Joaquim Antonio de Aguiar
Joaquim António de Aguiar (born August 24, 1792 in Coimbra , † May 26, 1884 in Lisbon ) was a Portuguese politician during the Portuguese monarchy, leader of the Cartists and later of the Regeneration Party . He was Prime Minister three times (1841 to 1842, 1860 and 1865 to 1868) .
Life
Joaquim António de Aguiar was born on August 24, 1792 in Coimbra in a poor family. In his youth he took part in the liberation struggle against Napoleon . He then studied law at the University of Coimbra , where he received his doctorate in 1815 and then took a position at the university. Because of his liberal ideas, de Aguiar lost his position in 1823 when the heir to the throne Michael and his mother put up a coup against the king and had to fear for his life. He eventually fled to Porto . After the end of the conservative uprising and after King John VI. Forced his son into exile, de Aguiar returned to Coimbra, where he was elected to the Cortes in 1823 as a member of the Beira Province . In 1828, when Michael took office, de Aguiar fled first to Porto and then into exile in London .
In exile, de Aguiar kept in close contact with the leaders of the constitutionalists, Saldanha and Palmela . He went to the Azores , from there he took part in the military campaign of the constitutionalists to recapture the Portuguese throne (cf. Miguelistenkrieg ). He entered the government for the first time as Secretary of State for the King's Affairs (Secretario do Estado dos Negócios do Reino) from October 15, 1833 to April 23, 1834. He then became Minister of Justice (Secretario da Justica) on April 23, 1834 , a post he held until the death of King Peter IV on September 24, 1834. He served between April 20 and September 10, 1836 again as Minister of Justice in the government of Prime Minister Antonio José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha . This government fell when the Setembrists came to power on September 9, 1836. The new Setembrist government offered him the post of judge at the Supreme Court, but Aguiar refused in protest against the repeal of the constitutional charter . By 1841 the Setembrist movement was already very weak. The last purely Setembrist government had already resigned in 1840, the government of José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Conde de Bonfim , had to bow often to the influence of the Cartists, embodied in particular in the person of the Justice Minister António Bernardo da Costa Cabral .
On June 9, 1841, the Conde de Bomfim resigned and the Liberale de Aguiar became Prime Minister of his country for the first time. Formally, it was the last Setembrist government in Portugal; de facto, the already strong influence of the Cartists grew with de Aguiar's takeover. In his government he also acted as State Secretary for the King's affairs and between January 26 and February 7, 1842 as acting Minister of Justice. With the takeover of António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha on February 7, 1842, the first de Aguiar government ended.
Aguiar continued to sit in the Cortes, where he stood as an MP in opposition to Costa Cabral. When Costa Cabral overthrew Pereira de Melo over the uprising of António Maria de Fontes , de Aguiar was again Minister of Justice in the short-lived government of Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquês de Palmela from July 10 to October 6, 1846.
On May 1, 1860, Aguiar, who now belonged to the Regeneration Party , was again Prime Minister and replaced António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha. He remained in office until July 4, 1860 and was then replaced by Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto .
As the successor to Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo , de Aguiar took over the post of Prime Minister for the third time on September 4, 1865, which he now exercised until his replacement by António José de Ávila on January 4, 1868. During his tenure he also held the office of Minister for Affairs of the King (Ministro do Reino) between September 4, 1865 and May 9, 1866 . During this time he managed to lead a grand coalition (Governo da fusão) of the two leading Portuguese parties, the Regeneration Party and the Historical Party . There was, however, some resistance to this government among the population, who particularly missed the lack of an opposition. In January 1868 there were violent demonstrations against the Aguiar government in Lisbon, which ultimately overthrew the government. De Aguiar retired into private life and died on May 26, 1884 in Lisbon.
Web links
- Joaquim António de Aguiar in Dictiónario histórico
- João Joaquim António de Aguiar in rulers.org
- Governos do Reino de Portugal 1832-1910
Individual evidence
- ↑ Portugal: Prime Ministers (rulers.org)
- ↑ Portugal: Prime Ministers (rulers.org)
- ↑ Portugal: Prime Ministers (rulers.org)
See also
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Aguiar, Joaquim António de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Portuguese politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 24, 1792 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Coimbra |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 26, 1884 |
| Place of death | Lisbon |