Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto , second Marquis ( Marquês ) and first Duke ( Duque ) of Loulé , ninth Count ( Conde ) of Vale de Reis (born November 6, 1804 in Lisbon , † May 22, 1875 in Lisbon) , was an important politician from the time of the constitutional monarchy in Portugal. He was leader of the Historical Party , several times a minister and (1856-1859, 1860-1865 and 1869-1870) three times head of government of the Kingdom of Portugal .

Life

The Duke of Loulé

The future Duke of Loulé, who came from a noble family, received his education in a military school. On December 5, 1828, famous for his grace in his youth, he married Princess Anna de Jesus Maria, a daughter of King John VI. This wedding was a scandal, especially for the conservative-absolutist forces in the country, because he came from a noble family, but not from a ruling family, and was therefore not equal to the princess . The hostility from the absolutist side almost automatically led the Duke of Loulé, who had to go into exile in Paris after the absolutists came to power in 1830, to take part in the Miguelistenkrieg from 1832 on the side of the liberals . By Peter IV. He is appointed in the liberal opposition government during the war, first for foreign later Secretary of the Navy. He travels to Paris, where he met the exiled Queen Maria II and accompanied her on her triumphal journey home to Lisbon after the end of the war . There he resumed his official business as minister. During this time, however, the division of the liberals into a conservative (" Cartist ") and a left-wing liberal (" Setembrist ") wing became noticeable, and since Loulé tended to support the latter, he was increasingly the target of hostility from leading Cartists, especially the Duke of Saldanha . He therefore resigned from his ministerial post at the end of 1833.

From 1835 to 1836 he was again Portuguese Foreign Minister . The Duke of Loulé supported the September Revolution and was elected to the Constituent Cortes , which enacted the Setembrist Constitution of 1838. After the authoritarian wing of the Cartists came to power under António Bernardo da Costa Cabral , he went into the opposition, but was safe from the pursuit of Costa Cabral because of his relatives to the royal family. In the civil war that followed the fall of Carbral, he supported the Setembrist counter-government in Porto . After the Cartists had triumphed in the civil war with British and Spanish forces, Loulé had to admit defeat for the Porto junta and sign the peace treaty with the Cartists.

However, the Duke of Loulé was not deterred by this setback in his political ideas. His great opponent, the Duke of Saldanha, had meanwhile formed the first political party in Portugal, the Regeneration Party , from the Cartists. Loulé sees the need to transform the Setembrists into a party that can work effectively in opposition to the Regeneration Party. On his initiative, the Historical Party was founded in 1854, of which he became the first chairman.

The Historical Party remained in the opposition until Peter V took office. The new, young king was more progressive than his parents and therefore dismissed the previous conservative permanent prime minister, the Duke of Saldanha, shortly after he had started to govern independently in 1856, and appointed Loulé as the new head of government. For the first time since Costa Cabral put up a coup against the government that had emerged from the September Revolution in 1842, the progressive side of the party spectrum in Portugal was again in power. The first Loulé government lasted until 1859, when the Conservatives came back to power. However, they could not even stay in power for a year, in 1860 Loulé was again Prime Minister.

In 1861, King Peter V and two of his brothers died of a fever epidemic in a very short time. The death of the young and popular king led to popular uprisings in Lisbon. Even if the king died a natural death, it was rumored that he had been murdered. The rumor went on to say that the author of this murder was the Duke of Loulé, as he was his own son, who was a grandson of John VI on his mother's side. was wanted to bring to the throne. Even if this rumor was unfounded, the Duke of Loulé was a target of hatred and would likely have been lynched during the riots if he had not gone to a barracks under the protection of the military and thus been brought to safety.

In order to deal with the consequences of the popular uprising, Loulé now increasingly sought cooperation with the Regeneration Party and thus laid the foundation stone for the grand coalition that ruled from 1865. The Margrave of Sá da Bandeira , next to Loulé the second great leader of the Historical Party, did not agree with this course and began to form his own wing within the Historical Party. Because of this split, Loulé lost his government majority, but his successor Sá da Bandeira can only hold on to the government for a short time, followed by the aforementioned grand coalition. Sá da Bandeira then left the Historical Party with his supporters in 1867 and founded his own party, the Reformist Party .

In 1869 Loulé was appointed head of government for the third and last time. His great adversary, the Duke of Saldanha, had already held various ambassadorial posts abroad since 1856 and no longer played a prominent role in Portuguese politics. In 1870 he returned to Portugal and, now at the age of 80, demanded a post in the government commensurate with his merits. However, Loulé refused to allow Saldanha to join his government as minister of war, as requested by him. Saldanha then put on a coup, ending the last reign of the Duke of Loulé. Saldanha is overthrown by Sá da Bandeira three months later. Loulé received the post of President of the Upper House of the Portuguese Parliament in 1871, but he lost it again in 1873 due to political intrigues. For the last two years before his death, he lived in seclusion without intervening in active politics.

Honors

Web links

Commons : Nuno José de Mendonça Barreto, Duke of Loulé  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. Volume 2.
predecessor Office successor
 
João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun
Joaquim António de Aguiar
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo
Prime Minister of Portugal
1856–1859
1860–1865
1869–1870
 
António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo
João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun