Kostka Neumann , Czech poet († 1947)
- June 6: Thomas Mann , German writer and Nobel Prize for Literature († 1955)
- June 9: Henry Hallett Dale , British biochemist († 1968)
- June 9: Mathilde Paravicini , Swiss humanist († 1954)
- June 11: George Herbert Walker , American banker († 1953)
- June 13: Paul Neumann , Austrian swimmer († 1932)
- June 13: Elise Daimler , German painter and graphic artist († 1956)
- June 13: Max d'Ollone , French composer († 1959)
- June 14: Clemens von Franckenstein , German composer and general manager in Munich († 1942)
- June 15: Libero Andreotti , Italian sculptor († 1933)
- June 20: Othenio Abel , Austrian paleontologist and evolutionary biologist († 1946)
- June 22nd: Johannes Baader , German architect, writer, Dadaist and action artist († 1955)
- June 23: Jakob Tiedtke , German actor († 1960)
- June 23: Norman Pritchard , Indian athlete, Olympian and actor († 1929)
- June 24th: Diedrich Westermann , German Africanist and ethnologist († 1956)
- June 25: Domingo Díaz Arosemena , Panamanian President († 1949)
- June 26: Riccardo Stracciari , opera singer and vocal teacher († 1955)
- June 26: Camille Zeckwer , American composer († 1924)
- June 28: Henri Léon Lebesgue , French mathematician († 1941)
William Daniel Leahy
Helene Voigt-Diederichs
Thomas Mann
July
- July 2: Hubert D. Stephens , American politician († 1946)
- July 2: Fritz Ullmann , German chemist († 1939)
- July 3: Hans Studer , Swiss engineer († 1957)
- July 3: Ferdinand Sauerbruch , German surgeon († 1951)
- July 4th: Richard Genserowski , German gymnast († 1955)
- July 10: EC Bentley , British writer († 1956)
- July 10: Mary McLeod Bethune , African American women's and human rights activist († 1955)
- July 10: Otto Wurzburg , American composer of chess problems († 1951)
- July 14: Richard Delbrueck , German archaeologist († 1957)
- July 15: Hill McAlister , American politician († 1959)
- July 15: Helena Oleska , Polish opera singer and vocal teacher († 1969)
- July 17: Donald Francis Tovey , English composer, pianist and musicologist († 1940)
- July 18: Richard Hönigswald , philosopher († 1947)
- July 21: Oskar Moll , German painter († 1947)
- July 25: Paul Graetz , German officer († 1968)
- July 26: Antonio Machado , Spanish poet († 1939)
- July 26: Carl Gustav Jung , Swiss psychoanalyst († 1961)
- July 31: Alexandre Denéréaz , Swiss composer († 1947)
- July 31: Jacques Villon , French cubist painter († 1963)
- July 31: Yanagita Kunio , Japanese writer and ethnologist († 1962)
August
- August 5: Malin Craig , American 4-Star General († 1945)
- August 8: Vladimir Senilov , Russian composer († 1918)
- August 9: Albert Ketèlbey , English composer and conductor († 1959)
- August 9: Willem Vogelsang , Dutch art historian († 1954)
- August 11: Raymond E. Willis , American politician († 1956)
- August 15: John Arthur , Australian politician († 1914)
- August 15: Eduard Kado , German painter, draftsman, sculptor and craftsman († 1946)
- August 17: Karl Roth , German architect († 1932)
- August 17th: Knud Zimsen , Mayor of Reykjavík († 1953)
- August 21: Heinrich Jasper , German politician, Prime Minister of the Free State of Braunschweig († 1945)
- August 22nd: Romain Pelletier , Canadian organist, composer and music teacher († 1953)
- August 23: William Henry Eccles , British physicist, radio pioneer († 1966)
- August 24: Paul Jatzow , German architect († 1940)
- August 24: Emma Meyn , German painter († 1942)
- August 26: John Buchan , Scottish writer and politician († 1940)
- August 29: Leonardo Argüello Barreto , President of Nicaragua († 1947)
- August 30: Hermann Kutzschbach , German conductor and music teacher († 1938)
September
- September 1: Edgar Rice Burroughs , American writer († 1950)
- September 1: Josef Reinhart , Swiss folk writer († 1957)
- September 2: Otto Keller , Swabian dialect poet and composer († 1931)
- September 3: Ferdinand Porsche , Austrian-German car designer († 1951)
- September 3: Wilhelm Scharrelmann , German teacher and writer († 1950)
- September 5: Carl Froelich , German film pioneer and director († 1953)
- September 6: Hermann Pistor , German mathematician and physicist († 1951)
- September 7th: Trigant Burrow , American psychiatrist († 1950)
- September 7th: Max Winkler , Reich Trustee and Reich Commissioner for German Cinematic Art († 1961)
- September 10: Paul Scheinpflug , German composer and conductor († 1937)
- September 11th: Max Winckel , German chemist and nutrition researcher († 1960)
- September 13: Carl Immanuel Philipp Hesse , German-Baltic pastor, Protestant martyr in Estonia († 1918)
- September 15: Henry D. Hatfield , American politician († 1962)
- September 16: Eva Mylott , Australian opera singer († 1920)
- September 17: John H. Overton , American politician († 1948)
- September 19: Jimmy Jackson , Scottish-Australian football player († unknown)
- September 20: Matthias Erzberger , German politician († 1921)
- September 22: Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis , Lithuanian composer and painter († 1911)
- September 23: Hedwig Wangel , German actress († 1961)
- September 25: Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor , Spanish painter († 1960)
- September 25: Emil Lask , German philosopher († 1915)
- September 27: Cléo de Mérode , French ballet dancer († 1966)
- September 30: Fred Fisher , American composer of German descent († 1942)
October
- October 1: Eugeen Van Mieghem , Belgian artist († 1930)
- October 3rd: Louis Sire , French racing car driver
- October 5: Cyril Rootham , English composer († 1938)
- October 8: Laurence Doherty , English tennis player († 1919)
- October 10: Franz Maria Luitpold of Bavaria , Bavarian Prince and Major General († 1957)
- October 11: Carlos Brandt , Venezuelan writer, philosopher and historian († 1964)
- October 12: Aleister Crowley , English occultist († 1947)
- October 12: Emil Rudolf Weiß , German typographer, graphic artist, teacher and poet († 1942)
- October 13: Friedrich Zundel , German painter († 1948)
- October 14: John Hammill , American politician († 1936)
- October 15: Alfred Grünberger , Austrian politician († 1935)
- October 15: André-Louis Cholesky , French mathematician († 1918)
- October 17: August Abbehusen , German architect († 1941)
- October 18: James Aggrey , Ghanaian teacher and missionary († 1927)
- October 18: Joe Delahanty , American baseball player († 1936)
- October 19: Theodor Duesterberg , German politician, long-time chairman of the Stahlhelmbund († 1950)
- October 22: Harriet Chalmers Adams , American explorer, journalist and photographer († 1937)
- October 22: Harry Walden , German actor († 1921)
- October 23: Gilbert Newton Lewis , American physical chemist († 1946)
- October 23: Mathilde Satz , German artist († unknown)
- October 23: George Alfred Carlson , American politician († 1926)
- October 24: Fanny Starhemberg , Austrian politician († 1943)
- October 25: Paul Korff , German builder and architect († 1945)
- October 29: Alva B. Adams , American politician († 1941)
- October 29: Marie of Edinburgh , Queen of Romania († 1938)
- October 29: Otto Wiegand , German gymnast († 1939)
- October 31: Heinrich Thyssen , German entrepreneur, patron of the arts († 1947)
- October 31: Vallabhbhai Patel , Indian statesman († 1950)
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Ferdinand Porsche
Matthias Erzberger, 1919
Cyril Rootham
November
- November 1: Adolf Tannert , German gymnast († 1961)
- November 4: Pablo Burchard Eggeling , Chilean painter († 1964)
- November 4: Arthur Crispien , German politician († 1946)
- November 4: Magdalene Pauli , German writer († 1970)
- November 5: Kathleen Atkinson , American tennis player († 1957)
- November 6: Richard L. Murphy , American politician († 1936)
- November 7th: Eduard Castle , Austrian literary historian († 1959)
- November 8: Qiu Jin , Chinese revolutionary († 1907)
- November 9: Rudolf von Sebottendorf , German adventurer, founder of the Thule Society († 1945)
- November 10: Jeanne Maubourg , Canadian singer and music teacher († 1953)
- November 10: Hansi Niese , Austrian actress († 1934)
- November 11: Vesto Slipher , American astronomer († 1969)
- November 11th: Dorothy Vernon , American actress († 1970)
- November 12th: Fritz Erle , German engineer and racing car driver († 1957)
- November 13: Aline Atherton-Smith , British Quaker († after 1945)
- November 14: Bruno H. Bürgel , German astronomer, writer and publicist († 1948)
- November 14: Jakob Schaffner , Swiss writer († 1944)
- November 18: Adela Wilgocka , Polish singer and vocal teacher († 1960)
- November 19: Hiram Bingham , Hawaiian archaeologist and explorer († 1956)
- November 19: Mikhail Kalinin , Soviet politician, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet († 1946)
- November 20: Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg , German diplomat († 1944)
- November 23: Anatoly Lunacharsky , Russian-Soviet People's Commissar († 1933)
- November 24: Abe Nobuyuki , Japanese general, politician and 36th Prime Minister of Japan († 1953)
- November 26th: Carl Burger , German sculptor († 1950)
- November 27: Jaroslav Labský , Czech composer († 1949)
- November 27: Julius Lenhart , Austrian gymnast and Olympic participant († 1962)
- November 27: Franz Xaver Schwarz , Reichsleiter and Reich Treasurer of the NSDAP († 1947)
December
- December 1: Otto Ampferer , Austrian alpinist and geologist († 1947)
- December 1: Alphonse Schmitt , German organist and composer († 1912)
- December 2: Emile Lombard , Franco-Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor († 1965)
- December 3: Bernhard Lichtenberg , Catholic theologian († 1943)
- December 4: Rainer Maria Rilke , German poet, narrator, translator and novelist († 1926)
- December 5: Ángel Castro Argiz , father of Fidel and Raúl Castro († 1956)
- December 6: Albert Bond Lambert , American golfer and aviation pioneer († 1946)
- December 6: Rudolf Liechtenhan the Elder , Swiss pastor and theologian († 1947)
- December 9: Harold Arminius Miller , American racing car and engine designer († 1943)
- December 11th: Carl Jörns , German racing driver († 1969)
- December 12: Gerd von Rundstedt , German field marshal in World War II († 1953)
- December 14: Paul Löbe , German politician († 1967)
- December 15: Friedrich Niggli , Swiss composer and music teacher († 1959)
- December 15: Luigi Pigarelli , Italian lawyer and composer († 1964)
- December 16: Richard Assmann , German works council chairman and politician († 1933)
- December 17: Ernst Pfeiffer , German author and journalist († 1942)
- December 19: Mileva Marić , Serbian mathematician and Albert Einstein's first wife († 1948)
- December 20: Francesco Cantelli , Italian mathematician († 1966)
- December 21: Thomas Schneider , German automobile pioneer († 1954)
- December 23: Ivan Prijatelj , Slovenian cultural and literary historian († 1937)
- December 24th: Otto Ender , Austrian politician († 1960)
- December 25th: Pierre de Caters , Belgian automobile and motorboat racing driver, aviation pioneer and entrepreneur († 1944)
- December 25: Theodor Innitzer , Austrian clergyman, Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Vienna and Cardinal († 1955)
- December 31: Jeanne de Vietinghoff , Belgian-Swiss writer († 1926)
Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg
Rainer Maria Rilke, around 1900
Paul Löbe
Exact date of birth unknown
- Aram Andonian , Armenian writer and journalist († 1951)
- Alfredo Cecchi , Italian opera singer († after 1920)
- Haschim al-Atassi , Syrian statesman († 1960)
- Krikor Balakian , Armenian Bishop († 1934)
- Carlos Lastra , Chilean painter († after 1939)
- Nasrullah Khan , Emir of Afghanistan († 1920)
- Victor Nováček , Czech violinist and music teacher († 1914)
- Carl Pettersson , Swedish navigator and emigrant († 1937)
- Hossein Pirnia , Iranian member of parliament and long-time speaker of parliament († 1945)
- Emine Naciye Tevfik , Ottoman / Turkish portrait painter († 1960)
- Agustín Undurraga , Chilean painter († 1950)
Died
January to March
- January 2: Carl Nipperdey , German classical philologist (* 1821)
- January 3: Pierre Larousse , French educational writer (* 1817)
- January 3: Thomas G. Turner , American politician (* 1810)
- January 5: Hermann Wilhelm Bödeker , German Protestant pastor (* 1799)
- January 6: Friedrich Wilhelm I , last elector and sovereign Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (* 1802)
- January 10: Jean Achille Deville , French scholar (* 1789)
- January 12th: Tongzhi , Chinese Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (* 1856)
- January 13: Robert Adams , Irish surgeon and cardiologist (* 1791)
- January 20: Maximilian Werner , German politician (* 1815)
- January 27: Friedrich Anders , German lawyer and politician (* 1808)
- January 29: Rageth Christoffel , Swiss pastor and educator (* 1810)
- February 1: William Sterndale Bennett , British composer and pianist (* 1816)
- February 2: Ludwig Droste , German architect and master builder (* 1814)
- February 8: Wilhelm Assmann , German historian, educator, textbook author and politician (* 1800)
- February 11: Karl Friedrich von Savigny , Prussian diplomat and Catholic politician (* 1814)
- February 15: Friedrich von Uechtritz , German poet, historian and genealogist (* 1800)
- February 17: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander , German astronomer (* 1799)
- February 22nd: Charles Lyell , British geologist (* 1797)
- February 22nd: Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot , French landscape painter (* 1796)
- March 1: Tristan Corbière , French poet (* 1845)
- March 4: Gottfried Pulian , German landscape and architecture painter (* 1809)
- March 7: John Edward Gray , British zoologist (* 1800)
- March 7th: Arthur Helps , English writer (* 1813)
- March 10: Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul , French composer (* 1790)
- March 17th: Ferdinand Laub , Czech violinist (* 1832)
- March 19: Jean Baptiste Vuillaume , French violin maker (* 1798)
- March 21: Virginie Ancelot , French writer and painter (* 1792)
- March 24th: Amédée Achard , French writer (* 1814)
- March 27: Edgar Quinet , French writer and historian (* 1803)
- March 28: Engelbert August Anton , Duke of Arenberg (* 1824)
- March 31: Gaetano Nava , Italian music teacher and composer (* 1802)
April to June
- April 4: Karl Mauch , German African explorer (* 1837)
- April 7th: Georg Herwegh , German revolutionary poet of the Vormärz (* 1817)
- April 9: Johann Karl Erler the Younger , Protestant theologian (* 1802)
- April 11: Andrew Jackson Hamilton , American politician (* 1815)
- April 11: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe , German astronomer (* 1789)
- April 15: Joseph Crocé-Spinelli , French balloon pioneer (* 1845)
- April 21: Herbert Pernice , German lawyer (* 1832)
- April 24: Juana Manso de Noronha , Argentine writer, feminist, composer, educator and journalist (* 1819)
- April 30th: Johann Friedrich von Waldeck , French antiquarian, cartographer (* 1766)
- May 1st: Leonhard Kohl von Kohlenegg , Austrian writer and actor (* 1834)
- May 3: Hermann von Arnim , manor owner, administrative officer and member of parliament (* 1802)
- May 4: Heinrich Ewald , German theologian and orientalist (* 1803)
- May 10: Friedrich Jahn , German organ builder (* 1798)
- May 12: Heinrich von Hofstätter , Bishop of Passau (* 1805)
- May 17: John C. Breckinridge , American general and politician (* 1821)
- May 18: Benedikt von Arx , Swiss politician, notary and judge (* 1817)
- May 20: Amalie Marie Friederike , Duchess of Oldenburg, Princess of Bavaria and Queen of Greece (* 1818)
- May 20: Jesse D. Bright , American politician (* 1812)
- May 22: Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto , Portuguese politician (* 1804)
- May 26: Gustav von Amstetter , German lawyer and politician (* 1800)
- June 1: Bellamy Storer , American politician (* 1796)
- June 2: Hirsch Aub , German rabbi (* 1796)
- June 3: Georges Bizet , French composer (* 1838)
- June 3: Marsh Giddings , American politician (* 1816)
- June 4: Eduard Mörike , German poet and narrator (* 1804)
- June 9: Isaak Auerbach , German architect, land and hydraulic engineer and master builder (* 1827)
- June 9: Paulina Wilkońska , Polish writer (* 1815)
- June 13: Eilert Sundt , Norwegian sociologist (* 1817)
- June 14: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest , German-Danish astronomer in Berlin, Leipzig and Copenhagen (* 1822)
- June 18: Wilhelm Paul Corssen , German classical philologist and Etruscanologist (* 1820)
- June 20: Wilhelm Bauer , German engineer (* 1822)
- June 20: Peter Karlowitsch von Uslar , Russian engineer, linguist and officer (* 1816)
- June 25th: Heinrich Wilhelm Breidenfeld , German organ builder (* 1794)
- June 27: Antoine-Louis Barye , French sculptor (* 1795)
- June 28: Joseph Misson , Austrian dialect poet (* 1803)
- June 29th: Ferdinand I , Emperor of Austria (* 1793)
July to September
- July 9: Christian Ruben , German painter (* 1805)
- July 10: Henry Lewis Benning , American lawyer and Confederate general in the Civil War (* 1814)
- July 13: Simon Joel Arnheim , German entrepreneur (* 1802)
- July 14th: Guillaume Henri Dufour , Swiss humanist, general, politician, cartographer and engineer (* 1787)
- July 17: Leopold Copeland Parker Cowper , American politician and lawyer (* 1811)
- July 18: Jane Griffin , British adventurer (* 1791)
- July 23: Isaac Merritt Singer , American entrepreneur and inventor (* 1811)
- July 25: Joseph-Maurice Exelmans , French admiral (* 1816)
- July 25: Johann Peter Romang , Swiss clergyman, theologian and university professor (* 1802)
- July 27: Connop Thirlwall , British clergyman and writer (* 1797)
- July 28: Bertha von Redern , German painter (* 1811)
- July 28: Johann Baptist von Schweitzer , German politician, President of the ADAV and MdR (* 1833)
- July 31: Andrew Johnson , American politician, 17th President of the USA (* 1808)
- August 4th: Hans Christian Andersen , Danish poet and writer (* 1805)
- August 5th: David Fries , Swiss Protestant clergyman and politician (* 1818)
- August 10: Karl Andree , German geographer and publicist (* 1808)
- August 11: William Alexander Graham , American politician (* 1804)
- August 15: Robert Stephen Hawker , British clergyman and poet (* 1803)
- August 17: Wilhelm Bleek , German linguist (* 1827)
- August 17: John B. Weller , American politician (* 1812)
- August 23: Richard van Rees , Dutch mathematician and physicist (* 1797)
- August 29: Gustave Oliver Lannes de Montebello , French general (* 1804)
- September 11th: Heinrich Rückert , German historian and Germanist (* 1823)
- September 15: Guillaume-Benjamin Duchenne , French physiologist (* 1806)
- September 21: Adalbert Wilhelm , Prince of Bavaria and Hereditary Prince of Greece (* 1828)
- September 22nd: Johann Rudolf Weber , Swiss music teacher and composer (* 1819)
- September 23: Ulrike von Pogwisch , German prioress (* 1798)
- September 25th: Tony Franck , German pianist (* 1827)
October to December
- October 4th: Léon Ehrhart , French composer (* 1854)
- October 8: Alexander Forbes , Scottish Bishop (* 1817)
- October 13: Leopold Löw , Hungarian rabbi (* 1811)
- October 19: Charles Wheatstone , British physicist (* 1802)
- October 25: Jacques-Paul Migne , French priest (* 1800)
- October 29: John Gardner Wilkinson , British Egyptologist (* 1797)
- November 3: Moritz von Aberle , German theologian (* 1819)
- November 13: Carl zu Solms-Braunfels , German officer and founder of the settlement (* 1812)
- November 16: Werner Munzinger , Swiss African explorer (* 1832)
- November 17: Hilario Ascasubi , Argentine writer (* 1807)
- November 17th: Charles Vignoles , British railway engineer (* 1793)
- November 18: Heinrich Leonhard von Arnim-Heinrichsdorf , German politician (* 1801)
- November 19: Gustav Adolf Haggenmacher , Swiss African explorer (* 1845)
- November 19: Carl Julius Milde , German painter, drawing teacher at the Katharineum (* 1803)
- November 21: Orris S. Ferry , American politician (* 1823)
- November 21: Friedrich Albert Lange , German philosopher and Protestant theologian (* 1828)
- November 24th: Joseph Othmar von Rauscher , Archbishop of Vienna (* 1797)
- November 24th: William Backhouse Astor , American millionaire (* 1792)
- November 27: Richard Christopher Carrington , English astronomer (* 1826)
- November 29th: Ahmed Esad Pascha , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (* 1828)
- December 2: Ira Harris , American lawyer and politician (* 1802)
- December 3: Ferdinand Adolph Lange , German watchmaker and entrepreneur (* 1815)
- December 10: Ferenc Toldy , Hungarian literary historian (* 1805)
- December 17th: Theodor von Zwehl , German Minister of State for the Interior (* 1800)
- December 18: Sebastián Ágreda , Bolivian general and politician (* 1795)
- December 22nd: Nikolai Titow , Russian composer (* 1800)
- December 23: Maximilian von Arco-Valley , German landowner and politician (* 1806)
- December 23: Egron Lundgren , Swedish painter and writer (* 1815)
- December 25th: Young Tom Morris , Scottish golfer (* 1851)
- December 26: Emilio Praga , Italian painter, writer and librettist (* 1839)
- December 31: Kido Witbooi , captain of the Witbooi-Orlam (* 1780/81)
Exact date of death unknown
- William Acton , English sexologist (* 1813 or 1814)
- Juan Bautista Alfonseca , Dominican composer and conductor (* 1810)
- Philipp Ludwig Arzt , German entrepreneur (* 1799)
- Juan Bianchi , Chilean painter (* 1817)
Web links
Commons : 1875 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
- The dead of 1875. In: Neue Freie Presse , December 30, 1875, pp. 5–6 (online at ANNO ).