Edgar Wallace

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Edgar Wallace (1928)

Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace [ ˈwɔlɪs ] (born April 1, 1875 in Greenwich near London , † February 10, 1932 in Hollywood , California ) was an English writer , screenwriter , director , journalist and playwright . He is one of the most successful English-language crime writers .

life and work

Edgar Wallace plaque in Fleet Street , London

Family and youth

Edgar Wallace was born in 1875 under the name Richard Horatio Edgar as an illegitimate son and after their daughter Josephine (Joey) as the second child of the actress Mary Jane "Polly" Richards , nee Blair. His father was the comedian Richard Horatio Edgar, the son of the actress Alice Marriott and thus the employer of Polly Richards, and came from a brief affair with this, although he was already engaged and wanted to get married. Polly Richards withheld the pregnancy from both father and mother and gave birth to her son with the help of a midwife in Asburnham Grove in Greenwich . The child was officially registered for baptism as the son of "Walter Wallace", who probably did not exist. Immediately after his birth, through the mediation of the midwife, he was taken in by the London fishmonger George Freeman and his wife for a fee and was given the name Richard Horatio Edgar Freeman , shortened to Dick Freeman . He grew up at Norway Court with the Freeman family's ten children of their own. In 1878 he was adopted by the Freemans after his mother had to stop paying him. He spent his childhood in the poor circumstances of the fishmonger family and went to St. Peters Infant School on Thames Street and, after the family moved to Camberwell, transferred to Reddin's Road School. Although his adoptive father arranged for him to get a good education, he regularly skipped school to sell newspapers at Ludgate Circus. He dropped out of school at the age of 12 and then took various jobs. At the same time, he made his first experience of petty crime in London and joined a gang of boys with whom he carried out petty theft.

In 1894 he joined the army at the age of 18 and took the name Edgar Wallace; based on the writer Lew Wallace , who published Ben Hur in 1880 . In 1896 Edgar Wallace was stationed in the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment in South Africa . There he was transferred first to the Royal Army Medical Corps and later to the press corps and was a war correspondent in the Second Boer War .

Journalist in Cape Town and London

Edgar Wallace's writing career began while serving in the army in South Africa. At the beginning of this he wrote a song and sent it to the London comedian Arthur Roberts, who performed it in London. During his time in the Royal West Kent Regiment, he increased his salary by writing short texts on local events and people for the Cape Town press. He also wrote poems that were mainly influenced by the work of Rudyard Kipling , whom he met in Cape Town in 1898. In the same year he published a compilation of his ballads under the title The Mission that Failed! .

In 1899 he bought himself free from army service and continued to work for a short time at the Reuters news agency . From 1900 he switched to the Daily Mail as a war correspondent and also wrote for other newspapers. After Wallace had published the peace treaty via the Daily Mail 24 hours before the official publication date by cleverly circumventing the military censorship, Lord Kitchener withdrew his permission to report on war in South Africa. In 1902 he became the first scribe for the Rand Daily Mail . Wallace married Ivy Maude Caldecott (1880? –1926), the daughter of the Methodist missionary William Shaw Caldecott, in 1901 while still in Cape Town. After the birth of their first daughter Eleanor Claire Hellier on May 23, 1902 and her death on March 17, 1903 from meningitis and difficulties with Wallace's superiors, the couple returned to London in 1903, deeply in debt. After returning to London, he worked as a journalist and special rapporteur. On April 28, 1904 their son Bryan Edgar was born and on September 1, 1908 the daughter Patricia Marion Caldecott followed; the second son Michael Blair was born on September 29, 1916. The marriage with Ivy was divorced in 1919 and on May 17, 1921 Wallace married his secretary Ethel Violet King (1896-1933), daughter of the banker Friedrich König. On May 30, 1923, their daughter Penelope was born, who also became a writer.

First successes as a novelist

The Four Just Men , self-published first edition by Tallis Press, 1905
Edgar Wallace, around 1910

On his return to London in 1905, his first crime novel published The four righteous (English title: The Four Just Men ) self-published because he could not find a publisher. The novel was a success, but for Wallace it was also a financial disaster. For guessing the nature of the murder of one of the victims in the book, he had promised prizes totaling 500 pounds (a very large sum for the time).

It was only thanks to the intervention of Alfred Harmsworth of the Daily Mail , who wanted to prevent his newspaper from being drawn into the discussion and damaged as a result of this action, that Wallace survived this bankruptcy. Harmsworth's relationship with Wallace deteriorated after the Daily Mail was approached for some sloppiness in one of Wallace's texts. After another case of this type in 1907, he was fired from the newspaper without a chance of employment with any other newspaper in London.

With a family to support and close to bankruptcy, Wallace wrote more novels to help finance his life. However, it was not until 1909 that he was able to develop a successful and popular style with which he could sell his works. He processed his experiences, which he had experienced as a reporter in South Africa and especially in the Belgian colony of the Congo , in a series of African novels and short stories and was very successful with these stories. The first novel in this 11-part series, Sanders of the River from 1911, became a bestseller. The success also helped him regain his reputation as a journalist, and he wrote as a commentator on horse racing and other events for the Week-End and Evening News . He took over shares in the racing insert of the Week-End and brought out two of his own racing papers, Bibury's and RE Walton's Weekly . To cope with the job, he set up a typing office and hired staff, including his future second wife, Ethel Violet King.

The "King of Thrillers"

In 1921, Edgar Wallace let the literary agent Alexander Strahan Watt of the agency AP Watt & Son Ltd. represented and got to know the publisher Ernest Hodder-Williams through this . He signed a contract with his publishing house Hodder and Stoughton and had all new novels published by this in a row. Wallace was built as the "King of Thrillers" and marketed with the slogan "It is impossible not to be thrilled by Edgar Wallace" ("It is impossible not to be tied up by Edgar Wallace"). In this way, Edgar Wallace was able to sell large editions of his books for the first time and had great success. At the same time, his production of new novels was productive. He often worked on several stories at the same time, and sometimes managed to write a novel in three days. In 1928 it was estimated that one in four books (excluding the Bible ) printed and sold in England was written by Edgar Wallace.

Through his imagination, Wallace revolutionized the modern thriller by applying and developing the narrative and sensationalist style of the Daily Mail to his works. The novels were exciting and anything could happen in them, from the love story of a penniless saleswoman who turns out to be a millionaire's daughter, to the secret takeover of the whole country by the assistants of a crazy and at the same time brilliant leader. His books included elements of comedy and science fiction, romance, and war history. One of Wallace's most famous crime novels was The Witcher (English original title: The Gaunt Stranger ), which premiered as a play under the name The Ringer on May 1, 1926 with the British actor Gerald du Maurier and was a great success. In Germany, the premiere took place in 1927 at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin under the direction of Max Reinhardt . Over the next six years, 17 more of his novels were reworked into plays and some novels were made into films. In 1927 he was invited to the board of directors of the newly formed British Lion Film Corporation . He wrote the screenplay and directed the first film adaptation of his novel The Squeaker (German: Der Zinker , 1930). He also wrote short stories, essays , poems and plays as well as a 10-volume series of non-fiction books on the First World War .

During this time, Edgar Wallace lived an excessive lifestyle. He was the owner of his own box at the Ascot horse races and had his own racing horse stable, he was also the owner of a striking yellow Rolls-Royce and lost a lot of money in games of chance and horse races. He saw his novels mainly as a source of money, and he suffered from the pressure to succeed. He became obese and developed diabetes , which he did not seek treatment. In 1923 he was appointed to the board of directors of the London Press Club, and in 1928 he set up a foundation to assist impoverished journalists. He stood in the 1931 general election for the Liberal Party in Blackpool and lost the election by a large margin to the winner.

In 1932 Wallace took a job as a screenwriter at RKO Studios in Hollywood and moved to the United States. There he died on February 10, 1932, at the age of 56, of complications from pneumonia in Beverly Hills while working on the script for the classic film King Kong and the White Woman, later with Fay Wray in the lead role . His body was transferred to England. Upon arrival in the port of Southampton , the flags were raised at half mast and the bells rang in London's Fleet Street . He was buried in Fern Lane Churchyard in Little Marlow near his hometown Bourne End , Buckinghamshire , a village about 50 km west of London . Despite his late successes, Wallace left massive debts, but his heirs were able to settle this through royalties on his works within two years. His wife Violet outlived her husband by 14 months, she died at the age of 37 in April 1933.

Near Fleet Street, a plaque commemorates Edgar Wallace on Ludgate Circus with the text: He got to know wealth and poverty - he associated with kings and yet he remained true to himself. He devoted his talents to literature, but Fleet Street was his heart.

His son Bryan Edgar Wallace and daughter Penelope Wallace were also crime writers. Penelope Wallace managed her father's literary legacy since the 1960s and founded The Edgar Wallace Society , an international literary society based in London.

reception

Edgar Wallace's novels have been translated into 44 languages. Since the 1920s, many of his novels have been made into films in the USA and Great Britain.

After the feature film The Frog with the Mask , shot in Germany in 1959 , there was an Edgar Wallace boom in Germany in the 1960s and 1970s with 38 Wallace films . Many of these films started with the saying “Hello, this is Edgar Wallace!” And the sound of several gunshots. In the films, Klaus Kinski often portrayed a criminal or a suspect. Other regular actors in the German series also included Eddi Arent , Joachim Fuchsberger , Siegfried Schürenberg and Heinz Drache . In Great Britain, too, films were made during this time that are hardly known in Germany.

The Archive of German Crime Films has donated the Edgar Wallace Prize for special services to crime films since 1999 (not to be confused with the English Edgar for the best crime novel of the year; this is named not after Wallace, but after Edgar Allan Poe ).

Books and direction

The Witcher (1927), German first edition
The uncanny monk (approx. 1960), edition in the Goldmann series Rote Krimis

Detective novels

124 detective novels were written between 1905 and 1936:

  • 1905 The Four Just Men (dt. The four righteous , 1927)
  • 1908 Angel Esquire (German: The safe with the riddle lock , 1927)
  • 1910 The Nine Bears
  • 1913 The Fourth Plague (Eng. The fourth plague , 1933)
  • 1913 Gray Timothy
  • 1915 The Man Who Bought London (Eng. Kerry buys London , 1931)
  • 1915 The Melody of Death (Eng. The melody of death , 1932)
  • 1916 A Debt Discharged (Eng. The other's guilt , 1929)
  • 1916 The Tomb of T'Sin
  • 1917 The Just Men of Cordova (Eng. The three of Cordova , 1929)
  • 1917 The Secret House (eng. The mysterious house , 1930)
  • 1917 The Strange Lapses of Larry Loman (German: The Man with Two Faces , 1990)
  • 1918 The Clue of the Twisted Candle (Eng. The bent candle , 1954)
  • 1918 Down Under Donovan (German Derby Winner , 1932)
  • 1919 The Green Rust (German The Green Fire , 1929)
  • 1919 Kate Plus 10 (German Käthe and her ten , 1928)
  • 1919 The Man Who Knew (Eng. The man who knew everything , 1932)
  • 1920 The Daffodil Mystery (German: The secret of the yellow daffodils , 1928)
  • 1920 Jack O'Judgment (German: The death card , also as a club was published in 1961)
  • 1921 The Law of the Four Just Men (also published as Again The Three Just Men ; German The Law of the Four , 1929)
  • 1922 The Angel of Terror (Eng. The Angel of Terror , 1931)
  • 1922 The Crimson Circle (German: The Red Circle , 1931)
  • 1922 Mr Justice Maxell (German judge Maxell's crime , 1929)
  • 1922 The Valley of Ghosts (German AS the Invisible , 1929)
  • 1923 Captains of Souls (Eng. The soul of the other , 1929)
  • 1923 The Clue of the New Pin (German: The secret of the pin , 1928)
  • 1923 The Green Archer (Eng. The green archer , 1928)
  • 1923 The Missing Million , (German The Eerie Letters , 1961)
  • 1924 The Dark Eyes of London (Eng. The dead eyes of London , 1929)
  • 1924 Double Dan (German The Doppelganger , 1930)
  • 1924 Educated Evans (Eng. The educated Evans )
  • 1924 The Face in the Night (Eng. The Face in the Dark , 1932)
  • 1924 Room 13 (German Room 13 , 1929)
  • 1924 The Sinister Man (German: The Uncanny , 1928)
  • 1924 The Three Oaks Mystery (German: At the three oaks , 1930)
  • 1925 The Blue Hand (German: The Blue Hand , 1928)
  • 1925 The Daughters of the Night (German daughters of the night , 1933)
  • 1925 The Fellowship of the Frog (German: The Frog with the Mask , 1926, translation by Alma Johanna Koenig )
  • 1925 The Gaunt Stranger (Eng. The Witcher ) The play The Ringer ( The Witcher ) was created from this novel . The piece was completely revised and again appeared as the redesigned novel The Ringer . The German first edition appeared after the new version.
  • 1925 A King By Night (German: The Unhold , 1932)
  • 1925 The Mind of Mr. JG Reeder (dt. The sixth sense of Mr. Reeder , 1930)
  • 1925 The Strange Countess (Eng. The Strange Countess , 1928)
  • 1926 The Avenger (German The Avenger , 1927)
  • 1926 The Black Abbot (Eng. The Black Abbot , 1930)
  • 1926 The Day of Uniting (German: The Judgment Day , 1933)
  • 1926 The Door With Seven Locks (Eng. The door with the seven locks , 1927)
  • 1926 The Joker (Eng. The Joker , 1931)
  • 1926 The Man From Morocco (German: The Man From Morocco , 1928)
  • 1926 The Million Dollar Story , (dt. The millions of History , 1935)
  • 1926 More Educated Evans
  • 1926 The Northing Tramp (German. To the north, Tramp!, 1930)
  • 1926 Penelope of the Polyantha (German Penelope of the "Polyantha" , 1930)
  • 1926 The Square Emerald (German: The square emerald , 1929)
  • 1926 The Terrible People , (Eng. The Gang of Terror , 1927)
  • 1926 We Shall See! (in Secret Agent No. 6 , 1933)
  • 1926 The Three Just Men (dt. The three righteous , 1927)
  • 1926 The Yellow Snake (Eng. The Yellow Snake , 1928)
  • 1927 Big Foot (dt. Puvel , 1928)
  • 1927 The Brigand (Eng. The Brigant , 1931)
  • 1927 The Feathered Serpent (German Gucumatz , 1928; German The Feathered Serpent , GDR 1970)
  • 1927 Flat 2 (German Louba, the player , 1932)
  • 1927 The Forger (German the banknote counterfeiter , 1930)
  • 1927 Good Evans
  • 1927 The Hand of Power (Eng. In the spell of the uncanny , 1931)
  • 1927 The Man Who Was Nobody (Eng. The man who changed his name , 1932)
  • 1927 The Mixer (German: The Preller , 1931)
  • 1927 Number Six (German secret agent No. 6 , 1928)
  • 1927 The Squeaker (German Der Zinker , 1928)
  • 1927 Terror Keep (German John Flack , 1928)
  • 1927 The Traitor's Gate (dt. The Traitor , 1928)
  • 1928 The Double (German: Old Derrick's hobbyhorse , 1931)
  • 1928 Elegant Edward
  • 1928 The Flying Squad (German raid command , 1930)
  • 1928 The Gunner (German Hands up!, 1929)
  • 1928 The Orator (dt. The speaker , 1932)
  • 1928 The Thief in the Night (Eng. The Thief in the Night , 1928)
  • 1928 The Twister (German: A Cunning Guy , 1934)
  • 1929 Again the Ringer (German news from the witcher , 1932)
  • 1929 Again the Three Just Men = The Law Of The Three Just Men (dt. Das Silber Dreieck , 1931)
  • 1929 The Big Four , detective novel, in The Eerie Monk
  • 1929 The Black , 8 crime stories
  • 1929 The Cat-Burglar , 10 crime stories
  • 1929 Circumstantial Evidence , 10 crime stories
  • 1929 Fighting Snub Reilly , 8 crime stories
  • 1929 For Information Received (German: The Jewel from Paris , 1929)
  • 1929 Forty-Eight Short Stories , 48 crime stories, collection
  • 1929 Four Square Jane (German The Adventure , 1933)
  • 1929 The Ghost of Down Hill
  • 1929 The Golden Hades (Eng. The golden Hades , 1934)
  • 1929 The Green Ribbon 1929 (German turf swindle , 1953)
  • 1929 The India Rubber Men: Inspector John Wade , 1929 ( The Inn on the Thames , 1953)
  • 1929 Four Square Jane , 1929, (German The Adventure , 1933)
  • 1929 Red Aces (German Mr. Reeder knows , 1961)
  • 1929 The Terror (German: The Eerie Monk , 1955)
  • 1929 The Man Who Changed His Name (German: The Man with Two Faces , 1963)
  • 1929 Sentimental Simpson (short stories; Ger. The sentimental Mr. Simpson , 1976)
  • 1929 The Lone House Mystery
  • 1929 Planetoid 127 , a detective novel, in The Jewel from Paris
  • 1929 The Queen of Sheba's Belt , 1929
  • 1930 The Hand of Power , 1930
  • 1930 Silinski - Master Criminal: Detective TB Smith , 1930
  • 1930 The Thief in the Night , 1930
  • 1930 White Face , 1930 ( The Devil of Tidal Basin , 1952)
  • 1930 The Iron Grip
  • 1930 The Clue of the Silver Key , 1930 (also published as The Silver Key ; German: The Shining Key , 1953)
  • 1930 The Lady of Ascot , 1930 (German The Countess of Ascot , 1961)
  • 1931 The Ringer Returns ( Again the Ringer ; Ger. News from the Witcher , 1953)
  • 1931 The Man At The Carlton (German: The man from the Carlton , 1933)
  • 1931 The Coat Of Arms (also published as The Arranways Mystery ; German fire in the castle , 1960)
  • 1931 On the Spot: Violence and Murder in Chicago , 1931 (German : Sent to Death , 1958)
  • 1932 When The Gangs Came To London (German gangster in London , 1956)
  • 1932 Sergeant Sir Peter , 1932 (also published as Sergeant Dunn, CID )
  • 1932 The Guv'nor / The Man Who Passed , two Mr. Reeder short novels
  • 1932 The Shadow Man & The Man Who Passed , two short novels, not in the original English edition (German as The Man in the Background , 1935)
  • 1933 The Frightened Lady (German: The Indian cloth , 1956)
  • 1933 The Green Pack (German Lottery of Death , 1961)
  • 1934 The Devil Man , 1931 (dt. The Devil Man , 1934)
  • 1934 Mr. JG Reeder Returns
  • 1934 The Woman From The East
  • 1935 The Man Who Changed His Name , ( Robert George Curtis ) detective novel (based on the play, Eng. The man who changed his name )
  • 1935 The Mouthpiece (EW & Robert George Curtis) detective novel (based on the play)
  • 1935 Smoky Cell (Robert George Curtis) detective novel (based on the film script)
  • 1936 Sanctuary Island (Robert George Curtis) detective novel (based on the film script)
  • 1936 The Table (Robert George Curtis) detective novel (based on the film script)

The last five novels are versions of plays and film scripts by Robert George Curtis, Edgar Wallace's private secretary.

African novels

  • 1911 Sanders Of The River (German: Sanders vom Strom, 1929)
  • 1911 The People Of The River (German: The natives of the river, 1929)
  • 1913 The River Of Stars (German: The Diamond River , 1928)
  • 1914 Bosambo Of The River (German Bosambo, 1926)
  • 1915 Bones (German Bones in Africa, 1928)
  • 1917 The Keepers Of The King's Peace (1929)
  • 1918 Lieutenant Bones (German Lieutenant Bones, 1927)
  • 1921 Bones in London (German Bones in London, 1928)
  • 1922 Sandi the Kingmaker (German Sanders the Kingmaker, 1928; Goldmann, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-442-06441-4 )
  • 1923 Bones of the River (dt.Bones vom Strom, 1927)
  • 1926 Sanders (German Sanders, 1951)
  • 1928 Again Sanders (Eng. Am Großer Strom, 1931)

Since 1927, German editions of the Afrikaromane have appeared in both single and double volumes in the chronology of the translation: Goldmann Leipzig 1930 and Goldmann Munich 1952. In 1986, Hesse & Becker published the novels again in double volumes at Weiss Verlag, Dreieich does not correspond to the chronological edition in English, but to the chronology of the German first editions. Accordingly, the numbering of the volumes in German does not correspond to the chronology, which is not noticeable in short stories:

  1. Sanders vom Strom / Bosambo from Monrovia
  2. Bones in Africa / Lieutenant Bones
  3. Sanders / Bones from the stream
  4. Sanders the Kingmaker / Keeper of Peace
  5. Bones in London / The Diamond River
  6. The natives of the river / On the great river

General

  • 1898 The Mission That Failed , 23 poems
  • 1900 War And Other Poems , 5 poems
  • 1900 Writ In Barracks , 34 poems
  • 1901 Unofficial Despatches , War Reports from the Boer War
  • 1905 Smithy , Military Satires, Short Stories
  • 1908 The Council Of Justice
  • 1909 Captain Tatham Of Tatham Island , Roman (German: All Europe in spite of it, 1933)
  • 1909 Smithy Abroad Military Satires, Short Stories
  • 1909 The Duke In The Suburbs , novel
  • 1912 Private Selby , novel from the Boer War
  • 1914 The Admirable Carfew , Cheerful Stories (German: Mr. Carefree, 1931)
  • 1915 Smithy And The Hun , 21 War Stories
  • 1915 1925 - The Story Of A Fatal Place , fictional novel
  • 1918 Tam Of The Scouts , War Book
  • 1918 Those Folk of Bulboro , society novel
  • 1919 The Adventure of Heine , War Stories
  • 1919 The Fighting Scouts , 9 War Stories, sequel to Tam Of The Scouts
  • 1921 The Book Of All Power (German: Das Buch der Almmacht, 1931)
  • 1922 Flying Fifty-five , Turfroman
  • 1923 The Books Of Bart , entertaining novel
  • 1923 Chick , 12 cheerful stories (German Lord against his will, 1929)
  • 1926 Barbara On Her Own , cheerful novel (German damn competition, 1932)
  • 1927 This England , 20 essays

Non-fiction

  • 1914: Our Fighting Forces - Famous Scottish Regiments
  • 1914: Field Marshal Sir John French
  • 1914: Heroes All: Gallant Deeds Of The War
  • 1914: The Standard History Of The War , 4 volumes
  • 1915: Kitchener's Army And The Territorial Forces: The Full Story Of A Great Achievement , war report
  • 1915: Vol. 2-4 War Of The Nations , Hist. Non-fiction
  • 1916: Vol. 5-7 War Of The Nations , Hist. Non-fiction
  • 1917: Vol. 8-9 War Of The Nations , Hist. Non-fiction
  • 1918: Tam Of The Scouts , War Book
  • 1926: People (Eng. Menschen, 1928), autobiography

Stage plays

  • 1925 The Ringer (German The Witcher, 1927)
  • 1930 The Calendar (German place and victory, 1932)

Director

  • 1929 Red Aces
  • 1930 The Squeaker

script

literature

Biographical literature

  • Margaret Lane : Edgar Wallace: the biography of a phenomenon , 1938
    • Edgar Wallace: The life of a phenomenon (translation by Wilm Wolfgang Elwenspoek), Krüger, Hamburg 1966
  • Joachim Kramp, Jürgen Wehnert: The Edgar Wallace Lexicon. Life, work, films. It is impossible not to be captivated by Edgar Wallace! Verlag Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89602-508-2 .
  • Edgar Wallace: My Life (People) . German translation by Peter Rathke. Self-published by the translator, Heikendorf 2003, ISBN 3-9804622-3-4 .
  • Neil Clark: Stranger than Fiction - The Life of Edgar Wallace, the man who created King Kong. The History Press, Brimscomb Port 2014, ISBN 978-0-7524-9882-9

Literature on the Edgar Wallace films

  • Florian Pauer: The Edgar Wallace Films . Goldmann, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-442-10216-2 ( Goldmann 10216, Goldmann Magnum , Citadel Filmbücher ).
  • Christos Tses: The Witcher, the Zinker and Other Murderers. Behind the scenes of the Edgar Wallace films . Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2002, ISBN 3-89861-080-2 .
  • Joachim Kramp: Hello! This is Edgar Wallace speaking. The story of the legendary German crime film series from 1959–1972 . 3. Edition. Verlag Schwarzkopf and Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-89602-645-3 .

Web links

Commons : Edgar Wallace  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c "The roots" from Margaret Lane : Edgar Wallace - The life of a phenomenon. London 1938; German translation by Wilm Wolfgang Elwenspoek, Krüger, Hamburg 1966; Excerpts in: Edgar Wallace Almanach. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag, Munich 1982; Pp. 23-37. ISBN 3-442-00083-1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q David Glover: Wallace, (Richard Horatio) Edgar (1875–1932), writer. In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press 2004, online 2011, accessed January 5, 2017 Full text, access required
  3. ↑ see text on the title shown
  4. ↑ Marc von Lüpke, DER SPIEGEL: Edgar Wallace: Crime writer out of financial difficulties - DER SPIEGEL - history. Retrieved January 22, 2020 .
  5. ^ Cover page to the anniversary edition 30 years of "Rote Krimi" from Goldmann Verlag, 1982.
  6. ^ Knerger.de: The grave of Edgar Wallace .
personal data
SURNAME Wallace, Edgar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wallace, Richard Horatio Edgar (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English crime novelist
DATE OF BIRTH April 1, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Greenwich near London
DATE OF DEATH February 10, 1932
Place of death Hollywood , California